在Java中使用Graphics时如何反转Y轴的极性?
How to reverse the polarities of Y-axis when using Graphics in Java?
我想问的基本问题是:我如何制作一个图表,其中 y=0
处的线实际上位于 y=*some number*
并且随着我的 Y 增加,Java的y减少了?
我正在尝试制作一个折线图来记录动物种群的变化。我需要使图形的 Y=0
围绕 y=980
线。我还需要做一些会注意到人口增加的事情,并将其绘制为 y 的减少(使线向上)。我想说的是,我需要创建一个看起来像折线图的折线图。
我尝试了多种不同的方法,每种方法都会根据不同的输入给出不同的结果。我已经成功创建了从 y=980
线开始向上的图表,如下图所示。我为此使用的方法是画线(对于图形本身),然后取10乘以该值的差值的绝对值减去90,如
所示
g.drawLine((125), (y+1)*93, width, (y+1)*93);
g.drawString(Math.abs(y*10-90) + " alive", (80), (y+1)*93);
这完全适用于图表,但是当我试图将其应用到线条图中时,我收到了不同的结果。
对于这个项目,我有 3 个种群:我的动物的捕食者、我的动物的猎物和我的动物。我想绘制所有这些的人口规模。使用之前展示的方法时,我成功绘制了捕食者种群的第一个值。然而,另外两个位于图表的另一侧,与它们必须所在的位置相反。 (例如,我的动物的种群数量设置为从 90 开始,但在图表上它大约在 20 多岁左右,如下图所示)。我用于其中每一个的代码是:
// predator animal line
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawLine(i*93+125, (Math.abs((predatorAnimalAmt[i]*10)-90)), (i+1)*93+125, (Math.abs((predatorAnimalAmt[i+1]*10)-90)));
g.drawLine(100, height-45, 120, height-45);
g.drawString("PREDATOR", 30, height-40);
// prey animal line
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.drawLine(i*93+125, (Math.abs((preyAnimalAmt[i]*10)-90)), (i+1)*93+125, (Math.abs((preyAnimalAmt[i+1]*10)-90)));
g.drawLine(100, height-60, 120, height-60);
g.drawString("PREY", 30, height-55);
// our animal's line
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.drawLine(i*93+125, (Math.abs((ourAnimalAmt[i]*10)-90)), (i+1)*93+125, (Math.abs((ourAnimalAmt[i+1]*10)-90)));
g.drawLine(100, height-75, 120, height-75);
g.drawString("OUR ANIMAL", 30, height-70);
这是我在 class 中的代码(my github page 中还有其他 classes 可以访问)
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;
// ALL OF MY CLASSES
import natural.selection.main.animalia.Animal;
import natural.selection.main.animalia.OurAnimal;
import natural.selection.main.animalia.Predator;
import natural.selection.main.animalia.Prey;
public class MainApp implements Runnable {
private Display display;
private int width, height;
public String title;
private boolean running = false;
private Thread thread;
private Random random = new Random();
private BufferStrategy bs;
private Graphics g;
private ArrayList<Animal> allAnimals = new ArrayList<>();
private int[] animalAmt = new int[20];
private ArrayList<Prey> allPreyAnimals = new ArrayList<>();
private int[] preyAnimalAmt = new int[20];
private ArrayList<OurAnimal> allOurAnimals = new ArrayList<>();
private int[] ourAnimalAmt = new int[20];
private ArrayList<Predator> allPredatorAnimals = new ArrayList<>();
private int[] predatorAnimalAmt = new int[20];
public MainApp(String title, int width, int height){
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
this.title = title;
}
private void init(){
display = new Display(title, width, height);
for(int i=0; i<90; i++) {
OurAnimal animal = new OurAnimal(random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10));
allOurAnimals.add(animal);
allAnimals.add(animal);
}
for(int i=0; i<(80+random.nextInt(10)); i++) {
Prey animal = new Prey(random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10));
allPreyAnimals.add(animal);
allAnimals.add(animal);
}
for(int i=0; i<(50+random.nextInt(10)); i++) {
Predator animal = new Predator(random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10));
allPredatorAnimals.add(animal);
allAnimals.add(animal);
}
animalAmt[0] = allAnimals.size();
preyAnimalAmt[0] = allPreyAnimals.size();
ourAnimalAmt[0] = allOurAnimals.size();
predatorAnimalAmt[0] = allPredatorAnimals.size();
}
private void tick() {
}
// Amount of weeks to simulate
private int weeksToSim = 20;
private void render(){
bs = display.getCanvas().getBufferStrategy();
if(bs == null){
display.getCanvas().createBufferStrategy(3);
return;
}
g = bs.getDrawGraphics();
//Clear Screen
g.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
//Draw Here!
