数据库播种器和 Laravel 的问题
Issues with Database Seeder and Laravel
我有 3 个 table，架构如下。
员工，
EmployeeDB.php
$factory->define(Employee::class, function (Faker $faker) {
return [
'emp_id' => $faker->randomDigit,
'name' => $faker->name,
'dept_id' => $faker->numberBetween($min = 1, $max = 15),
'salary_id' => $faker->randomDigit(),
'gender' => $faker->randomElement(['M', 'F', 'T']),
/*if I remove these next 2 statements, I receive an error for
SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column
'employee_id' in 'field list' (SQL: insert into `employees` (`emp_id`, `name`, `dept_id`, `salary_id`, `gender`, `date_of_joining`,
`date_of_birth`, `employee_id`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values (2, Jamaal Beer, 3, 9, T, 2018-05-05 18:59:40, 2005-07-05 13:17:23, ?,
2019-12-11 11:15:42, 2019-12-11 11:15:42))
*/
'employee_id' => $faker->randomDigit,
//Same for this one as well
'department_id' => $faker->randomDigit,
'date_of_joining' => $faker->dateTimeBetween($startDate = '-5 years', $endDate = 'now', $timezone = null),
'date_of_birth' => $faker->dateTimeBetween($startDate = '-20 years', $endDate = 'now', $timezone = null),
员工迁移table:
Schema::create('employees', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->bigIncrements('emp_id');
$table->integer('dept_id')->unsigned();
$table->foreign('dept_id')->references('id')->on('departments');
$table->integer('salary_id')->unsigned();
$table->foreign('salary_id')->references('id')->on('salaries');
$table->string('name');
$table->string('gender');
$table->timestamp('date_of_joining');
$table->dateTime('date_of_birth');
/*SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1048 Column 'employee_id' cannot be null
(SQL: insert into `employees` (`emp_id`, `name`, `dept_id`, `salary_id`, `gender`, `employee_id`, `department_id`,
`date_of_joining`, `date_of_birth`, `updated_at`, `created_at`)
values (6, Martina Wuckert, 7, 3, F, ?, 3, 2018-09-14 05:59:15, 20
*/
$table->string('employee_id')->nullable();
$table->string('department_id')->nullable();
$table->timestamps();
//added to prevent errors
部门
DepartmentsDB.php
factory->define(Department::class, function (Faker $faker) {
return [
//Yes, this is a hack. Use Multidimensional Arrays the next time.
'id' => $faker->numberBetween($min = 1, $max = 15),
'dept_name' => $faker->randomElement(['Production', 'Purchase & Quality', 'Operations', 'Sales', 'Customer Serice', 'Business Development', 'Maketing', 'Tech Support', 'Finance', 'Human Resources', 'Research & Development', 'IT', 'Legal']),
];
部门迁移
Schema::create('departments', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('dept_name');
$table->timestamps();
});
工资
SalaryDb.php
$factory->define(Salary::class, function (Faker $faker) {
return [
'id' => $faker->randomDigit(),
'monthlySalary' => $faker->randomNumber($nbDigits = 3),
//Yes this is a hack. Use MultiDimensional Arrays the next time.
];
});
SalariesMigration
$factory->define(Salary::class, function (Faker $faker) {
return [
'id' => $faker->randomDigit(),
'monthlySalary' => $faker->randomNumber($nbDigits = 3),
//Yes this is a hack. Use MultiDimensional Arrays the next time.
