Kotlin Flow 与 Android LiveData
Kotlin Flow vs Android LiveData
我对 Kotlin Flow
有一些疑问
- 我可以从多个片段中观察到
LiveData
。我可以用 Flow
做这个吗?如果是那么怎么办?
- 我们可以使用
map
& switchMap
从单个 LiveData
中得到多个 LiveData
。有什么方法可以从单一来源Flow
获得多个Flow
吗?
- 使用
MutableLiveData
我可以使用变量引用从任何地方更新数据。有什么方法可以对 Flow
做同样的事情吗?
我有一个这样的用例:我将使用 callbackFlow{...}
观察 SharedPreferences
,这将给我一个单一的源流。从该流中,我想为每个键值对创建多个流。
这些问题听起来可能很愚蠢。我是 Rx 和 Flow 世界的新手。
I can observe LiveData from multiple Fragments. Can I do this with Flow? If yes then how?
是的。您可以使用 emit
和 collect
来完成此操作。认为 emit
类似于实时数据 postValue
,collect
类似于 observe
。举个例子吧。
存储库
// I just faked the weather forecast
val weatherForecast = listOf("10", "12", "9")
// This function returns flow of forecast data
// Whenever the data is fetched, it is emitted so that
// collector can collect (if there is any)
fun getWeatherForecastEveryTwoSeconds(): Flow<String> = flow {
for (i in weatherForecast) {
delay(2000)
emit(i)
}
}
ViewModel
fun getWeatherForecast(): Flow<String> {
return forecastRepository.getWeatherForecastEveryTwoSeconds()
}
片段
override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
// Collect is suspend function. So you have to call it from a
// coroutine scope. You can create a new coroutine or just use
// lifecycleScope
// https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/coroutines
lifecycleScope.launch {
viewModel.getWeatherForecast().collect {
// Use the weather forecast data
// This will be called 3 times since we have 3
// weather forecast data
}
}
}
We can have multiple LiveData from a single LiveData using map& switchMap. Is there any way to have multiple Flow from a single source Flow?
流量非常好用。您可以在流程中创建流程。假设您想在每个天气预报数据上附加度数符号。
ViewModel
fun getWeatherForecast(): Flow<String> {
return flow {
forecastRepository
.getWeatherForecastEveryTwoSeconds(spendingDetailsRequest)
.map {
it + " °C"
}
.collect {
// This will send "10 °C", "12 °C" and "9 °C" respectively
emit(it)
}
}
}
然后和#1一样在Fragment中收集数据。这里发生的是视图模型正在从存储库收集数据,片段正在从视图模型收集数据。
Using MutableLiveData I can update data from anywhere using the variable reference. Is there any way to do the same with Flow?
你不能在流程之外发出价值。 flow里面的代码块只有在有收集器的时候才会执行。但是您可以使用 LiveData 的 asLiveData 扩展将流转换为实时数据。
ViewModel
fun getWeatherForecast(): LiveData<String> {
return forecastRepository
.getWeatherForecastEveryTwoSeconds()
.asLiveData() // Convert flow to live data
}
在你的情况下你可以这样做
private fun getSharedPrefFlow() = callbackFlow {
val sharedPref = context?.getSharedPreferences("SHARED_PREF_NAME", MODE_PRIVATE)
sharedPref?.all?.forEach {
offer(it)
}
}
getSharedPrefFlow().collect {
val key = it.key
val value = it.value
}
编辑
感谢@mark 的评论。在视图模型中为 getWeatherForecast
函数创建一个新流实际上是不必要的。它可以重写为
fun getWeatherForecast(): Flow<String> {
return forecastRepository
.getWeatherForecastEveryTwoSeconds(spendingDetailsRequest)
.map {
it + " °C"
}
}
新的 androidx.lifecycle
ktx 包中有一个新的 Flow.asLiveData()
扩展功能。您可以在我的文章中了解更多信息:
https://www.netguru.com/codestories/android-coroutines-%EF%B8%8Fin-2020
在 3 层架构中:数据域表示,Flow 应发生在数据层(数据库、网络、缓存...),然后如 Samuel Urbanowicz 所述,您可以将 Flow 映射到LiveData.
