图像顶部的心理多边形
psychopy polygon on top of image
在 mac 上使用 psychopy ver 1.81.03 我想在图像顶部绘制多边形（例如三角形）。
到目前为止，我的图像始终位于顶部，因此隐藏了多边形，无论我放置它们的顺序如何。如果我让多边形比图像晚一帧开始，这也保持正确。
例如请参阅下面的代码（在编译之前使用 Builder 创建）蓝色方块和红色三角形应该如何从第 0 帧开始，但是当您 运行 它时，蓝色方块总是覆盖红色三角形！？
有没有办法让多边形在上面？在绘制之前我是否需要以某种方式合并图像和多边形？
非常感谢您的帮助！！
塞巴斯蒂安
#!/usr/bin/env python2
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
This experiment was created using PsychoPy2 Experiment Builder (v1.81.03), Sun Jan 18 20:44:26 2015
If you publish work using this script please cite the relevant PsychoPy publications
Peirce, JW (2007) PsychoPy - Psychophysics software in Python. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 162(1-2), 8-13.
Peirce, JW (2009) Generating stimuli for neuroscience using PsychoPy. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 2:10. doi: 10.3389/neuro.11.010.2008
"""
from __future__ import division # so that 1/3=0.333 instead of 1/3=0
from psychopy import visual, core, data, event, logging, sound, gui
from psychopy.constants import * # things like STARTED, FINISHED
import numpy as np # whole numpy lib is available, prepend 'np.'
from numpy import sin, cos, tan, log, log10, pi, average, sqrt, std, deg2rad, rad2deg, linspace, asarray
from numpy.random import random, randint, normal, shuffle
import os # handy system and path functions
# Ensure that relative paths start from the same directory as this script
_thisDir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
os.chdir(_thisDir)
# Store info about the experiment session
expName = u'test_triangle_over_square' # from the Builder filename that created this script
expInfo = {'participant':'', 'session':'001'}
dlg = gui.DlgFromDict(dictionary=expInfo, title=expName)
if dlg.OK == False: core.quit() # user pressed cancel
expInfo['date'] = data.getDateStr() # add a simple timestamp
expInfo['expName'] = expName
# Data file name stem = absolute path + name; later add .psyexp, .csv, .log, etc
filename = _thisDir + os.sep + 'data/%s_%s_%s' %(expInfo['participant'], expName, expInfo['date'])
# An ExperimentHandler isn't essential but helps with data saving
thisExp = data.ExperimentHandler(name=expName, version='',
extraInfo=expInfo, runtimeInfo=None,
originPath=None,
savePickle=True, saveWideText=True,
dataFileName=filename)
#save a log file for detail verbose info
logFile = logging.LogFile(filename+'.log', level=logging.EXP)
logging.console.setLevel(logging.WARNING) # this outputs to the screen, not a file
endExpNow = False # flag for 'escape' or other condition => quit the exp
# Start Code - component code to be run before the window creation
# Setup the Window
win = visual.Window(size=(1280, 800), fullscr=True, screen=0, allowGUI=False, allowStencil=False,
monitor='testMonitor', color=[0,0,0], colorSpace='rgb',
blendMode='avg', useFBO=True,
)
# store frame rate of monitor if we can measure it successfully
expInfo['frameRate']=win.getActualFrameRate()
if expInfo['frameRate']!=None:
frameDur = 1.0/round(expInfo['frameRate'])
else:
frameDur = 1.0/60.0 # couldn't get a reliable measure so guess
# Initialize components for Routine "trial"
trialClock = core.Clock()
ISI = core.StaticPeriod(win=win, screenHz=expInfo['frameRate'], name='ISI')
square = visual.ImageStim(win=win, name='square',units='pix',
image=None, mask=None,
ori=0, pos=[0, 0], size=[200, 200],
color=u'blue', colorSpace='rgb', opacity=1,
flipHoriz=False, flipVert=False,
texRes=128, interpolate=True, depth=-1.0)
polygon = visual.ShapeStim(win=win, name='polygon',units='pix',
vertices = [[-[200, 300][0]/2.0,-[200, 300][1]/2.0], [+[200, 300][0]/2.0,-[200, 300][1]/2.0], [0,[200, 300][1]/2.0]],
ori=0, pos=[0, 0],
lineWidth=1, lineColor=[1,1,1], lineColorSpace='rgb',
fillColor=u'red', fillColorSpace='rgb',
opacity=1,interpolate=True)
# Create some handy timers
globalClock = core.Clock() # to track the time since experiment started
