Python 有趣的是，libtidy 抛出的异常无法捕获
Python exception thrown by libtidy is amusingly impossible to catch
我正在尝试使用 tidylib 中的 tidy_document() 函数将 html 文档格式化为 xhtml 然后我才能 post 它在某个地方和一个堆栈向上几步，抛出异常。代码被包裹在一个 try...except 块中，包含大约 3 个更通用的 except 语句，以将我的网络撒得更广，但无论如何异常都会通过它们传播 none正在执行的 except 个正文中的代码。
违规代码：
from tidylib import tidy_document
...
try:
xhtmlDoc, errors = tidy_document(htmlContent)
except UnicodeDecodeError as ude:
print("Caught the exception")
except UnicodeError as ue:
print("Caught the exception")
except Exception as ex:
print("Caught the exception")
except:
print("Caught the exception")
无论 htmlContent 是以 str 形式发送还是以 utf-8 byte 形式编码都无关紧要。
生成的堆栈跟踪如下：
File "_ctypes/callbacks.c", line 232, in 'calling callback function'
File "/home/legend855/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tidylib/sink.py", line 79, in put_byte
write_func(byte.decode('utf-8'))
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xe7 in position 0: unexpected end of data
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "_ctypes/callbacks.c", line 232, in 'calling callback function'
File "/home/legend855/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tidylib/sink.py", line 79, in put_byte
write_func(byte.decode('utf-8'))
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xaa in position 0: invalid start byte
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "_ctypes/callbacks.c", line 232, in 'calling callback function'
File "/home/legend855/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tidylib/sink.py", line 79, in put_byte
write_func(byte.decode('utf-8'))
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xb6 in position 0: invalid start byte
将 sink.py 中的有问题的行包装在 try...except 中可以解决问题，但根据我的理解，这不应该是图书馆的工作。客户端（我的代码）应该能够根据需要处理异常，目前，我不明白为什么我不能。 None 我的 except 主体中的打印语句曾经被执行过。
p.s。我对调用函数执行了 return 假值，以从进一步处理中删除记录，但我已将代码减少到重现错误所需的最低限度。
下面的 html 片段是以 str 或 byte 格式作为变量 htmlContent 传递并触发异常的内容。
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我设法在 Win 上重现了该问题（将 HTML 片段保存在文件中）。下面是最后一个代码变体。
code00.py:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import os
import threading
os.environ["PATH"] += os.pathsep + os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)) # Built tidy.dll in the cwd, this is needed for it to be found
from tidylib import tidy_document
def main(*argv):
print("main - TID: {0:d}".format(threading.get_ident()))
mode = "rb"
raw_content = open("content.html", mode=mode).read()
enc = "utf-8" if len(sys.argv) < 2 else sys.argv[1]
html_content = raw_content.decode(enc)
print(html_content.encode(enc) == raw_content)
with open("content_utf8.html", "w", encoding=enc) as fout:
fout.write(html_content)
try:
xhtml_doc, errors = tidy_document(html_content)
except UnicodeDecodeError as ude:
print("Caught the exception:", ude)
except UnicodeError as ue:
print("Caught the exception:", ue)
except Exception as ex:
print("Caught the exception:", ex)
except:
print("Caught an exception")
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("Python {0:s} {1:d}bit on {2:s}\n".format(" ".join(item.strip() for item in sys.version.split("\n")), 64 if sys.maxsize > 0x100000000 else 32, sys.platform))
rc = main(*sys.argv[1:])
print("\nDone.")