总的来说,Flow 几乎就是 RxJava 的 Observable(或 Flowable)。不要将它与 LiveData 混淆。
更多信息:https://medium.com/@elizarov/cold-flows-hot-channels-d74769805f9
只是想在这里补充 Fatih 的回答,因为它已经有一段时间了。
I can observe LiveData from multiple Fragments. Can I do this with Flow? If yes then how?
是的。但是您应该这样做的方式有所改变。您应该使用 repeatOnLifecycle
来更安全地从 Flows post 到 UI。它是新的,文档很少,但它看起来像这样:
lifecycleScope.launch {
repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) {
viewModel.getWeatherForecast().collect {
// Safely update the UI
}
}
}
这可确保天气预报仅在 UI 显示时更新,不会浪费资源。是的,您可以同时对来自同一流的多个片段执行此操作。
We can have multiple LiveData from a single LiveData using map& switchMap. Is there any way to have multiple Flow from a single source Flow?
这是显而易见的。流有大量的运算符 like map and switchMap
Using MutableLiveData I can update data from anywhere using the variable reference. Is there any way to do the same with Flow?
是的。我们现在有 MutableStateFlow,它非常接近并且比 MutableLiveData
更强大。
val textFlow = MutableStateFlow("Hello")
someButton.onPress {
textFlow.value = "World"
}
lifecycleScope.launch {
repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) {
textFlow.collect {
someTextView.text = it
}
}
}
上面的SharedPreferences代码可以稍微修改一下:
private fun getSharedPrefFlow() = callbackFlow {
val sharedPref = context.getSharedPreferences("SHARED_PREF_NAME", MODE_PRIVATE)
sharedPref?.all?.forEach {
trySend(it) // offer is deprecated
}
}
init {
lifecycleScope.launch {
repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) {
getSharedPrefFlow()
.filter { it.key == BIRTHDAY_KEY }
.collect {
birthdayTextView.text = it.value
}
}
}
}
我对 Kotlin Flow
有一些疑问- 我可以从多个片段中观察到
LiveData
。我可以用Flow
做这个吗?如果是那么怎么办? - 我们可以使用
map
&switchMap
从单个LiveData
中得到多个LiveData
。有什么方法可以从单一来源Flow
获得多个Flow
吗? - 使用
MutableLiveData
我可以使用变量引用从任何地方更新数据。有什么方法可以对Flow
做同样的事情吗?
我有一个这样的用例:我将使用 callbackFlow{...}
观察 SharedPreferences
,这将给我一个单一的源流。从该流中,我想为每个键值对创建多个流。
这些问题听起来可能很愚蠢。我是 Rx 和 Flow 世界的新手。
I can observe LiveData from multiple Fragments. Can I do this with Flow? If yes then how?
是的。您可以使用 emit
和 collect
来完成此操作。认为 emit
类似于实时数据 postValue
,collect
类似于 observe
。举个例子吧。
存储库
// I just faked the weather forecast
val weatherForecast = listOf("10", "12", "9")
// This function returns flow of forecast data
// Whenever the data is fetched, it is emitted so that
// collector can collect (if there is any)
fun getWeatherForecastEveryTwoSeconds(): Flow<String> = flow {
for (i in weatherForecast) {
delay(2000)
emit(i)
}
}
ViewModel
fun getWeatherForecast(): Flow<String> {
return forecastRepository.getWeatherForecastEveryTwoSeconds()
}
片段
override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
// Collect is suspend function. So you have to call it from a
// coroutine scope. You can create a new coroutine or just use
// lifecycleScope
// https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/coroutines
lifecycleScope.launch {
viewModel.getWeatherForecast().collect {
// Use the weather forecast data
// This will be called 3 times since we have 3
// weather forecast data
}
}
}
We can have multiple LiveData from a single LiveData using map& switchMap. Is there any way to have multiple Flow from a single source Flow?
