mingw32-gcc 编译 Cython 输出：pyconfig.h 的未知多体系结构位置（和其他警告）

Question

我正在尝试为 Linux 和 Windows 制作我的 python 应用程序的可执行文件，但是 Windows 构建过程失败了。

这是我的 Makefile：

all: transpile compile-linux compile-w64

transpile: main.py
    cython --embed -3 -o main.c main.py

compile-linux: main.c
    gcc -I/usr/include/python3.7 -o main main.c -lpython3.7m -lpthread -lm -lutil -ldl

compile-w32: main.c
    i686-w64-mingw32-gcc -o main-x86.exe main.c -lpython3.7m -lpthread -lm -lutil -ldl -I/usr/include/python3.7m

compile-w64: main.c
    x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -o main-x64.exe main.c -lpython3.7m -lpthread -lm -lutil -ldl -I/usr/include/python3.7m

(all中没有提到compile-w32因为我还没有用，以后准备试试。)

当我尝试编译代码时，这是 makefile/mingw32-gcc 输出。 linux 版本编译没有任何问题（我已经运行它一次并且运行良好），但是 windows x86_64 显示了很多错误和警告：

cython --embed -3 -o main.c main.py
gcc -I/usr/include/python3.7 -o main main.c -lpython3.7m -lpthread -lm -lutil -ldl
x86_64-w64-mingw32-gcc -o main-x64.exe main.c -lpython3.7m -lpthread -lm -lutil -ldl -I/usr/include/python3.7m
In file included from /usr/include/python3.7m/Python.h:8,
                 from main.c:4:
/usr/include/python3.7m/pyconfig.h:104:3: error: #error unknown multiarch location for pyconfig.h
  104 | # error unknown multiarch location for pyconfig.h
      |   ^~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/python3.7m/pyport.h:4,
                 from /usr/include/python3.7m/Python.h:63,
                 from main.c:4:
/usr/include/python3.7m/pyconfig.h:104:3: error: #error unknown multiarch location for pyconfig.h
  104 | # error unknown multiarch location for pyconfig.h
      |   ^~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/python3.7m/pymath.h:4,
                 from /usr/include/python3.7m/Python.h:86,
                 from main.c:4:
/usr/include/python3.7m/pyconfig.h:104:3: error: #error unknown multiarch location for pyconfig.h
  104 | # error unknown multiarch location for pyconfig.h
      |   ^~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/python3.7m/pytime.h:5,
                 from /usr/include/python3.7m/Python.h:87,
                 from main.c:4:
/usr/include/python3.7m/pyconfig.h:104:3: error: #error unknown multiarch location for pyconfig.h
  104 | # error unknown multiarch location for pyconfig.h
      |   ^~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/python3.7m/Python.h:99,
                 from main.c:4:
/usr/include/python3.7m/unicodeobject.h:68:2: error: #error Must define SIZEOF_WCHAR_T
   68 | #error Must define SIZEOF_WCHAR_T
      |  ^~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/python3.7m/pystate.h:11,
                 from /usr/include/python3.7m/traceback.h:8,
                 from /usr/include/python3.7m/Python.h:119,
                 from main.c:4:
/usr/include/python3.7m/pythread.h:122:5: error: #error "Require native threads. See https://bugs.python.org/issue31370"
  122 | #   error "Require native threads. See https://bugs.python.org/issue31370"
      |     ^~~~~
/usr/include/python3.7m/pythread.h:131:5: error: unknown type name ‘NATIVE_TSS_KEY_T’
  131 |     NATIVE_TSS_KEY_T _key;
      |     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/python3.7m/Python.h:156,
                 from main.c:4:
/usr/include/python3.7m/fileutils.h:95:27: warning: ‘struct stat’ declared inside parameter list will not be visible outside of this definition or declaration
   95 | #  define _Py_stat_struct stat
      |                           ^~~~
/usr/include/python3.7m/fileutils.h:100:12: note: in expansion of macro ‘_Py_stat_struct’
  100 |     struct _Py_stat_struct *status);
      |            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/python3.7m/fileutils.h:95:27: warning: ‘struct stat’ declared inside parameter list will not be visible outside of this definition or declaration
   95 | #  define _Py_stat_struct stat
      |                           ^~~~
/usr/include/python3.7m/fileutils.h:104:12: note: in expansion of macro ‘_Py_stat_struct’
  104 |     struct _Py_stat_struct *status);
      |            ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/usr/include/python3.7m/fileutils.h:108:12: warning: ‘struct stat’ declared inside parameter list will not be visible outside of this definition or declaration
  108 |     struct stat *status);
      |            ^~~~
make: *** [Makefile:13: compile-w64] Error 1

我已经尝试过 this page 的解决方案（使用 CFLAGS），但没有用。

如果需要，其余代码（包括 main.py 文件）是 here.

Answer 1

您不能在 MinGW 中使用 /usr/include 和 /usr/lib(64)。这些位置包含为您的 Linux 系统配置和编译的软件。

相反，当使用 MinGW 为 Windows 交叉编译应用程序时，您需要使用 link 将其编译为为 Windows.[=14= 构建的库]

一些 Linux 发行版可能包含一个包 mingw64-python3-devel（或类似的），其中包含必要的 Python 头文件和库文件。如果你的发行版没有提供那种包，你需要自己用 MinGW 编译 Python。 EDIT: 显然，交叉编译Python 本身使用 MinGW 是 no longer supported.

mingw32-gcc 编译 Cython 输出：pyconfig.h 的未知多体系结构位置（和其他警告）

mingw32-gcc compiling Cython output: unknown multiarch location for pyconfig.h (and other warnings)

c

python

gcc

mingw

mingw-w64