在 R 中绘制多变量图形

Question

这是U.S内结婚率的数据集。从 1990 年代到 2016 年。我希望能够调用 State、Year 和 Rate 等变量，以便我可以将它们相互绘制。但是，当我尝试绘制这些轴时，它说未找到或长度不匹配。这是我为解决此问题所做的尝试。

marriage<-read.csv(file="~/Desktop/datah.csv", header=T, 
sep=",",check.names=FALSE)
marriage
MARR=marriage$State
plot(MARR)
x=1:52
plot(x, MARR)

数据看起来像这样

                  State 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000
1               Alabama  7.0  7.1  7.4  7.8  7.8  8.2  8.4  8.2  8.3  8.6  8.9  9.2  9.2  9.4  9.6  9.9  9.4 10.1
2                Alaska  6.9  7.1  7.4  7.5  7.3  7.2  7.8  8.0  7.8  8.4  8.5  8.2  8.2  8.5  8.1  8.3  8.1  8.9
3               Arizona  5.8  5.9  5.9  5.8  5.4  5.6  5.7  5.9  5.6  6.0  6.4  6.5  6.6  6.7  6.5  6.7  7.6  7.5
4              Arkansas  9.5  9.9 10.0 10.1  9.8 10.9 10.4 10.8 10.7 10.6 12.0 12.4 12.9 13.4 13.4 14.3 14.3 15.4
5          California 1  6.3  6.5  6.2  6.4  6.5  6.0  5.8  5.8  5.8  6.7  6.2  6.3  6.4  6.4  6.1  6.2  6.5  5.8
6              Colorado  7.3  7.4  6.8  7.1  6.5  6.8  7.0  6.9  6.9  7.4  7.1  7.2  7.6  7.4  7.8    8  8.2  8.3

Answer 1

您需要先清理数据，使其变长而不是变宽：

library(tidyr)

# the `2017`:`2000` syntax grabs all the columns between those two,
# so you might need to change that to whichever the bookend years are
# in your actual data
mydata <- mydata %>%
    gather(key=year, value=rate, `2017`:`2000`)

现在您有了长数据，您可以按年份或任何您喜欢的方式绘制针对各州的比率。例如：

library(ggplot2)

# if you are plotting many states at once, this is going to look cluttered
# so consider different ways to visualize them all together if that is
# the goal
ggplot(mydata, aes(x=year, y=rate, group=State)) +
    geom_point(aes(color=State)) +
    geom_line(aes(color=State)) +
    theme_bw()

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