Buildroot + U-Boot + Rpi4：错误 zImage Bad Magic
Buildroot + U-Boot + Rpi4 : Error zImage Bad Magic
我正在做一个项目，我想用 U-Boot 创建我自己的嵌入式 linux。因此，我正在使用我最近开始学习的 buildroot。在成功创建我自己的 rasberrypi4_defconfig 之后，我目前正在努力解决让 u-boot 正常工作的问题。
我使用的是什么版本：
- Rpi 4
- buildroot-2019.11
- u-boot（因此我每天都拉新的变化）
工作现状：
我基于 Ubuntu（32 位）构建。我使用 raspberrypi4_defconfig 配置 buildroot 并使其保持不变。然后我为 rpi_4_32b_defconfig 创建一个 u-boot defconfig 并用 make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- u-boot.bin 创建 u-boot.bin
现在我的下一步是配置 config.txt 并将内容与以下内容交换：
enalbe_uart=1
kernel=u-boot.bin
此外，我将我的 u-boot.bin 复制到我的 sd 卡中。
我实际做的最后一步是使用以下内容构建我自己的 boot.scr.uimg
fatload mmc O:1 ${fdt_addr_r} bcm2711-rpi-4-b.dtb
fatload mmc 0:1 ${kernel_addr_r} Image.4.8
setenv bootargs console=ttyS0, 115200 \
root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 rootwait rw
bootz ${kernel_addr_r} - ${fdt_addr_r}
问题
到目前为止，我正在努力访问 U-boot 菜单，但在启动时出现错误：zimage Bad Magic
我实际上认为我的 boot.scr.uimg 可能不正确，但不明白。
开机日志
调用启动后打印如下：
U-Boot 2020.01-rc4-00066-g7e5ee346fc (Dec 05 2019 - 16:55:27 +0100)
DRAM: 948 MiB
RPI 4 Model B (0xc03111)
MMC: emmc2@7e340000: 0, mmcnr@7e300000: 1
Loading Environment from FAT... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: Net Initialization Skipped
No ethernet found.
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
switch to partitions #0, OK
mmc0 is current device
Scanning mmc 0:1...
Found U-Boot script /boot.scr.uimg
291 bytes read in 17 ms (16.6 KiB/s)
## Executing script at 02400000
40559 bytes read in 33 ms (1.2 MiB/s)
zimage: Bad magic!
SCRIPT FAILED: continuing...
40559 bytes read in 29 ms (1.3 MiB/s)
Card did not respond to voltage select!
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: pxeuuid
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/00000000
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0000000
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/000000
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/00000
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0000
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/000
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/00
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/default-arm-bcm283x-rpi
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/default-arm-bcm283x
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/default-arm
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/default
No ethernet found.
Config file not found
No ethernet found.
No ethernet found.
环境
arch=arm
baudrate=115200
board=rpi
board_name=4 Model B
board_rev=0x11
board_rev_scheme=1
board_revision=0xC03111
boot_a_script=load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${scriptaddr} ${prefix}${script}; source ${scriptaddr}
boot_efi_binary=if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi bootmgr ${fdt_addr_r};else bootefi bootmgr ${fdtcontroladdr};fi;load ${devty
pe} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${kernel_addr_r} efi/boot/bootarm.efi; if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${f
dt_addr_r};else bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdtcontroladdr};fi
boot_extlinux=sysboot ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} any ${scriptaddr} ${prefix}${boot_syslinux_conf}
boot_prefixes=/ /boot/
boot_script_dhcp=boot.scr.uimg
boot_scripts=boot.scr.uimg boot.scr
boot_syslinux_conf=extlinux/extlinux.conf
boot_targets=mmc0 mmc1 pxe dhcp
bootargs=console=ttyS0,115200 \
root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 rootwait rw
bootcmd=run distro_bootcmd
bootcmd_dhcp=if dhcp ${scriptaddr} ${boot_script_dhcp}; then source ${scriptaddr}; fi;setenv efi_fdtfile ${fdtfile}; if test -z "${f
