如何对 Python 中的嵌套对象进行类型提示?

How can I type-hint a nested object in Python?

我目前正在与 WSDL 进行集成,因此决定 Python 使用 Zeep 库。

我正在尝试使用 mypy 对响应进行建模,以便它可以与 VSCode 的 Intellisense 一起使用,并在我进行粗心的分配或修改时给我一些提示.但是,当 WSDL 响应位于嵌套对象中时,我遇到了障碍,我想不出一种方法来对其进行类型提示。

来自 WSDL 的示例响应:

{
    'result': {
        'code': '1',
        'description': 'Success',
        'errorUUID': None
    },
    'accounts': {
        'accounts': [
            {
                'accountId': 1,
                'accountName': 'Ming',
                'availableCredit': 1
            }
        ]
    }
}

我正在使用以下代码片段来输入提示:

class MethodResultType:
    code: str
    description: str
    errorUUID: str

class AccountType:
    accountId: int
    accountName: str
    availableCredit: float

class getAccounts:
    result: MethodResultType
    accounts: List[AccountType] # Attempt 1
    accounts = TypedDict("accounts", {"accounts": List[AccountType]}) # Attempt 2

client = Client(os.getenv("API_URL"), wsse=user_name_token)
accountsResponse: getAccounts = client.service.getAccounts()
accounts = accountsResponse.accounts.accounts


# Attempt 1: "List[AccountType]" has no attribute "accounts"; maybe "count"?
# Attempt 2: "Type[accounts]" has no attribute "accounts"

对于尝试 1,原因很明显。但是在尝试了 Attempt 2 之后,我不知道如何进行了。我在这里错过了什么?

更新: 跟随@Avi Kaminetzky 的 , I tried with following (playground):

from typing import List, TypedDict, Optional, Dict

class MethodResultType(TypedDict):
    code: str
    description: str
    errorUUID: Optional[str]

class AccountType(TypedDict):
    accountId: int
    accountName: str
    availableCredit: float

class getAccounts(TypedDict):
    result: MethodResultType
    accounts: Dict[str, List[AccountType]]

result: getAccounts = {
    'result': {
        'code': '1',
        'description': 'Success',
        'errorUUID': None
    },
    'accounts': {
        'accounts': [
            {
                'accountId': 1,
                'accountName': 'Ming',
                'availableCredit': 1
            }
        ]
    }
}

print(result.result)
print(result.accounts)

但我从 mypy 收到错误消息:

"getAccounts" has no attribute "result"
"getAccounts" has no attribute "accounts"

更新来自评论中的对话

  1. 您需要每个 class 都是 TypedDict 的子class。类似于 class Foo(TypedDict).
  2. errorUUID 是一个 Optional[str].
  3. accountsDict[str, List[AccountType]] 类型,因为它有一个内部(可能是多余的)键,也称为 accounts.
  4. 您需要使用带有字符串化键的方括号来访问键 - accountsResponse['accounts']['accounts'].

这是一个建议的解决方案:

from typing import List, TypedDict, Optional, Dict

class MethodResultType(TypedDict):
    code: str
    description: str
    errorUUID: Optional[str]

class AccountType(TypedDict):
    accountId: int
    accountName: str
    availableCredit: float

class getAccounts(TypedDict):
    result: MethodResultType
    accounts: Dict[str, List[AccountType]]

result: getAccounts = {
    'result': {
        'code': '1',
        'description': 'Success',
        'errorUUID': None
    },
    'accounts': {
        'accounts': [
            {
                'accountId': 1,
                'accountName': 'Ming',
                'availableCredit': 1
            }
        ]
    }
}

查看这个 MyPy 游乐场: https://mypy-play.net/?mypy=latest&python=3.8&gist=dad62a9e2cecf4bad1088a2636690976

TypedDict 是 MyPy 的扩展,确保安装 MyPy(加上扩展)并导入 TypedDict:from typing_extensions import TypedDict.

从 Python 3.8 开始,您可以直接从打字模块导入 TypedDict。

https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/more_types.html#typeddict https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0589/

使用此 answer 作为参考,以下适用于我的情况([=17= 中的智能感知],如果直接分配给变量则不起作用):

更新:使用另一个 answer 作为参考,我更新了我的代码以能够同时工作。 (Intellisense in VSCode,直接赋值入变量)

class MethodResultType:
    code: str
    description: str
    errorUUID: str

class AccountType:
    accountId: int
    accountName: str
    availableCredit: float

class accounts:
    accounts: List[AccountType]

class getAccounts:
    def __init__(self):
        self.accounts = accounts()
    result: MethodResultType
    @property
    def accounts(self):
        return self.accounts


client = Client(os.getenv("API_URL"), wsse=user_name_token)


# Getting real response from WSDL
accountsResponse: getAccounts = client.service.getAccounts()


# For testing using sample response
sampleResponse: getAccounts = getAccounts({
    'result': {
        'code': '1',
        'description': 'Success',
        'errorUUID': None
    },
    'accounts': {
        'accounts': [
            {
                'accountId': 1,
                'accountName': 'Ming',
                'availableCredit': 1
            }
        ]
    }
})