sys.exit(rc)
输出:
[cfati@CFATI-5510-0:e:\Work\Dev\Whosebug\q059054833]> "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_pc064_03.08.07_test0\Scripts\python.exe" code00.py
Python 3.8.7 (tags/v3.8.7:6503f05, Dec 21 2020, 17:59:51) [MSC v.1928 64 bit (AMD64)] 64bit on win32
main - TID: 9528
True
Exception ignored on calling ctypes callback function: <function Sink.__init__.<locals>.put_byte at 0x000002144F596940>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_pc064_03.08.07_test0\lib\site-packages\tidylib\sink.py", line 79, in put_byte
write_func(byte.decode('utf-8'))
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xe7 in position 0: unexpected end of data
Exception ignored on calling ctypes callback function: <function Sink.__init__.<locals>.put_byte at 0x000002144F596940>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_pc064_03.08.07_test0\lib\site-packages\tidylib\sink.py", line 79, in put_byte
write_func(byte.decode('utf-8'))
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xaa in position 0: invalid start byte
Exception ignored on calling ctypes callback function: <function Sink.__init__.<locals>.put_byte at 0x000002144F596940>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_pc064_03.08.07_test0\lib\site-packages\tidylib\sink.py", line 79, in put_byte
write_func(byte.decode('utf-8'))
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xb6 in position 0: invalid start byte
Done.
我测试了（临时修改sink.py），确实是同一个线程。然后，我仔细查看了堆栈跟踪，并弄清楚了：
- PyTidyLib 从后端 Tidy 库调用一些 C 代码（tidy.dll), 通过 CTypes
- （以上）C代码调用了一些Python代码（Sink.put_byte ), 作为与参数一起传递给它的回调
- 上一步的 (Python) 代码引发异常，但基础 C代码（调用它的）不“知道”如何将它传递回 #1.，因为它没有 Python 任何“知识”（所以异常“死”在那里）
这就是为什么你无法在 Python.
中捕捉到它的原因
我尝试读取其他不同编码的文件，但没有成功。然后我又做了一些调试，好像有 3 个无效的 UTF-8 字符 (\x07, \xAA , \xB6 - 当与其他文件组合时）在你的文件中。
当然，尝试从单个字节解码 UTF-8 字符对我来说似乎很奇怪，但这可能是 PyTidyLib 错误。
更新#0
因为我不得不构建 tidy.dll（因为我不想开始 Lnx VMs 或在 Cygwin 下安装 .whl 来做所有测试，我也上传了它（和其他工件）到 [GitHub]: CristiFati/Prebuilt-Binaries - Prebuilt-Binaries/HTML-Tidy/v5.7.28.
我正在尝试使用 tidylib 中的 tidy_document() 函数将 html 文档格式化为 xhtml 然后我才能 post 它在某个地方和一个堆栈向上几步，抛出异常。代码被包裹在一个 try...except 块中，包含大约 3 个更通用的 except 语句，以将我的网络撒得更广，但无论如何异常都会通过它们传播 none正在执行的 except 个正文中的代码。
违规代码：
from tidylib import tidy_document
...
try:
xhtmlDoc, errors = tidy_document(htmlContent)
except UnicodeDecodeError as ude:
print("Caught the exception")
except UnicodeError as ue:
print("Caught the exception")
except Exception as ex:
print("Caught the exception")
except:
print("Caught the exception")
无论 htmlContent 是以 str 形式发送还是以 utf-8 byte 形式编码都无关紧要。
生成的堆栈跟踪如下：
File "_ctypes/callbacks.c", line 232, in 'calling callback function'
File "/home/legend855/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tidylib/sink.py", line 79, in put_byte
write_func(byte.decode('utf-8'))
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xe7 in position 0: unexpected end of data
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "_ctypes/callbacks.c", line 232, in 'calling callback function'
File "/home/legend855/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tidylib/sink.py", line 79, in put_byte
write_func(byte.decode('utf-8'))
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xaa in position 0: invalid start byte
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "_ctypes/callbacks.c", line 232, in 'calling callback function'
File "/home/legend855/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tidylib/sink.py", line 79, in put_byte
write_func(byte.decode('utf-8'))
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xb6 in position 0: invalid start byte
将 sink.py 中的有问题的行包装在 try...except 中可以解决问题，但根据我的理解，这不应该是图书馆的工作。客户端（我的代码）应该能够根据需要处理异常，目前，我不明白为什么我不能。 None 我的 except 主体中的打印语句曾经被执行过。
p.s。我对调用函数执行了 return 假值，以从进一步处理中删除记录，但我已将代码减少到重现错误所需的最低限度。