dtfile}" -a -n "${soc}"; then setenv efi_fdtfile ${soc}-${board}${boardver}.dtb; fi; setenv efi_old_vci ${bootp_vci};setenv efi_old_
arch ${bootp_arch};setenv bootp_vci PXEClient:Arch:00010:UNDI:003000;setenv bootp_arch 0xa;if dhcp ${kernel_addr_r}; then tftpboot $
{fdt_addr_r} dtb/${efi_fdtfile};if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdt_addr_r}; else bootefi ${kernel_addr_r
} ${fdtcontroladdr};fi;fi;setenv bootp_vci ${efi_old_vci};setenv bootp_arch ${efi_old_arch};setenv efi_fdtfile;setenv efi_old_arch;s
etenv efi_old_vci;
bootcmd_mmc0=devnum=0; run mmc_boot
bootcmd_mmc1=devnum=1; run mmc_boot
bootcmd_pxe=dhcp; if pxe get; then pxe boot; fi
bootdelay=2
bootfstype=fat
cpu=armv7
dhcpuboot=usb start; dhcp u-boot.uimg; bootm
distro_bootcmd=for target in ${boot_targets}; do run bootcmd_${target}; done
efi_dtb_prefixes=/ /dtb/ /dtb/current/
ethaddr=dc:a6:32:45:1f:d1
fdt_addr=2eff5d00
fdt_addr_r=0x02600000
fdt_high=ffffffff
fdtcontroladdr=3af6ac98
fdtfile=bcm2711-rpi-4-b.dtb
fileaddr=2600000
filesize=9e6f
initrd_high=ffffffff
kernel_addr_r=0x00080000
load_efi_dtb=load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${fdt_addr_r} ${prefix}${efi_fdtfile}
loadaddr=0x00200000
mmc_boot=if mmc dev ${devnum}; then devtype=mmc; run scan_dev_for_boot_part; fi
pxefile_addr_r=0x02500000
ramdisk_addr_r=0x02700000
scan_dev_for_boot=echo Scanning ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart}...; for prefix in ${boot_prefixes}; do run scan_dev_for_extlinux; run scan_dev_for_scripts; done;run scan_dev_for_efi;
scan_dev_for_boot_part=part list ${devtype} ${devnum} -bootable devplist; env exists devplist || setenv devplist 1; for distro_bootpart in ${devplist}; do if fstype ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} bootfstype; then run scan_dev_for_boot; fi; done; setenv devplist
scan_dev_for_efi=setenv efi_fdtfile ${fdtfile}; if test -z "${fdtfile}" -a -n "${soc}"; then setenv efi_fdtfile ${soc}-${board}${boardver}.dtb; fi; for prefix in ${efi_dtb_prefixes}; do if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}${efi_fdtfile}; then run load_efi_dtb; fi;done;if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} efi/boot/bootarm.efi; then echo Found EFI removable media binary efi/boot/bootarm.efi; run boot_efi_binary; echo EFI LOAD FAILED: continuing...; fi; setenv efi_fdtfile
scan_dev_for_extlinux=if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}${boot_syslinux_conf}; then echo Found ${prefix}${boot_syslinux_conf}; run boot_extlinux; echo SCRIPT FAILED: continuing...; fi
scan_dev_for_scripts=for script in ${boot_scripts}; do if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}${script}; then echo Found U-Boot script ${prefix}${script}; run boot_a_script; echo SCRIPT FAILED: continuing...; fi; done
scriptaddr=0x02400000
serial#=10000000f58b842c
soc=bcm283x
stderr=serial,vidconsole
stdin=serial,usbkbd
stdout=serial,vidconsole
usbethaddr=dc:a6:32:45:1f:d1
vendor=raspberrypi
Environment size: 3996/16380 bytes
So far i am archieving to reach the U-boot menu but on booting i get the error: zimage Bad Magic I actually thing that my boot.scr.uimg is maybe not correct but dont get it.
该错误消息可追溯到您的 boot.scr.uimg 的内容：
fatload mmc 0:1 ${kernel_addr_r} Image.4.8
...
bootz ${kernel_addr_r} - ${fdt_addr_r}
bootz 命令需要 zImage 文件位于第一个内存地址。
但是先前的 fatload 命令已将名为 Image.4.8 的文件复制到内存中。
按照惯例，Image 文件是通用的 Linux 内核二进制映像文件，而 zImage 文件是 Linux 自解压的内核映像。
您需要将构建的 zImage（而不是 Image 文件）安装到 SD 卡。编辑您的 boot.scr.uimg 以指示正确的文件 type/name.
附录
U-Boot 确实有一个用于通用 Linux 内核二进制 Image 文件的 booti 命令，但该命令是仅适用于 ARM64，例如内置帮助文本是 boot arm64 Linux Image image from memory.