g.setColor(Color.black);
// LINE GRAPH OF SPECIES COUNT
// Draw the graph
for(int x=0; x<weeksToSim; x++) {
g.drawLine(x*93+125, height-100, x*93+125, 0);
g.drawString("Week " + (x+1), x*93+125-20, height-80);
}
for(int y=0; y<10; y++) {
g.drawLine((125), (y+1)*93, width, (y+1)*93);
g.drawString(Math.abs(y*10-90) + " alive", (80), (y+1)*93);
}
// Draw the line
for(int i=0; i<(animalAmt.length-1); i++) {
// predator animal line
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawLine(i*93+125, (Math.abs((predatorAnimalAmt[i]*10)-90)), (i+1)*93+125, (Math.abs((predatorAnimalAmt[i+1]*10)-90)));
g.drawLine(100, height-45, 120, height-45);
g.drawString("PREDATOR", 30, height-40);
// prey animal line
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.drawLine(i*93+125, (Math.abs((preyAnimalAmt[i]*10)-90)), (i+1)*93+125, (Math.abs((preyAnimalAmt[i+1]*10)-90)));
g.drawLine(100, height-60, 120, height-60);
g.drawString("PREY", 30, height-55);
// our animal's line
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.drawLine(i*93+125, (Math.abs((ourAnimalAmt[i]*10)-90)), (i+1)*93+125, (Math.abs((ourAnimalAmt[i+1]*10)-90)));
g.drawLine(100, height-75, 120, height-75);
g.drawString("OUR ANIMAL", 30, height-70);
}
//End Drawing!
bs.show();
g.dispose();
}
public void run(){
init();
int fps = 60;
double timePerTick = 1000000000 / fps;
double delta = 0;
long now;
long lastTime = System.nanoTime();
long timer = 0;
int ticks = 0;
Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync();
while(running){
now = System.nanoTime();
delta += (now - lastTime) / timePerTick;
timer += now - lastTime;
lastTime = now;
if(delta >= 1){
tick();
render();
ticks++;
delta--;
}
if(timer >= 1000000000){
System.out.println("Ticks and Frames: " + ticks);
ticks = 0;
timer = 0;
}
}
stop();
}
public int getWidth(){
return width;
}
public int getHeight(){
return height;
}
public synchronized void start(){
if(running)
return;
running = true;
thread = new Thread(this);
thread.start();
}
public synchronized void stop(){
if(!running)
return;
running = false;
try {
thread.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
我如何在不完全破坏我的所有代码的情况下,只用一个公式来使所有的点都正确?
这是我的代码得到的结果:
让我们将此功能提取到两个函数中,计算给定 week
和 count
的正确 x
和 y
位置。这样,您只需更改单个函数即可更改图表布局,而不是分散在整个代码中的多行代码:
private int getChartX(double week) {
return (int)Math.round(week * 93 + 32);
}
private int getChartY(double count) {
return (int)Math.round(930 - count * 9.3);
}
使用这些函数,您可以像这样重新构建绘图代码:
// Draw the graph
for(int week = 1; week <= weeksToSim; week++) {
int x = getChartX(week);
g.drawLine(x, getChartY(0), x, 0);
g.drawString("Week " + week, x-20, getChartY(0) + 20);
}
for(int y=0; y<10; y++) {
int count = 10 * y;
int y = getChartY(count);
g.drawLine(getChartX(1), y, width, y);
g.drawString(count + " alive", getChartX(1) - 45, y);
}
// Draw the line
for(int i=0; i<(animalAmt.length-1); i++) {
int week = i + 1;
// predator animal line
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawLine(getChartX(week), getChartY(predatorAnimalAmt[i]), getChartX(week + 1), getChartY(predatorAnimalAmt[i + 1]));
...