routineTimer = core.CountdownTimer() # to track time remaining of each (non-slip) routine
#------Prepare to start Routine "trial"-------
t = 0
trialClock.reset() # clock
frameN = -1
# update component parameters for each repeat
# keep track of which components have finished
trialComponents = []
trialComponents.append(ISI)
trialComponents.append(square)
trialComponents.append(polygon)
for thisComponent in trialComponents:
if hasattr(thisComponent, 'status'):
thisComponent.status = NOT_STARTED
#-------Start Routine "trial"-------
continueRoutine = True
while continueRoutine:
# get current time
t = trialClock.getTime()
frameN = frameN + 1 # number of completed frames (so 0 is the first frame)
# update/draw components on each frame
# *square* updates
if frameN >= 0 and square.status == NOT_STARTED:
# keep track of start time/frame for later
square.tStart = t # underestimates by a little under one frame
square.frameNStart = frameN # exact frame index
square.setAutoDraw(True)
# *polygon* updates
if frameN >= 0 and polygon.status == NOT_STARTED:
# keep track of start time/frame for later
polygon.tStart = t # underestimates by a little under one frame
polygon.frameNStart = frameN # exact frame index
polygon.setAutoDraw(True)
# *ISI* period
if t >= 0.0 and ISI.status == NOT_STARTED:
# keep track of start time/frame for later
ISI.tStart = t # underestimates by a little under one frame
ISI.frameNStart = frameN # exact frame index
ISI.start(0.5)
elif ISI.status == STARTED: #one frame should pass before updating params and completing
ISI.complete() #finish the static period
# check if all components have finished
if not continueRoutine: # a component has requested a forced-end of Routine
routineTimer.reset() # if we abort early the non-slip timer needs reset
break
continueRoutine = False # will revert to True if at least one component still running
for thisComponent in trialComponents:
if hasattr(thisComponent, "status") and thisComponent.status != FINISHED:
continueRoutine = True
break # at least one component has not yet finished
# check for quit (the Esc key)
if endExpNow or event.getKeys(keyList=["escape"]):
core.quit()
# refresh the screen
if continueRoutine: # don't flip if this routine is over or we'll get a blank screen
win.flip()
else: # this Routine was not non-slip safe so reset non-slip timer
routineTimer.reset()
#-------Ending Routine "trial"-------
for thisComponent in trialComponents:
if hasattr(thisComponent, "setAutoDraw"):
thisComponent.setAutoDraw(False)
win.close()
core.quit()
根据上面 Jonas 的评论，PsychoPy 使用分层系统，在该系统中，后续刺激绘制在先前刺激之上（如他的代码示例中所示）。
在图形化的 Builder 环境中，绘制顺序由刺激成分的垂直顺序表示：首先绘制顶部的刺激，然后逐层叠加较低的刺激。
您可以通过右键单击它们并根据需要选择 "Move up"、"move down" 等来更改刺激成分的顺序。
但是，Sebastian 在这里发现了一个错误，即 ImageStim 和 ShapeStim 组件之间不遵循预期的绘制顺序。作为变通方法，您可以将 ShapeStim 替换为使用 ImageStim 显示的位图表示。多个 ImageStim 应该正确绘制（多个 ShapeStim 也是如此）。要使其在另一幅图像之上正确绘制，请务必将其另存为支持透明度的 .png 文件。这样，只有实际形状会被绘制在顶部，因为它的背景像素可以设置为透明并且不会遮盖下面的图像。
为了获得长期解决方案，我已将您的问题作为错误报告添加到此处的 PsychoPy GitHub 项目：
https://github.com/psychopy/psychopy/issues/795
原来是Builder中Polygon组件的bug
此问题已在即将发布的版本 (1.82.00) 中修复。可以在以下位置看到进行修复所需的更改
https://github.com/psychopy/psychopy/commit/af1af9a7a85cee9b4ec8ad5e2ff1f03140bd1a36
如果您愿意，可以将其添加到您自己的安装中。
干杯，
乔恩
在 mac 上使用 psychopy ver 1.81.03 我想在图像顶部绘制多边形（例如三角形）。 到目前为止，我的图像始终位于顶部，因此隐藏了多边形，无论我放置它们的顺序如何。如果我让多边形比图像晚一帧开始，这也保持正确。
例如请参阅下面的代码（在编译之前使用 Builder 创建）蓝色方块和红色三角形应该如何从第 0 帧开始，但是当您 运行 它时，蓝色方块总是覆盖红色三角形！？
有没有办法让多边形在上面？在绘制之前我是否需要以某种方式合并图像和多边形？
非常感谢您的帮助！！
塞巴斯蒂安
#!/usr/bin/env python2
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
This experiment was created using PsychoPy2 Experiment Builder (v1.81.03), Sun Jan 18 20:44:26 2015
If you publish work using this script please cite the relevant PsychoPy publications
Peirce, JW (2007) PsychoPy - Psychophysics software in Python. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 162(1-2), 8-13.