下面的 html 片段是以 str 或 byte 格式作为变量 htmlContent 传递并触发异常的内容。
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" lang="ja" xml:lang="ja">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=8 ; IE=9" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="ja" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=1024, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0">
<meta property="og:title" content="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS（テクノロジー メイクス ハピネス）- 先端地図技術が創るスマートライフ -｜ゼンリン" />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<meta property="og:description" content="ゼンリンが地図を制作する過程で培われた技術をアニメーションや解説を用いて紹介する特設サイトです。" />
<meta property="og:url" content="http://www.zenrin.co.jp/create/technology/index.html" />
<meta property="og:image" content="http://www.zenrin.co.jp/create/technology/images/ogp_image.jpg" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS（テクノロジー メイクス ハピネス）- 先端地図技術が創るスマートライフ -｜ゼンリン" />
<meta property="og:locale" content="ja_JP" />
<meta property="fb:app_id" content="248887565152095" />
<meta property="title" content="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS 先端地図技術が創るスマートライフ - ゼンリン" />
<meta property="description" content="ビッグデータの世界を拓くゼンリンの先端技術で実現する“しあわせ”をご紹介します。" />
<meta property="keywords" content="地図,住宅地図,カーナビソフト,GIS,ゼンリン,zenrin,map,地図ソフト,デジタルマップ" />
<title>TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS 先端地図技術が創るスマートライフ - ゼンリン</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="common/css/common.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="common/js/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="common/js/lib.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="common/js/zenrin.js"></script>
</head>
<body style="overflow:hidden;">
<noscript>
<div class="noscript">
<p>現在JavaScriptがOFFに設定されています。ゼンリンのすべての機能を使用するためには、JavaScriptの設定をONに変更してください。</p>
</div>
</noscript>
<div id="preloaderWrp">
<p id="preloader">
<img src="common/img/splash.gif" width="558" height="45">
<img src="common/img/animation/preloader.gif" height="32" width="32" class="spinner">
</p>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
PreLoader.init();
</script>
<div id="spec_lightbox" class="lb_fit">
<div class="inner lb_fit">
<div class="modal_window">
<p>
<img src="common/img/spec_img.gif" alt="ご利用環境について" />
<a class="closebtn" href="#">閉じる</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="light_box">
<div class="inner">
<div id="lb_bg"></div>
<div id="modal_window">
<div class="inner">
<div id="spec_area">
<img src="common/img/space.gif" id="info_spec" />
</div>
<div id="aniamtion_area">
<img src="common/img/space.gif" id="info_anima" />
<div class="preloader">
<img src="common/img/animation/preloader.gif" height="32" width="32">
</div>
</div>
<div id="last_area">
<div id="net1_title">
<img src="common/img/navi/happiness1.png" height="70" width="690" alt="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS 歩行者ネットワークが実現するしあわせ" />
</div>
<div id="net2_title">
<img src="common/img/navi/happiness2.png" height="70" width="690" alt="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS 自動車ネットワークが実現するしあわせ" />
</div>
<div id="net3_title">
<img src="common/img/navi/happiness3.png" height="70" width="690" alt="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS 付随情報が実現するしあわせ" />
</div>
<div id="lib1_title">
<img src="common/img/navi/happiness4.png" height="70" width="690" alt="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS 高精度到着地点情報が実現するしあわせ" />
</div>
<div id="lib2_title">
<img src="common/img/navi/happiness5.png" height="70" width="690" alt="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS 注記情報が実現するしあわせ" />
</div>
<div id="lib3_title">
