为什么 gcc 无法从其前向声明中检测到 friend class 名称空间?

Why gcc cannot detect friend class namespace from its forward declaration?

我有以下代码可以用 VS2015 编译,但不能用 gcc(任何版本)编译。对我来说,class A_Creator 的命名空间已正确定义(即根命名空间),因为它已在程序顶部进行了前向声明。为什么 gcc 无法正确检测到 A_Creator class 的命名空间?哪个编译器是正确的?

#include <list>

class A_Creator;

namespace X
{
class A
{
private:
   int mX;

   A(int x) :
      mX(x)
   {}

   // GCC complains about this line, and it should be changed to ::A_Creator
   // On VS2015, both of them are working
   friend class A_Creator; 
};

} // namespace X

class A_Creator
{
public:

   std::list<X::A> TestOnList(int z)
   {
      std::list<X::A> a_list;
      a_list.push_back(X::A(z));

      return a_list;
   }
};


int main()
{
   A_Creator a_cr;
   auto x = a_cr.TestOnList(12);
}

来自C++11 [namespace.memdef]/3

If the name in a friend declaration is neither qualified nor a template-id and the declaration is a function or an elaborated-type-specifier, the lookup to determine whether the entity has been previously declared shall not consider any scopes outside the innermost enclosing namespace. [Note: The other forms of friend declarations cannot declare a new member of the innermost enclosing namespace and thus follow the usual lookup rules. — end note]

由于您在 friend 声明 (friend class A_Creator;) 中详细说明了类型说明符,因此只能在最里面的封闭命名空间 ::X 中搜索以前的声明。所以,gcc是对的。
[namespace.memdef]/3 中示例的相关摘录,其中包含函数的全局前向声明而不是 class:

void h(int);
namespace A {
  class X {
    class Y {
      friend void h(int);       // A::h is a friend
                                // ::h not considered
    };
  };
}