参见 the patch that configures that command。
我正在做一个项目，我想用 U-Boot 创建我自己的嵌入式 linux。因此，我正在使用我最近开始学习的 buildroot。在成功创建我自己的 rasberrypi4_defconfig 之后，我目前正在努力解决让 u-boot 正常工作的问题。
我使用的是什么版本：
- Rpi 4
- buildroot-2019.11
- u-boot（因此我每天都拉新的变化）
工作现状：
我基于 Ubuntu（32 位）构建。我使用 raspberrypi4_defconfig 配置 buildroot 并使其保持不变。然后我为 rpi_4_32b_defconfig 创建一个 u-boot defconfig 并用 make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- u-boot.bin 创建 u-boot.bin
现在我的下一步是配置 config.txt 并将内容与以下内容交换：
enalbe_uart=1
kernel=u-boot.bin
此外，我将我的 u-boot.bin 复制到我的 sd 卡中。
我实际做的最后一步是使用以下内容构建我自己的 boot.scr.uimg
fatload mmc O:1 ${fdt_addr_r} bcm2711-rpi-4-b.dtb
fatload mmc 0:1 ${kernel_addr_r} Image.4.8
setenv bootargs console=ttyS0, 115200 \
root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 rootwait rw
bootz ${kernel_addr_r} - ${fdt_addr_r}
问题 到目前为止，我正在努力访问 U-boot 菜单，但在启动时出现错误：zimage Bad Magic 我实际上认为我的 boot.scr.uimg 可能不正确，但不明白。
开机日志
调用启动后打印如下：
U-Boot 2020.01-rc4-00066-g7e5ee346fc (Dec 05 2019 - 16:55:27 +0100)
DRAM: 948 MiB
RPI 4 Model B (0xc03111)
MMC: emmc2@7e340000: 0, mmcnr@7e300000: 1
Loading Environment from FAT... *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: Net Initialization Skipped
No ethernet found.
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
switch to partitions #0, OK
mmc0 is current device
Scanning mmc 0:1...
Found U-Boot script /boot.scr.uimg
291 bytes read in 17 ms (16.6 KiB/s)
## Executing script at 02400000
40559 bytes read in 33 ms (1.2 MiB/s)
zimage: Bad magic!
SCRIPT FAILED: continuing...
40559 bytes read in 29 ms (1.3 MiB/s)
Card did not respond to voltage select!
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: pxeuuid
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/00000000
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0000000
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/000000
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/00000
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0000
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/000
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/00
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/0
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/default-arm-bcm283x-rpi
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/default-arm-bcm283x
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/default-arm
No ethernet found.
missing environment variable: bootfile
Retrieving file: pxelinux.cfg/default
No ethernet found.
Config file not found
No ethernet found.
No ethernet found.
环境
arch=arm
baudrate=115200
board=rpi
board_name=4 Model B
board_rev=0x11
board_rev_scheme=1
board_revision=0xC03111
boot_a_script=load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${scriptaddr} ${prefix}${script}; source ${scriptaddr}
boot_efi_binary=if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi bootmgr ${fdt_addr_r};else bootefi bootmgr ${fdtcontroladdr};fi;load ${devty
pe} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${kernel_addr_r} efi/boot/bootarm.efi; if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${f
dt_addr_r};else bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdtcontroladdr};fi
boot_extlinux=sysboot ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} any ${scriptaddr} ${prefix}${boot_syslinux_conf}
boot_prefixes=/ /boot/
boot_script_dhcp=boot.scr.uimg
boot_scripts=boot.scr.uimg boot.scr
boot_syslinux_conf=extlinux/extlinux.conf
boot_targets=mmc0 mmc1 pxe dhcp
bootargs=console=ttyS0,115200 \
root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rootfstype=ext4 rootwait rw
bootcmd=run distro_bootcmd
bootcmd_dhcp=if dhcp ${scriptaddr} ${boot_script_dhcp}; then source ${scriptaddr}; fi;setenv efi_fdtfile ${fdtfile}; if test -z "${f