}
我想问的基本问题是:我如何制作一个图表,其中 y=0
处的线实际上位于 y=*some number*
并且随着我的 Y 增加,Java的y减少了?
我正在尝试制作一个折线图来记录动物种群的变化。我需要使图形的 Y=0
围绕 y=980
线。我还需要做一些会注意到人口增加的事情,并将其绘制为 y 的减少(使线向上)。我想说的是,我需要创建一个看起来像折线图的折线图。
我尝试了多种不同的方法,每种方法都会根据不同的输入给出不同的结果。我已经成功创建了从 y=980
线开始向上的图表,如下图所示。我为此使用的方法是画线(对于图形本身),然后取10乘以该值的差值的绝对值减去90,如
g.drawLine((125), (y+1)*93, width, (y+1)*93);
g.drawString(Math.abs(y*10-90) + " alive", (80), (y+1)*93);
这完全适用于图表,但是当我试图将其应用到线条图中时,我收到了不同的结果。
对于这个项目,我有 3 个种群:我的动物的捕食者、我的动物的猎物和我的动物。我想绘制所有这些的人口规模。使用之前展示的方法时,我成功绘制了捕食者种群的第一个值。然而,另外两个位于图表的另一侧,与它们必须所在的位置相反。 (例如,我的动物的种群数量设置为从 90 开始,但在图表上它大约在 20 多岁左右,如下图所示)。我用于其中每一个的代码是:
// predator animal line
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawLine(i*93+125, (Math.abs((predatorAnimalAmt[i]*10)-90)), (i+1)*93+125, (Math.abs((predatorAnimalAmt[i+1]*10)-90)));
g.drawLine(100, height-45, 120, height-45);
g.drawString("PREDATOR", 30, height-40);
// prey animal line
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.drawLine(i*93+125, (Math.abs((preyAnimalAmt[i]*10)-90)), (i+1)*93+125, (Math.abs((preyAnimalAmt[i+1]*10)-90)));
g.drawLine(100, height-60, 120, height-60);
g.drawString("PREY", 30, height-55);
// our animal's line
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.drawLine(i*93+125, (Math.abs((ourAnimalAmt[i]*10)-90)), (i+1)*93+125, (Math.abs((ourAnimalAmt[i+1]*10)-90)));
g.drawLine(100, height-75, 120, height-75);
g.drawString("OUR ANIMAL", 30, height-70);
这是我在 class 中的代码(my github page 中还有其他 classes 可以访问)
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.awt.image.BufferStrategy;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;
// ALL OF MY CLASSES
import natural.selection.main.animalia.Animal;
import natural.selection.main.animalia.OurAnimal;
import natural.selection.main.animalia.Predator;
import natural.selection.main.animalia.Prey;
public class MainApp implements Runnable {
private Display display;
private int width, height;
public String title;
private boolean running = false;
private Thread thread;
private Random random = new Random();
private BufferStrategy bs;
private Graphics g;
private ArrayList<Animal> allAnimals = new ArrayList<>();
private int[] animalAmt = new int[20];
private ArrayList<Prey> allPreyAnimals = new ArrayList<>();
private int[] preyAnimalAmt = new int[20];
private ArrayList<OurAnimal> allOurAnimals = new ArrayList<>();
private int[] ourAnimalAmt = new int[20];
private ArrayList<Predator> allPredatorAnimals = new ArrayList<>();
private int[] predatorAnimalAmt = new int[20];
public MainApp(String title, int width, int height){
this.width = width;
this.height = height;
this.title = title;
}
private void init(){
display = new Display(title, width, height);
for(int i=0; i<90; i++) {
OurAnimal animal = new OurAnimal(random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10));
allOurAnimals.add(animal);
allAnimals.add(animal);
}
for(int i=0; i<(80+random.nextInt(10)); i++) {
Prey animal = new Prey(random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10));
allPreyAnimals.add(animal);
allAnimals.add(animal);
}
for(int i=0; i<(50+random.nextInt(10)); i++) {
Predator animal = new Predator(random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10), random.nextInt(10));
allPredatorAnimals.add(animal);
allAnimals.add(animal);
}
animalAmt[0] = allAnimals.size();
preyAnimalAmt[0] = allPreyAnimals.size();
ourAnimalAmt[0] = allOurAnimals.size();
predatorAnimalAmt[0] = allPredatorAnimals.size();
}
private void tick() {
}
// Amount of weeks to simulate
private int weeksToSim = 20;
private void render(){
bs = display.getCanvas().getBufferStrategy();
if(bs == null){
display.getCanvas().createBufferStrategy(3);
return;
}
g = bs.getDrawGraphics();
//Clear Screen
g.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
//Draw Here!