<img src="common/img/navi/happiness6.png" height="70" width="690" alt="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS 施設内・地下情報が実現するしあわせ" />
</div>
<div id="lib4_title">
<img src="common/img/navi/happiness7.png" height="70" width="690" alt="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS 3次元コンテンツが実現するしあわせ" />
</div>
<div id="map1_title">
<img src="common/img/navi/happiness8.png" height="70" width="690" alt="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS 地図データ提供技術が実現するしあわせ" />
</div>
<div id="mak1_title">
<img src="common/img/navi/happiness15.png" height="70" width="690" alt="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS マーケティング支援が実現するしあわせ" />
</div>
<div id="route_title">
<img src="common/img/navi/happiness10.png" height="70" width="690" alt="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS 最適ルート案内を実現する技術" />
</div>
<div id="adas_title">
<img src="common/img/navi/happiness11.png" height="70" width="690" alt="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS 自動車の安全運転支援を実現する技術" />
</div>
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<img src="common/img/navi/happiness12.png" height="70" width="690" alt="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS ドアtoドアの誘導を実現する技術" />
</div>
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<img src="common/img/navi/happiness13.png" height="70" width="690" alt="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS 事故・災害時の活用を実現する技術" />
</div>
<div id="area_title">
<img src="common/img/navi/happiness14.png" height="70" width="690" alt="TECHNOLOGY MAKES HAPPINESS 営業活動支援を実現する技術" />
</div>
<ul>
<li id="net1Btn">
<a href="#network1_lightBox" class="trk_last_network1">
<img src="common/img/navi/btn1.jpg" height="300" width="340" alt="歩行者ネットワーク" />
</a>
</li>
<li id="net2Btn">
<a href="#network2_lightBox" class="trk_last_network2">
<img src="common/img/navi/btn2.jpg" height="300" width="340" alt="自動車ネットワーク" />
</a>
</li>
<li id="net3Btn">
<a href="#network3_lightBox" class="trk_last_network3">
<img src="common/img/navi/btn3.jpg" height="300" width="340" alt="付随情報" />
</a>
</li>
<li id="lib1Btn">
<a href="#lib1_lightBox" class="trk_last_lib1">
<img src="common/img/navi/btn4.jpg" height="300" width="340" alt="高精度到着地点情報" />
</a>
</li>
<li id="lib2Btn">
<a href="#lib3_lightBox" class="trk_last_lib3">
<img src="common/img/navi/btn5.jpg" height="300" width="340" alt="施設内・地下情報" />
</a>
</li>
<li id="lib3Btn">
<a href="#lib2_lightBox" class="trk_last_lib2">
<img src="common/img/navi/btn6.jpg" height="300" width="340" alt="注記情報" />
</a>
</li>
<li id="map1Btn">
<a href="#map1_lightBox" class="trk_last_map1">
<img src="common/img/navi/btn7.jpg" height="300" width="340" alt="地図データ提供技術" />
</a>
</li>
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<a href="#mak1_lightBox" class="trk_last_mak1">
<img src="common/img/navi/btn8.jpg" height="300" width="340" alt="マーケティング支援" />
</a>
</li>
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<a href="#route_lightBox" class="trk_last_route">
<img src="common/img/navi/btn21.jpg" height="300" width="340" alt="最適ルート案内" />
</a>
</li>
<li id="adasBtn">
<a href="#adas_lightBox" class="trk_last_adas">
<img src="common/img/navi/btn22.jpg" height="300" width="340" alt="自動車の安全運転支援" />
</a>
</li>
<li id="multiBtn">
<a href="#multi_lightBox" class="trk_last_multi">
<img src="common/img/navi/btn23.jpg" height="300" width="340" alt="ドアtoドアの誘導" />
</a>
</li>
<li id="hazardBtn">
<a href="#hazard_lightBox" class="trk_last_hazard">
<img src="common/img/navi/btn24.jpg" height="300" width="340" alt="災害時の活用" />
</a>
</li>
<li id="areaBtn">
<a href="#area_lightBox" class="trk_last_area">
<img src="common/img/navi/btn25.jpg" height="300" width="340" alt="営業活動支援" />
</a>
</li>
<li id="modal_close_Btn">
<a href="#modal_close">
<img src="common/img/modal_close_btn.png" height="132" width="122">