dtfile}" -a -n "${soc}"; then setenv efi_fdtfile ${soc}-${board}${boardver}.dtb; fi; setenv efi_old_vci ${bootp_vci};setenv efi_old_
arch ${bootp_arch};setenv bootp_vci PXEClient:Arch:00010:UNDI:003000;setenv bootp_arch 0xa;if dhcp ${kernel_addr_r}; then tftpboot $
{fdt_addr_r} dtb/${efi_fdtfile};if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdt_addr_r}; else bootefi ${kernel_addr_r
} ${fdtcontroladdr};fi;fi;setenv bootp_vci ${efi_old_vci};setenv bootp_arch ${efi_old_arch};setenv efi_fdtfile;setenv efi_old_arch;s
etenv efi_old_vci;
bootcmd_mmc0=devnum=0; run mmc_boot
bootcmd_mmc1=devnum=1; run mmc_boot
bootcmd_pxe=dhcp; if pxe get; then pxe boot; fi
bootdelay=2
bootfstype=fat
cpu=armv7
dhcpuboot=usb start; dhcp u-boot.uimg; bootm
distro_bootcmd=for target in ${boot_targets}; do run bootcmd_${target}; done
efi_dtb_prefixes=/ /dtb/ /dtb/current/
ethaddr=dc:a6:32:45:1f:d1
fdt_addr=2eff5d00
fdt_addr_r=0x02600000
fdt_high=ffffffff
fdtcontroladdr=3af6ac98
fdtfile=bcm2711-rpi-4-b.dtb
fileaddr=2600000
filesize=9e6f
initrd_high=ffffffff
kernel_addr_r=0x00080000
load_efi_dtb=load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${fdt_addr_r} ${prefix}${efi_fdtfile}
loadaddr=0x00200000
mmc_boot=if mmc dev ${devnum}; then devtype=mmc; run scan_dev_for_boot_part; fi
pxefile_addr_r=0x02500000
ramdisk_addr_r=0x02700000
scan_dev_for_boot=echo Scanning ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart}...; for prefix in ${boot_prefixes}; do run scan_dev_for_extlinux; run scan_dev_for_scripts; done;run scan_dev_for_efi;
scan_dev_for_boot_part=part list ${devtype} ${devnum} -bootable devplist; env exists devplist || setenv devplist 1; for distro_bootpart in ${devplist}; do if fstype ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} bootfstype; then run scan_dev_for_boot; fi; done; setenv devplist
scan_dev_for_efi=setenv efi_fdtfile ${fdtfile}; if test -z "${fdtfile}" -a -n "${soc}"; then setenv efi_fdtfile ${soc}-${board}${boardver}.dtb; fi; for prefix in ${efi_dtb_prefixes}; do if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}${efi_fdtfile}; then run load_efi_dtb; fi;done;if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} efi/boot/bootarm.efi; then echo Found EFI removable media binary efi/boot/bootarm.efi; run boot_efi_binary; echo EFI LOAD FAILED: continuing...; fi; setenv efi_fdtfile
scan_dev_for_extlinux=if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}${boot_syslinux_conf}; then echo Found ${prefix}${boot_syslinux_conf}; run boot_extlinux; echo SCRIPT FAILED: continuing...; fi
scan_dev_for_scripts=for script in ${boot_scripts}; do if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}${script}; then echo Found U-Boot script ${prefix}${script}; run boot_a_script; echo SCRIPT FAILED: continuing...; fi; done
scriptaddr=0x02400000
serial#=10000000f58b842c
soc=bcm283x
stderr=serial,vidconsole
stdin=serial,usbkbd
stdout=serial,vidconsole
usbethaddr=dc:a6:32:45:1f:d1
vendor=raspberrypi
Environment size: 3996/16380 bytes
So far i am archieving to reach the U-boot menu but on booting i get the error: zimage Bad Magic I actually thing that my boot.scr.uimg is maybe not correct but dont get it.
该错误消息可追溯到您的 boot.scr.uimg 的内容：
fatload mmc 0:1 ${kernel_addr_r} Image.4.8
...
bootz ${kernel_addr_r} - ${fdt_addr_r}
bootz 命令需要 zImage 文件位于第一个内存地址。
但是先前的 fatload 命令已将名为 Image.4.8 的文件复制到内存中。
按照惯例，Image 文件是通用的 Linux 内核二进制映像文件，而 zImage 文件是 Linux 自解压的内核映像。
您需要将构建的 zImage（而不是 Image 文件）安装到 SD 卡。编辑您的 boot.scr.uimg 以指示正确的文件 type/name.
附录
U-Boot 确实有一个用于通用 Linux 内核二进制 Image 文件的 booti 命令，但该命令是仅适用于 ARM64，例如内置帮助文本是 boot arm64 Linux Image image from memory.
参见 the patch that configures that command。