g.setColor(Color.black);
// LINE GRAPH OF SPECIES COUNT
// Draw the graph
for(int x=0; x<weeksToSim; x++) {
g.drawLine(x*93+125, height-100, x*93+125, 0);
g.drawString("Week " + (x+1), x*93+125-20, height-80);
}
for(int y=0; y<10; y++) {
g.drawLine((125), (y+1)*93, width, (y+1)*93);
g.drawString(Math.abs(y*10-90) + " alive", (80), (y+1)*93);
}
// Draw the line
for(int i=0; i<(animalAmt.length-1); i++) {
// predator animal line
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawLine(i*93+125, (Math.abs((predatorAnimalAmt[i]*10)-90)), (i+1)*93+125, (Math.abs((predatorAnimalAmt[i+1]*10)-90)));
g.drawLine(100, height-45, 120, height-45);
g.drawString("PREDATOR", 30, height-40);
// prey animal line
g.setColor(Color.green);
g.drawLine(i*93+125, (Math.abs((preyAnimalAmt[i]*10)-90)), (i+1)*93+125, (Math.abs((preyAnimalAmt[i+1]*10)-90)));
g.drawLine(100, height-60, 120, height-60);
g.drawString("PREY", 30, height-55);
// our animal's line
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g.drawLine(i*93+125, (Math.abs((ourAnimalAmt[i]*10)-90)), (i+1)*93+125, (Math.abs((ourAnimalAmt[i+1]*10)-90)));
g.drawLine(100, height-75, 120, height-75);
g.drawString("OUR ANIMAL", 30, height-70);
}
//End Drawing!
bs.show();
g.dispose();
}
public void run(){
init();
int fps = 60;
double timePerTick = 1000000000 / fps;
double delta = 0;
long now;
long lastTime = System.nanoTime();
long timer = 0;
int ticks = 0;
Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().sync();
while(running){
now = System.nanoTime();
delta += (now - lastTime) / timePerTick;
timer += now - lastTime;
lastTime = now;
if(delta >= 1){
tick();
render();
ticks++;
delta--;
}
if(timer >= 1000000000){
System.out.println("Ticks and Frames: " + ticks);
ticks = 0;
timer = 0;
}
}
stop();
}
public int getWidth(){
return width;
}
public int getHeight(){
return height;
}
public synchronized void start(){
if(running)
return;
running = true;
thread = new Thread(this);
thread.start();
}
public synchronized void stop(){
if(!running)
return;
running = false;
try {
thread.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
我如何在不完全破坏我的所有代码的情况下,只用一个公式来使所有的点都正确?
这是我的代码得到的结果:
让我们将此功能提取到两个函数中,计算给定 week
和 count
的正确 x
和 y
位置。这样,您只需更改单个函数即可更改图表布局,而不是分散在整个代码中的多行代码:
private int getChartX(double week) {
return (int)Math.round(week * 93 + 32);
}
private int getChartY(double count) {
return (int)Math.round(930 - count * 9.3);
}
使用这些函数,您可以像这样重新构建绘图代码:
// Draw the graph
for(int week = 1; week <= weeksToSim; week++) {
int x = getChartX(week);
g.drawLine(x, getChartY(0), x, 0);
g.drawString("Week " + week, x-20, getChartY(0) + 20);
}
for(int y=0; y<10; y++) {
int count = 10 * y;
int y = getChartY(count);
g.drawLine(getChartX(1), y, width, y);
g.drawString(count + " alive", getChartX(1) - 45, y);
}
// Draw the line
for(int i=0; i<(animalAmt.length-1); i++) {
int week = i + 1;
// predator animal line
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawLine(getChartX(week), getChartY(predatorAnimalAmt[i]), getChartX(week + 1), getChartY(predatorAnimalAmt[i + 1]));
...
}