];
});
App\Department
class部门扩展模型
{
//
public function employee()
{
return $this->hasMany(Employee::class);
}
public function salary()
{
return $this->hasMany(Salary::class);
}
}
App\Employee
class Employee extends Model
{ //belongsto block
public function department()
{
return $this->hasOne(Department::class);
}
public function Salary()
{
return $this->hasOne(Salary::class);
}
}
App\Salary
class Salary extends Model
{
//
public function employee()
{
return $this->belongsTo(Employee::class);
}
}
DatabaseSeeder.php
factory(App\Employee::class, 25)->create()->each(function ($employee) {
$department = factory(App\Department::class)->make();
$employee->department()->save($department);
$salary = factory(App\Salary::class)->make();
$employee->salary()->save($salary);
});
当我运行下面的命令时，这是我得到的错误
php artisan db:seed
Integrity constraint violation: 1452 Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`volga_2`.`employees`, CONSTRAINT `employees_dept_id_foreign` FOREIGN KEY (`dept_id`) REFERENCES `departments` (`id`))")
我想做的是：为每个员工记录分配一个部门和一个薪水。
这是为了以后：部门不能在其自己的内部重复 table。 IE。一旦创建了名称为 department id 的 department id，就不能再次创建它。
我知道我走错了，否则不会有错误。当我 运行 部门和薪水的 dbSeeder 时，它工作正常。但是只要有重复的部门条目，它就会抛出一个错误。但是存储在数据库中的数据很好。
我想要一个解决方案或一些指导，因为我还在学习 Laravel。
谢谢！
编辑
当我执行
php artisan 迁移
迁移顺序
Migration table created successfully.
Migrating: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table
Migrated: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table (0.44 seconds)
Migrating: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table
Migrated: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table (1.18 seconds)
Migrating: 2019_12_09_105432_create_departments_table
Migrated: 2019_12_09_105432_create_departments_table (0.29 seconds)
Migrating: 2019_12_09_105743_create_salaries_table
Migrated: 2019_12_09_105743_create_salaries_table (0.21 seconds)
Migrating: 2019_12_10_104739_create_employees_table
Migrated: 2019_12_10_104739_create_employees_table (2.04 seconds)
只需更改迁移的顺序即可。我猜你想在 table 创建之前建立关系。进行父级的第一次迁移 table
Integrity constraint violation: 1452 Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`volga_2`.`employees`, CONSTRAINT `employees_dept_id_foreign` FOREIGN KEY (`dept_id`) REFERENCES `departments` (`id`))")
此错误表示由于某种原因它无法与部门 table 建立关系。在您编写时，您尝试生成 Employee 与其他 2 个 table 的关系，然后再生成它们，通过更改迁移的名称，您可以重新排序迁移。这意味着您可以通过更改迁移名称中的时间来更改 运行 迁移的顺序，以便您按以下顺序迁移：
1) 部门迁移
2) SalariesMigration
3) 员工迁移
感谢大家提供解决方案和思路，帮助我解决这个问题。但是在修补它之后，我制定了一个可以正常工作的解决方案。
我将只发布我所做的更改，以便更容易跟踪，这可能对其他人有帮助。
在这里。
EmployeeDB.php
$factory->define(Employee::class, function (Faker $faker) {
return [
'emp_id' => $faker->unique()->randomNumber($nbDigits = 3, $strict = true),
'name' => $faker->name,
//dept_id and salary_id pulls the data from their respective tables and then //randomly assigns an id from the id column
'dept_id' => App\Department::all()->random()->id,
'salary_id' => App\Salary::all()->random()->id,
'gender' => $faker->randomElement(['M', 'F', 'T']),
'date_of_joining' => $faker->dateTimeBetween($startDate = '-5 years', $endDate = 'now', $timezone = null),
'date_of_birth' => $faker->dateTimeBetween($startDate = '-20 years', $endDate = 'now', $timezone = null),
];
});
EmployeeMigration
public function up()
{
Schema::create('employees', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->unsignedInteger('emp_id', true);
$table->unsignedInteger('dept_id');
$table->foreign('dept_id')->references('id')->on('departments');
$table->unsignedInteger('salary_id');
$table->foreign('salary_id')->references('id')->on('salaries');
$table->string('name');
$table->string('gender');
$table->timestamp('date_of_joining');
$table->dateTime('date_of_birth');
$table->timestamps();
//added to prevent errors
});
部门数据库
$factory->define(Department::class, function (Faker $faker) {
return [
//Yes, this is a hack. Use Multidimensional Arrays the next time.