Peirce, JW (2009) Generating stimuli for neuroscience using PsychoPy. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 2:10. doi: 10.3389/neuro.11.010.2008
"""
from __future__ import division # so that 1/3=0.333 instead of 1/3=0
from psychopy import visual, core, data, event, logging, sound, gui
from psychopy.constants import * # things like STARTED, FINISHED
import numpy as np # whole numpy lib is available, prepend 'np.'
from numpy import sin, cos, tan, log, log10, pi, average, sqrt, std, deg2rad, rad2deg, linspace, asarray
from numpy.random import random, randint, normal, shuffle
import os # handy system and path functions
# Ensure that relative paths start from the same directory as this script
_thisDir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
os.chdir(_thisDir)
# Store info about the experiment session
expName = u'test_triangle_over_square' # from the Builder filename that created this script
expInfo = {'participant':'', 'session':'001'}
dlg = gui.DlgFromDict(dictionary=expInfo, title=expName)
if dlg.OK == False: core.quit() # user pressed cancel
expInfo['date'] = data.getDateStr() # add a simple timestamp
expInfo['expName'] = expName
# Data file name stem = absolute path + name; later add .psyexp, .csv, .log, etc
filename = _thisDir + os.sep + 'data/%s_%s_%s' %(expInfo['participant'], expName, expInfo['date'])
# An ExperimentHandler isn't essential but helps with data saving
thisExp = data.ExperimentHandler(name=expName, version='',
extraInfo=expInfo, runtimeInfo=None,
originPath=None,
savePickle=True, saveWideText=True,
dataFileName=filename)
#save a log file for detail verbose info
logFile = logging.LogFile(filename+'.log', level=logging.EXP)
logging.console.setLevel(logging.WARNING) # this outputs to the screen, not a file
endExpNow = False # flag for 'escape' or other condition => quit the exp
# Start Code - component code to be run before the window creation
# Setup the Window
win = visual.Window(size=(1280, 800), fullscr=True, screen=0, allowGUI=False, allowStencil=False,
monitor='testMonitor', color=[0,0,0], colorSpace='rgb',
blendMode='avg', useFBO=True,
)
# store frame rate of monitor if we can measure it successfully
expInfo['frameRate']=win.getActualFrameRate()
if expInfo['frameRate']!=None:
frameDur = 1.0/round(expInfo['frameRate'])
else:
frameDur = 1.0/60.0 # couldn't get a reliable measure so guess
# Initialize components for Routine "trial"
trialClock = core.Clock()
ISI = core.StaticPeriod(win=win, screenHz=expInfo['frameRate'], name='ISI')
square = visual.ImageStim(win=win, name='square',units='pix',
image=None, mask=None,
ori=0, pos=[0, 0], size=[200, 200],
color=u'blue', colorSpace='rgb', opacity=1,
flipHoriz=False, flipVert=False,
texRes=128, interpolate=True, depth=-1.0)
polygon = visual.ShapeStim(win=win, name='polygon',units='pix',
vertices = [[-[200, 300][0]/2.0,-[200, 300][1]/2.0], [+[200, 300][0]/2.0,-[200, 300][1]/2.0], [0,[200, 300][1]/2.0]],
ori=0, pos=[0, 0],
lineWidth=1, lineColor=[1,1,1], lineColorSpace='rgb',
fillColor=u'red', fillColorSpace='rgb',
opacity=1,interpolate=True)
# Create some handy timers
globalClock = core.Clock() # to track the time since experiment started
