如何在 OpenGL 上使立方体面不透明？

Question

我正在编写一个程序来在 OpenGL 上绘制立方体并在单击鼠标时连续旋转它。在特定角度，我能够看透立方体（透明）。我启用了深度测试，所以我不知道为什么会这样。我不确定我是否正确启用了它。

#include <math.h>
#include <vector>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <gl\glut.h>

using namespace std;


void myInit() {
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1);
    glOrtho(-2, 2, -2, 2, 2, -2);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}

float Cube[][3] = { {-1, -1, -1}, {1, -1, -1}, {1, 1, -1}, {-1, 1, -1}, {-1, -1, 1}, {1, -1, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, {-1, 1, 1} };
float Colors[][3] = { {0, 0, 0}, {1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1} };

int axis = 0, theta[3] = {0, 0, 0};

void draw_face (int a, int b, int c, int d) {
    glBegin(GL_QUADS);
        glColor3fv(Colors[a]);
        glVertex3fv(Cube[a]);
        glColor3fv(Colors[b]);
        glVertex3fv(Cube[b]);
        glColor3fv(Colors[c]);
        glVertex3fv(Cube[c]);
        glColor3fv(Colors[d]);
        glVertex3fv(Cube[d]);
    glEnd();
}

void draw_cube () {
    draw_face(0, 3, 2, 1);
    draw_face(2, 3, 7, 6);
    draw_face(0, 4, 7, 3);
    draw_face(1, 2, 6, 5);
    draw_face(4, 5, 6, 7);
    draw_face(0, 1, 5, 4);
}

void spin_cube() {
    theta[axis] += 2;
    if (theta[axis] > 360)
        theta[axis] = -360;
    glutPostRedisplay();
}

void idle_func() {
    Sleep(10);
    spin_cube();
}

void mouse_func(int button, int state, int x, int y) {
    if (button == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN)
        axis = 0;
    else if (button == GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN)
        axis = 1;
    else if (button == GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN)
        axis = 2;
}

void myDrawing() {
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    glPushMatrix();
    glRotatef(theta[0], 1, 0, 0);
    glRotatef(theta[1], 0, 1, 0);
    glRotatef(theta[2], 0, 0, 1);
    draw_cube();
    glPopMatrix();
    glFlush();
    glutSwapBuffers();
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB);
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);
    glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);
    glutCreateWindow("sample");
    glutDisplayFunc(myDrawing);
    glutIdleFunc(idle_func);
    glutMouseFunc(mouse_func);
    myInit();
    glutMainLoop();
}

Answer 1

多个问题：

您没有从 GLUT 请求深度缓冲区：
```
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB);
```
解决方案：或在 GLUT_DEPTH 中确保 GLUT 在 GL 上下文创建期间从 OS 请求一些深度缓冲区位：
```
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
```

您在 GLUT 创建 GL 上下文之前调用 glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)：

glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB);
// no GL context yet
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);

解决方案：将 glEnable() 移动到 glutCreateWindow() 之后，以便它有一个当前的 GL 上下文可以使用：

glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);
glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);
glutCreateWindow("sample");
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
...

您永远不会清除深度缓冲区：

void myDrawing() {
    // where's GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT?
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
    ...

解决方案：或在 GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT 中对您的 glClear() 参数：

glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

所有修复一起：

#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <GL/glut.h>

using namespace std;

void myInit() {
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    glClearColor(0, 0, 0, 1);
    glOrtho(-2, 2, -2, 2, 2, -2);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
}

float Cube[][3] = { {-1, -1, -1}, {1, -1, -1}, {1, 1, -1}, {-1, 1, -1}, {-1, -1, 1}, {1, -1, 1}, {1, 1, 1}, {-1, 1, 1} };
float Colors[][3] = { {0, 0, 0}, {1, 0, 0}, {0, 1, 0}, {0, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 1}, {1, 0, 1}, {1, 1, 1} };

int axis = 0, theta[3] = {0, 0, 0};

void draw_face (int a, int b, int c, int d) {
    glBegin(GL_QUADS);
        glColor3fv(Colors[a]);
        glVertex3fv(Cube[a]);
        glColor3fv(Colors[b]);
        glVertex3fv(Cube[b]);
        glColor3fv(Colors[c]);
        glVertex3fv(Cube[c]);
        glColor3fv(Colors[d]);
        glVertex3fv(Cube[d]);
    glEnd();
}

void draw_cube () {
    draw_face(0, 3, 2, 1);
    draw_face(2, 3, 7, 6);
    draw_face(0, 4, 7, 3);
    draw_face(1, 2, 6, 5);
    draw_face(4, 5, 6, 7);
    draw_face(0, 1, 5, 4);
}

void spin_cube() {
    theta[axis] += 2;
    if (theta[axis] > 360)
        theta[axis] = -360;
    glutPostRedisplay();
}

void idle_func() {
    Sleep(10);
    spin_cube();
}

void mouse_func(int button, int state, int x, int y) {
    if (button == GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN)
        axis = 0;
    else if (button == GLUT_MIDDLE_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN)
        axis = 1;
    else if (button == GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON && state == GLUT_DOWN)
        axis = 2;
}

void myDrawing() {
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    glPushMatrix();
    glRotatef(theta[0], 1, 0, 0);
    glRotatef(theta[1], 0, 1, 0);
    glRotatef(theta[2], 0, 0, 1);
    draw_cube();
    glPopMatrix();
    glFlush();
    glutSwapBuffers();
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    glutInit(&argc, argv);
    glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH);
    glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);
    glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);
    glutCreateWindow("sample");
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    glutDisplayFunc(myDrawing);
    glutIdleFunc(idle_func);
    glutMouseFunc(mouse_func);
    myInit();
    glutMainLoop();
}

如何在 OpenGL 上使立方体面不透明？

How do I make cube faces opaque on OpenGL?

c++

opengl

glut

depth-testing