'id' => $faker->unique()->numberBetween(1, 12),
'dept_name' => $faker->randomElement(['Production', 'Purchase & Quality', 'Operations', 'Sales', 'Customer Serice', 'Business Development', 'Maketing', 'Tech Support', 'Finance', 'Human Resources', 'Research & Development', 'IT', 'Legal']),
];
});
部门迁移
protected $dept_id = 'id';
public function up()
{
Schema::create('departments', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->unsignedInteger('id', true);
$table->string('dept_name');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
薪资数据库
$factory->define(Salary::class, function (Faker $faker) {
return [
'id' => $faker->unique()->randomNumber($nbDigits = 5, $strict = true),
'monthlySalary' => $faker->randomNumber($nbDigits = 3),
//Yes this is a hack. Use MultiDimensional Arrays the next time.
];
});
工资迁移
public function up()
{
Schema::create('salaries', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->unsignedInteger('id', true);
$table->string('monthlySalary');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
DatabaseSeeder.php
public function run()
{
$this->call([UsersTableSeeder::class]);//this is not important
factory('App\Department', 12)->create();
factory('App\Salary', 50)->create();
factory('App\Employee', 55)->create();
}
}
发生的事情是，我首先使用部门 ID 及其各自的名称为部门 table 播种。然后，我用薪水 ID 和薪水金额播种薪水 table。
然后 employees seeder 运行，它通过外键关系引用了部门和薪水 table，并将来自相应 table 中的 id 列的数据插入到 dept_id 和我的员工 table 中的 salary_id 列。
另一个重要方面，设置主键是使用
protected $id = 'Primary Key Table name'
参见上面的 DepartmentMigration 代码块。这需要在 up() 函数的范围之外定义，并且必须存在于需要定义主键的任何地方。
我已经完成了 3 个多小时，计算出每个单独的 DB Seeder，所以我很高兴这个工作。那里可能有更好更优雅的解决方案，但我明天会继续。 :)
感谢您的阅读，希望对您有所帮助。
我将尽我所能回答有关此的任何问题。 :)
我有 3 个 table，架构如下。 员工，
EmployeeDB.php
$factory->define(Employee::class, function (Faker $faker) {
return [
'emp_id' => $faker->randomDigit,
'name' => $faker->name,
'dept_id' => $faker->numberBetween($min = 1, $max = 15),
'salary_id' => $faker->randomDigit(),
'gender' => $faker->randomElement(['M', 'F', 'T']),
/*if I remove these next 2 statements, I receive an error for
SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column
'employee_id' in 'field list' (SQL: insert into `employees` (`emp_id`, `name`, `dept_id`, `salary_id`, `gender`, `date_of_joining`,
`date_of_birth`, `employee_id`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values (2, Jamaal Beer, 3, 9, T, 2018-05-05 18:59:40, 2005-07-05 13:17:23, ?,
2019-12-11 11:15:42, 2019-12-11 11:15:42))
*/
'employee_id' => $faker->randomDigit,
//Same for this one as well
'department_id' => $faker->randomDigit,
'date_of_joining' => $faker->dateTimeBetween($startDate = '-5 years', $endDate = 'now', $timezone = null),
'date_of_birth' => $faker->dateTimeBetween($startDate = '-20 years', $endDate = 'now', $timezone = null),
员工迁移table:
Schema::create('employees', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->bigIncrements('emp_id');
$table->integer('dept_id')->unsigned();
$table->foreign('dept_id')->references('id')->on('departments');
$table->integer('salary_id')->unsigned();
$table->foreign('salary_id')->references('id')->on('salaries');
$table->string('name');
$table->string('gender');
$table->timestamp('date_of_joining');
$table->dateTime('date_of_birth');
/*SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1048 Column 'employee_id' cannot be null
(SQL: insert into `employees` (`emp_id`, `name`, `dept_id`, `salary_id`, `gender`, `employee_id`, `department_id`,
`date_of_joining`, `date_of_birth`, `updated_at`, `created_at`)
values (6, Martina Wuckert, 7, 3, F, ?, 3, 2018-09-14 05:59:15, 20
*/
$table->string('employee_id')->nullable();
$table->string('department_id')->nullable();
$table->timestamps();
//added to prevent errors
部门 DepartmentsDB.php
factory->define(Department::class, function (Faker $faker) {
return [
//Yes, this is a hack. Use Multidimensional Arrays the next time.
