Windows 7 x64 Pro 上的 gawk 3.1.6-1 使用 system() 获取 0 return 代码，即使命令失败

Question

我正在运行在 Windows 上编写 gawk 脚本。很长一段时间以来，我一直在 Windows XP x86 上使用 gawk 3.1.4，一切正常。

我的环境已更改为 Windows 7 x64，现在 gawk 3.1.4 经常因致命错误而失败。

我已经更新到最新可用的 gawk 3.1.6-1 (https://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32/files/gawk/) --> 致命错误消失了 (yahoo)，但是一个非常奇怪的错误我遇到的行为：命令失败时无法获得非零 return 代码。

比如我调用

print "System return test: ";
system( "gawk --version");
myReturnCode = system( "exit 0");
print "1 returned: " myReturnCode;
myReturnCode = system( "exit 1");
print "2 returned: " myReturnCode;

结果是

System return test:
GNU Awk 3.1.6
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2007 Free Software Foundation.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
1 returned: 0
2 returned: 0

为什么2 returned: 0？？？以前的 gawk 版本 returns 1 正如预期的那样

System return test:
GNU Awk 3.1.4
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2003 Free Software Foundation.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
1 returned: 0
2 returned: 1

我所有的命令成功状态都被这个原因完全打破了。我需要非零 return 代码来表示 gawk 中失败的命令。

有人运行呆呆地看着 Windows 7 x64 吗？你有类似的东西吗？有什么办法可以解决这个问题吗？

UPD：给遇到同样问题并想尝试 Cygwin 的人的一些注意事项

感谢@EdMorton Cygwin 的 gawk.exe 使用理念。是的，一般来说它可以按预期在 Windows 7 x64 和 system( "exit 1") returns 1 上运行（请参阅下面的 MWE），但是从 3.1.6 到 Cygwin 的更新不是没有痛苦的。我在想我应该在我当前的 gawk-scripts-windows-world 中对抗它们，还是在 Python 3.[=29= 中重写]

这是 Cygwin 从批处理中调用 gawk 的最小工作示例，两个脚本：

REM awkTest.cmd
@echo off
set "exeGAWK=C:\cygwin64\bin\gawk.exe"
echo exeGAWK = "%exeGAWK%"

call "%exeGAWK%" -f "test.awk" nul

和

# test.awk
END\
{
    exeGAWK = ENVIRON[ "exeGAWK" ];

    print "Check version: ";

    print exeGAWK
    system( exeGAWK " --version");
    gsub(/\/, "/", exeGAWK)
    print exeGAWK
    system( exeGAWK " --version");


    print "Dir test: ";
    system( "dir " exeGAWK);

    print "System return test: ";
    myReturnCode = system( "exit 0");
    print "1 returned: " myReturnCode;
    myReturnCode = system( "exit 1");
    print "2 returned: " myReturnCode;
}

结果是

exeGAWK = "C:\cygwin64\bin\gawk.exe"
Check version:
C:\cygwin64\bin\gawk.exe
sh: C:cygwin64bingawk.exe: command not found
C:/cygwin64/bin/gawk.exe
GNU Awk 5.0.1, API: 2.0 (GNU MPFR 4.0.2, GNU MP 6.1.2)
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2019 Free Software Foundation.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
Dir test:
sh: dir: command not found
System return test:
1 returned: 0
2 returned: 1

明显的问题是

windows 路径中的正斜杠 \ 应转换为 /;
无法调用Windows系统dir命令。

Answer 1

这是一个示例，说明如何从 Windows 调用 cygwin 的 awk。在 Windows 中，以通常的方式将“.bash”文件后缀与 "bash.exe" 相关联（创建 "test.bash" 然后右键单击打开方式并找到 bash.exe 在你的 cygwin64 目录下），然后双击一个名为 "test.bash" 的文件，其中包含：

export HOME="/cygdrive/c/cygwin64/home/$USERNAME"
export PATH="$HOME:/usr/bin:$PATH"
. .bash_profile

# cd to the directory this script is in assuming you want it to run from there
dir="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
dir="C:${dir#/cygdrive/c}"
cd "$dir" || exit 1

awk 'BEGIN {
    print "System return test: ";
    system( "gawk --version");
    myReturnCode = system( "exit 0");
    print "1 returned: " myReturnCode;
    myReturnCode = system( "exit 1");
    print "2 returned: " myReturnCode;
}'

sleep 30

它会弹出 window 显示以下内容 30 秒：

System return test:
GNU Awk 5.0.1, API: 2.0 (GNU MPFR 4.0.2, GNU MP 6.1.2)
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2019 Free Software Foundation.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
1 returned: 0
2 returned: 1

另请参阅以了解如何执行相反的操作，即从 cygwin bash 脚本调用 Windows 命令 (Excel)。

Windows 7 x64 Pro 上的 gawk 3.1.6-1 使用 system() 获取 0 return 代码，即使命令失败

gawk 3.1.6-1 on Windows 7 x64 Pro gets 0 return code using system() even on failed commands

64-bit

awk

windows-7

windows-7-x64

UPD：给遇到同样问题并想尝试 Cygwin 的人的一些注意事项