为什么在给定命令错误时打开函数分叉？

Question

在 Perl 脚本中，我想执行系统命令并将输出写入控制台。这是一个重现我的脚本行为的片段：

use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';

sub safe_run_cmd {
    my ($cmd) = @_;
    my $pid;
    my $sleep_count;
    my $fcmd;

    do {
        $pid = open($fcmd, "$cmd 2>&1 |");
        unless(defined $pid) {
            warn("Cannot fork: $!\n");
            die("Bailing out\n") if $sleep_count++ > 6;
            sleep(1);
        }
    } until (defined $pid);

    if($pid) {
        while ( my $line = <$fcmd> ) {
            print $line;
        }
        close $fcmd;
    } else {
        exit(0);
    }

    print("End safe_run_cmd\n");
}   

eval{safe_run_cmd("bad_command")};
print(`ps aux | egrep open`);

print("-----\n");

eval{safe_run_cmd("echo good_command")};
print(`ps aux | egrep open`);

我调用函数 safe 因为我遵循 documentation.

中描述的内容

如果我运行我的脚本，我得到这个：

pierre 146161 21.0  0.0  21916  4548 pts/1    S+   14:32   0:00 perl open.pl
pierre 146163  0.0  0.0  21916  2816 pts/1    S+   14:32   0:00 perl open.pl
pierre 146164  0.0  0.0   4320   756 pts/1    S+   14:32   0:00 sh -c ps aux | egrep open
pierre 146166  0.0  0.0  12752  1008 pts/1    S+   14:32   0:00 grep -E open
-----
good_command
End safe_run_cmd
pierre 146161 10.5  0.0  21916  4548 pts/1    S+   14:32   0:00 perl open.pl
pierre 146163  0.0  0.0  21916  3516 pts/1    S+   14:32   0:00 perl open.pl
pierre 146168  0.0  0.0   4320   756 pts/1    S+   14:32   0:00 sh -c ps aux | egrep open
pierre 146170  0.0  0.0  12752   996 pts/1    S+   14:32   0:00 grep -E open
End safe_run_cmd
pierre 146161 10.5  0.0  21916  4744 pts/1    S+   14:32   0:00 perl open.pl
pierre 146171  0.0  0.0   4320   708 pts/1    S+   14:32   0:00 sh -c ps aux | egrep open
pierre 146173  0.0  0.0  12752  1008 pts/1    S+   14:32   0:00 grep -E open
-----
good_command
End safe_run_cmd
pierre 146161 10.5  0.0  21916  4744 pts/1    S+   14:32   0:00 perl open.pl
pierre 146175  0.0  0.0   4320   788 pts/1    S+   14:32   0:00 sh -c ps aux | egrep open
pierre 146177  0.0  0.0  12752  1012 pts/1    S+   14:32   0:00 grep -E open

我们可以看到，当我在运行执行错误命令后打印进程列表时，我有两个 perl 分支。当第一个结束时，第二个从 open 的调用继续。但是，当命令正确时，open 不会分叉。

我该怎么做才能避免这个分支（或管理它）并在命令错误时显示错误消息？

Answer 1

warnings FATAL => 'all' 的使用对 open 函数有副作用。事实上，如果 open 收到警告，它会立即死亡。所以，如果我从代码中删除它，我会得到正确的输出：

Cannot fork: No such file or directory
Cannot fork: No such file or directory
Cannot fork: No such file or directory
Cannot fork: No such file or directory
Cannot fork: No such file or directory
Cannot fork: No such file or directory
Cannot fork: No such file or directory
Cannot fork: No such file or directory
pierre 207725  2.3  0.0  21644  4432 pts/1    S+   15:28   0:00 perl open.pl
pierre 207750  0.0  0.0   4320   816 pts/1    S+   15:28   0:00 sh -c ps aux | egrep open
pierre 207752  0.0  0.0  12752   984 pts/1    S+   15:28   0:00 grep -E open
-----
good_command
End safe_run_cmd
pierre 207725  2.3  0.0  21644  4448 pts/1    S+   15:28   0:00 perl open.pl
pierre 207754  0.0  0.0   4320   748 pts/1    S+   15:28   0:00 sh -c ps aux | egrep open
pierre 207756  0.0  0.0  12752   996 pts/1    S+   15:28   0:00 grep -E open

要在命令不存在时自动死亡，可以使用 autodie 而不是 do 块：

sub safe_run_cmd {
    my ($cmd) = @_;
    my $pid;
    my $sleep_count;
    my $fcmd;

    use autodie;
    $pid = open($fcmd, "$cmd 2>&1 |");

    while ( my $line = <$fcmd> ) {
        print $line;
    }
    close $fcmd;

    print("End safe_run_cmd\n");
}

我得到：

pierre 211968 11.5  0.0  26544  7244 pts/1    S+   15:32   0:00 perl open.pl
pierre 211971  0.0  0.0   4320   768 pts/1    S+   15:32   0:00 sh -c ps aux | egrep open
pierre 211973  0.0  0.0  12752  1064 pts/1    S+   15:32   0:00 grep -E open
-----
good_command
End safe_run_cmd
pierre 211968 11.5  0.0  26544  7264 pts/1    S+   15:32   0:00 perl open.pl
pierre 211975  0.0  0.0   4320   792 pts/1    S+   15:32   0:00 sh -c ps aux | egrep open
pierre 211977  0.0  0.0  12752  1032 pts/1    S+   15:32   0:00 grep -E open

为什么在给定命令错误时打开函数分叉？

Why open function forks when the given command is wrong?

perl

fork

ipc