'id' => $faker->numberBetween($min = 1, $max = 15),
'dept_name' => $faker->randomElement(['Production', 'Purchase & Quality', 'Operations', 'Sales', 'Customer Serice', 'Business Development', 'Maketing', 'Tech Support', 'Finance', 'Human Resources', 'Research & Development', 'IT', 'Legal']),
];
部门迁移
Schema::create('departments', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->increments('id');
$table->string('dept_name');
$table->timestamps();
});
工资
SalaryDb.php
$factory->define(Salary::class, function (Faker $faker) {
return [
'id' => $faker->randomDigit(),
'monthlySalary' => $faker->randomNumber($nbDigits = 3),
//Yes this is a hack. Use MultiDimensional Arrays the next time.
];
});
SalariesMigration
$factory->define(Salary::class, function (Faker $faker) {
return [
'id' => $faker->randomDigit(),
'monthlySalary' => $faker->randomNumber($nbDigits = 3),
//Yes this is a hack. Use MultiDimensional Arrays the next time.
];
});
App\Department class部门扩展模型
{
//
public function employee()
{
return $this->hasMany(Employee::class);
}
public function salary()
{
return $this->hasMany(Salary::class);
}
}
App\Employee
class Employee extends Model
{ //belongsto block
public function department()
{
return $this->hasOne(Department::class);
}
public function Salary()
{
return $this->hasOne(Salary::class);
}
}
App\Salary
class Salary extends Model
{
//
public function employee()
{
return $this->belongsTo(Employee::class);
}
}
DatabaseSeeder.php
factory(App\Employee::class, 25)->create()->each(function ($employee) {
$department = factory(App\Department::class)->make();
$employee->department()->save($department);
$salary = factory(App\Salary::class)->make();
$employee->salary()->save($salary);
});
当我运行下面的命令时，这是我得到的错误 php artisan db:seed
Integrity constraint violation: 1452 Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`volga_2`.`employees`, CONSTRAINT `employees_dept_id_foreign` FOREIGN KEY (`dept_id`) REFERENCES `departments` (`id`))")
我想做的是：为每个员工记录分配一个部门和一个薪水。
这是为了以后：部门不能在其自己的内部重复 table。 IE。一旦创建了名称为 department id 的 department id，就不能再次创建它。
我知道我走错了，否则不会有错误。当我 运行 部门和薪水的 dbSeeder 时，它工作正常。但是只要有重复的部门条目，它就会抛出一个错误。但是存储在数据库中的数据很好。
我想要一个解决方案或一些指导，因为我还在学习 Laravel。
谢谢！
编辑 当我执行 php artisan 迁移
迁移顺序
Migration table created successfully.