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="trigger_area">
<div class="trigger_inner">
<div id="info_txt_wrp">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="730" height="150">
<tr>
<td id="info_txt"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<div id="more_trigger">
<a href="#" class="trk_more">
<div></div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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我设法在 Win 上重现了该问题（将 HTML 片段保存在文件中）。下面是最后一个代码变体。
code00.py:
#!/usr/bin/env python
import sys
import os
import threading
os.environ["PATH"] += os.pathsep + os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)) # Built tidy.dll in the cwd, this is needed for it to be found
from tidylib import tidy_document
def main(*argv):
print("main - TID: {0:d}".format(threading.get_ident()))
mode = "rb"
raw_content = open("content.html", mode=mode).read()
enc = "utf-8" if len(sys.argv) < 2 else sys.argv[1]
html_content = raw_content.decode(enc)
print(html_content.encode(enc) == raw_content)
with open("content_utf8.html", "w", encoding=enc) as fout:
fout.write(html_content)
try:
xhtml_doc, errors = tidy_document(html_content)
except UnicodeDecodeError as ude:
print("Caught the exception:", ude)
except UnicodeError as ue:
print("Caught the exception:", ue)
except Exception as ex:
print("Caught the exception:", ex)
except:
print("Caught an exception")
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("Python {0:s} {1:d}bit on {2:s}\n".format(" ".join(item.strip() for item in sys.version.split("\n")), 64 if sys.maxsize > 0x100000000 else 32, sys.platform))
rc = main(*sys.argv[1:])
print("\nDone.")
sys.exit(rc)
输出:
[cfati@CFATI-5510-0:e:\Work\Dev\Whosebug\q059054833]> "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_pc064_03.08.07_test0\Scripts\python.exe" code00.py Python 3.8.7 (tags/v3.8.7:6503f05, Dec 21 2020, 17:59:51) [MSC v.1928 64 bit (AMD64)] 64bit on win32 main - TID: 9528 True Exception ignored on calling ctypes callback function: <function Sink.__init__.<locals>.put_byte at 0x000002144F596940> Traceback (most recent call last): File "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_pc064_03.08.07_test0\lib\site-packages\tidylib\sink.py", line 79, in put_byte write_func(byte.decode('utf-8')) UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xe7 in position 0: unexpected end of data Exception ignored on calling ctypes callback function: <function Sink.__init__.<locals>.put_byte at 0x000002144F596940> Traceback (most recent call last): File "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_pc064_03.08.07_test0\lib\site-packages\tidylib\sink.py", line 79, in put_byte write_func(byte.decode('utf-8')) UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xaa in position 0: invalid start byte Exception ignored on calling ctypes callback function: <function Sink.__init__.<locals>.put_byte at 0x000002144F596940> Traceback (most recent call last): File "e:\Work\Dev\VEnvs\py_pc064_03.08.07_test0\lib\site-packages\tidylib\sink.py", line 79, in put_byte write_func(byte.decode('utf-8')) UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xb6 in position 0: invalid start byte Done.
我测试了（临时修改sink.py），确实是同一个线程。然后，我仔细查看了堆栈跟踪，并弄清楚了：
- PyTidyLib 从后端 Tidy 库调用一些 C 代码（tidy.dll), 通过 CTypes
- （以上）C代码调用了一些Python代码（Sink.put_byte ), 作为与参数一起传递给它的回调
- 上一步的 (Python) 代码引发异常，但基础 C代码（调用它的）不“知道”如何将它传递回 #1.，因为它没有 Python 任何“知识”（所以异常“死”在那里）
这就是为什么你无法在 Python.
中捕捉到它的原因我尝试读取其他不同编码的文件，但没有成功。然后我又做了一些调试，好像有 3 个无效的 UTF-8 字符 (\x07, \xAA , \xB6 - 当与其他文件组合时）在你的文件中。
当然，尝试从单个字节解码 UTF-8 字符对我来说似乎很奇怪，但这可能是 PyTidyLib 错误。
更新#0
因为我不得不构建 tidy.dll（因为我不想开始 Lnx VMs 或在 Cygwin 下安装 .whl 来做所有测试，我也上传了它（和其他工件）到 [GitHub]: CristiFati/Prebuilt-Binaries - Prebuilt-Binaries/HTML-Tidy/v5.7.28.