流量非常好用。您可以在流程中创建流程。假设您想在每个天气预报数据上附加度数符号。
ViewModel
fun getWeatherForecast(): Flow<String> {
return flow {
forecastRepository
.getWeatherForecastEveryTwoSeconds(spendingDetailsRequest)
.map {
it + " °C"
}
.collect {
// This will send "10 °C", "12 °C" and "9 °C" respectively
emit(it)
}
}
}
然后和#1一样在Fragment中收集数据。这里发生的是视图模型正在从存储库收集数据,片段正在从视图模型收集数据。
Using MutableLiveData I can update data from anywhere using the variable reference. Is there any way to do the same with Flow?
你不能在流程之外发出价值。 flow里面的代码块只有在有收集器的时候才会执行。但是您可以使用 LiveData 的 asLiveData 扩展将流转换为实时数据。
ViewModel
fun getWeatherForecast(): LiveData<String> {
return forecastRepository
.getWeatherForecastEveryTwoSeconds()
.asLiveData() // Convert flow to live data
}
在你的情况下你可以这样做
private fun getSharedPrefFlow() = callbackFlow {
val sharedPref = context?.getSharedPreferences("SHARED_PREF_NAME", MODE_PRIVATE)
sharedPref?.all?.forEach {
offer(it)
}
}
getSharedPrefFlow().collect {
val key = it.key
val value = it.value
}
编辑
感谢@mark 的评论。在视图模型中为 getWeatherForecast
函数创建一个新流实际上是不必要的。它可以重写为
fun getWeatherForecast(): Flow<String> {
return forecastRepository
.getWeatherForecastEveryTwoSeconds(spendingDetailsRequest)
.map {
it + " °C"
}
}
新的 androidx.lifecycle
ktx 包中有一个新的 Flow.asLiveData()
扩展功能。您可以在我的文章中了解更多信息:
https://www.netguru.com/codestories/android-coroutines-%EF%B8%8Fin-2020
在 3 层架构中:数据域表示,Flow 应发生在数据层(数据库、网络、缓存...),然后如 Samuel Urbanowicz 所述,您可以将 Flow 映射到LiveData.
总的来说,Flow 几乎就是 RxJava 的 Observable(或 Flowable)。不要将它与 LiveData 混淆。
更多信息:https://medium.com/@elizarov/cold-flows-hot-channels-d74769805f9
只是想在这里补充 Fatih 的回答,因为它已经有一段时间了。
I can observe LiveData from multiple Fragments. Can I do this with Flow? If yes then how?
是的。但是您应该这样做的方式有所改变。您应该使用 repeatOnLifecycle
来更安全地从 Flows post 到 UI。它是新的,文档很少,但它看起来像这样:
lifecycleScope.launch {
repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) {
viewModel.getWeatherForecast().collect {
// Safely update the UI
}
}
}
这可确保天气预报仅在 UI 显示时更新,不会浪费资源。是的,您可以同时对来自同一流的多个片段执行此操作。
We can have multiple LiveData from a single LiveData using map& switchMap. Is there any way to have multiple Flow from a single source Flow?
这是显而易见的。流有大量的运算符 like map and switchMap
Using MutableLiveData I can update data from anywhere using the variable reference. Is there any way to do the same with Flow?
是的。我们现在有 MutableStateFlow,它非常接近并且比 MutableLiveData
更强大。
val textFlow = MutableStateFlow("Hello")
someButton.onPress {
textFlow.value = "World"
}
lifecycleScope.launch {
repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) {
textFlow.collect {
someTextView.text = it
}
}
}
上面的SharedPreferences代码可以稍微修改一下:
private fun getSharedPrefFlow() = callbackFlow {
val sharedPref = context.getSharedPreferences("SHARED_PREF_NAME", MODE_PRIVATE)
sharedPref?.all?.forEach {
trySend(it) // offer is deprecated
}
}
init {
lifecycleScope.launch {
repeatOnLifecycle(Lifecycle.State.STARTED) {
getSharedPrefFlow()
.filter { it.key == BIRTHDAY_KEY }
.collect {
birthdayTextView.text = it.value
}
}
}
}