routineTimer = core.CountdownTimer() # to track time remaining of each (non-slip) routine
#------Prepare to start Routine "trial"-------
t = 0
trialClock.reset() # clock
frameN = -1
# update component parameters for each repeat
# keep track of which components have finished
trialComponents = []
trialComponents.append(ISI)
trialComponents.append(square)
trialComponents.append(polygon)
for thisComponent in trialComponents:
if hasattr(thisComponent, 'status'):
thisComponent.status = NOT_STARTED
#-------Start Routine "trial"-------
continueRoutine = True
while continueRoutine:
# get current time
t = trialClock.getTime()
frameN = frameN + 1 # number of completed frames (so 0 is the first frame)
# update/draw components on each frame
# *square* updates
if frameN >= 0 and square.status == NOT_STARTED:
# keep track of start time/frame for later
square.tStart = t # underestimates by a little under one frame
square.frameNStart = frameN # exact frame index
square.setAutoDraw(True)
# *polygon* updates
if frameN >= 0 and polygon.status == NOT_STARTED:
# keep track of start time/frame for later
polygon.tStart = t # underestimates by a little under one frame
polygon.frameNStart = frameN # exact frame index
polygon.setAutoDraw(True)
# *ISI* period
if t >= 0.0 and ISI.status == NOT_STARTED:
# keep track of start time/frame for later
ISI.tStart = t # underestimates by a little under one frame
ISI.frameNStart = frameN # exact frame index
ISI.start(0.5)
elif ISI.status == STARTED: #one frame should pass before updating params and completing
ISI.complete() #finish the static period
# check if all components have finished
if not continueRoutine: # a component has requested a forced-end of Routine
routineTimer.reset() # if we abort early the non-slip timer needs reset
break
continueRoutine = False # will revert to True if at least one component still running
for thisComponent in trialComponents:
if hasattr(thisComponent, "status") and thisComponent.status != FINISHED:
continueRoutine = True
break # at least one component has not yet finished
# check for quit (the Esc key)
if endExpNow or event.getKeys(keyList=["escape"]):
core.quit()
# refresh the screen
if continueRoutine: # don't flip if this routine is over or we'll get a blank screen
win.flip()
else: # this Routine was not non-slip safe so reset non-slip timer
routineTimer.reset()
#-------Ending Routine "trial"-------
for thisComponent in trialComponents:
if hasattr(thisComponent, "setAutoDraw"):
thisComponent.setAutoDraw(False)
win.close()
core.quit()
根据上面 Jonas 的评论，PsychoPy 使用分层系统，在该系统中，后续刺激绘制在先前刺激之上（如他的代码示例中所示）。
在图形化的 Builder 环境中，绘制顺序由刺激成分的垂直顺序表示：首先绘制顶部的刺激，然后逐层叠加较低的刺激。
您可以通过右键单击它们并根据需要选择 "Move up"、"move down" 等来更改刺激成分的顺序。
但是，Sebastian 在这里发现了一个错误，即 ImageStim 和 ShapeStim 组件之间不遵循预期的绘制顺序。作为变通方法，您可以将 ShapeStim 替换为使用 ImageStim 显示的位图表示。多个 ImageStim 应该正确绘制（多个 ShapeStim 也是如此）。要使其在另一幅图像之上正确绘制，请务必将其另存为支持透明度的 .png 文件。这样，只有实际形状会被绘制在顶部，因为它的背景像素可以设置为透明并且不会遮盖下面的图像。
为了获得长期解决方案，我已将您的问题作为错误报告添加到此处的 PsychoPy GitHub 项目： https://github.com/psychopy/psychopy/issues/795
原来是Builder中Polygon组件的bug
此问题已在即将发布的版本 (1.82.00) 中修复。可以在以下位置看到进行修复所需的更改 https://github.com/psychopy/psychopy/commit/af1af9a7a85cee9b4ec8ad5e2ff1f03140bd1a36 如果您愿意，可以将其添加到您自己的安装中。
干杯， 乔恩