Migrating: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table
Migrated: 2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table (0.44 seconds)
Migrating: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table
Migrated: 2014_10_12_100000_create_password_resets_table (1.18 seconds)
Migrating: 2019_12_09_105432_create_departments_table
Migrated: 2019_12_09_105432_create_departments_table (0.29 seconds)
Migrating: 2019_12_09_105743_create_salaries_table
Migrated: 2019_12_09_105743_create_salaries_table (0.21 seconds)
Migrating: 2019_12_10_104739_create_employees_table
Migrated: 2019_12_10_104739_create_employees_table (2.04 seconds)
只需更改迁移的顺序即可。我猜你想在 table 创建之前建立关系。进行父级的第一次迁移 table
Integrity constraint violation: 1452 Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`volga_2`.`employees`, CONSTRAINT `employees_dept_id_foreign` FOREIGN KEY (`dept_id`) REFERENCES `departments` (`id`))")
此错误表示由于某种原因它无法与部门 table 建立关系。在您编写时，您尝试生成 Employee 与其他 2 个 table 的关系，然后再生成它们，通过更改迁移的名称，您可以重新排序迁移。这意味着您可以通过更改迁移名称中的时间来更改 运行 迁移的顺序，以便您按以下顺序迁移：
1) 部门迁移
2) SalariesMigration
3) 员工迁移
感谢大家提供解决方案和思路，帮助我解决这个问题。但是在修补它之后，我制定了一个可以正常工作的解决方案。 我将只发布我所做的更改，以便更容易跟踪，这可能对其他人有帮助。
在这里。
EmployeeDB.php
$factory->define(Employee::class, function (Faker $faker) {
return [
'emp_id' => $faker->unique()->randomNumber($nbDigits = 3, $strict = true),
'name' => $faker->name,
//dept_id and salary_id pulls the data from their respective tables and then //randomly assigns an id from the id column
'dept_id' => App\Department::all()->random()->id,
'salary_id' => App\Salary::all()->random()->id,
'gender' => $faker->randomElement(['M', 'F', 'T']),
'date_of_joining' => $faker->dateTimeBetween($startDate = '-5 years', $endDate = 'now', $timezone = null),
'date_of_birth' => $faker->dateTimeBetween($startDate = '-20 years', $endDate = 'now', $timezone = null),
];
});
EmployeeMigration
public function up()
{
Schema::create('employees', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->unsignedInteger('emp_id', true);
$table->unsignedInteger('dept_id');
$table->foreign('dept_id')->references('id')->on('departments');
$table->unsignedInteger('salary_id');
$table->foreign('salary_id')->references('id')->on('salaries');
$table->string('name');
$table->string('gender');
$table->timestamp('date_of_joining');
$table->dateTime('date_of_birth');
$table->timestamps();
//added to prevent errors
});
部门数据库
$factory->define(Department::class, function (Faker $faker) {
return [
//Yes, this is a hack. Use Multidimensional Arrays the next time.
'id' => $faker->unique()->numberBetween(1, 12),
'dept_name' => $faker->randomElement(['Production', 'Purchase & Quality', 'Operations', 'Sales', 'Customer Serice', 'Business Development', 'Maketing', 'Tech Support', 'Finance', 'Human Resources', 'Research & Development', 'IT', 'Legal']),
];
});
部门迁移
protected $dept_id = 'id';
public function up()
{
Schema::create('departments', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->unsignedInteger('id', true);
$table->string('dept_name');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
薪资数据库
$factory->define(Salary::class, function (Faker $faker) {
return [
'id' => $faker->unique()->randomNumber($nbDigits = 5, $strict = true),
'monthlySalary' => $faker->randomNumber($nbDigits = 3),
//Yes this is a hack. Use MultiDimensional Arrays the next time.
];
});
工资迁移
public function up()
{
Schema::create('salaries', function (Blueprint $table) {
$table->unsignedInteger('id', true);
$table->string('monthlySalary');
$table->timestamps();
});
}
DatabaseSeeder.php
public function run()
{
$this->call([UsersTableSeeder::class]);//this is not important
factory('App\Department', 12)->create();
factory('App\Salary', 50)->create();
factory('App\Employee', 55)->create();
}
}
发生的事情是，我首先使用部门 ID 及其各自的名称为部门 table 播种。然后，我用薪水 ID 和薪水金额播种薪水 table。 然后 employees seeder 运行，它通过外键关系引用了部门和薪水 table，并将来自相应 table 中的 id 列的数据插入到 dept_id 和我的员工 table 中的 salary_id 列。
另一个重要方面，设置主键是使用
protected $id = 'Primary Key Table name'
参见上面的 DepartmentMigration 代码块。这需要在 up() 函数的范围之外定义，并且必须存在于需要定义主键的任何地方。
我已经完成了 3 个多小时，计算出每个单独的 DB Seeder，所以我很高兴这个工作。那里可能有更好更优雅的解决方案，但我明天会继续。 :)
感谢您的阅读，希望对您有所帮助。 我将尽我所能回答有关此的任何问题。 :)