什么是“不能在顶层使用 `!!!`。”是什么意思,如何解决呢?

What does 'Can't use `!!!` at top level.' mean and how to resolve it?

我正在尝试使用 ggplot2 创建一个用于创建棒棒糖图的函数。我想将 ... 内的所有参数传递给 geom_point() 内的 aes()。但是,我想排除 size 参数 geom_segment() 内传递到 aes()(原因很明显,如果您查看a() 下面)。因此,我使用 rlang::enquos() 捕获 ... 而不是按原样传递它。在函数 a() 中,我将 dots 传递给 ggplot() 中的 aes(),这没有问题。但是在函数 b() 中我得到错误 Can't use '!!!' at top level.

我被困在这一点上,非常感谢任何解决此问题的意见。

library(ggplot2)
data("mtcars")

d <- dplyr::count(mtcars, cyl, am)

a <- function(data, x, y, ...) {
  x <- rlang::enquo(x)
  y <- rlang::enquo(y)
  dots <- rlang::enquos(...)

  ggplot(data, aes(!!x, !!y, !!!dots)) +
    geom_segment(aes(y = 0, xend = !!x, yend = !!y)) +
    geom_point()
}

b <- function(data, x, y, ...) {
  x <- rlang::enquo(x)
  y <- rlang::enquo(y)

  dots <- rlang::enquos(...)
  segment_args <- dots[names(dots) != "size"]

  ggplot(data, aes(!!x, !!y)) +
    geom_segment(aes(y = 0, xend = !!x, yend = !!y, !!!segment_args)) +
    geom_point(aes(!!!dots))
}

a(d, cyl, n, color = factor(am), size = am)


b(d, cyl, n, color = factor(am), size = am)
#> Error: Can't use `!!!` at top level.

这是我的 sessionInfo():

R version 3.5.2 (2018-12-20)
Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin16.7.0 (64-bit)
Running under: macOS Sierra 10.12.1

Matrix products: default
BLAS: /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libBLAS.dylib
LAPACK: /usr/local/Cellar/openblas/0.3.5/lib/libopenblasp-r0.3.5.dylib

locale:
[1] en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8/C/en_US.UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods  
[7] base     

other attached packages:
[1] ggplot2_3.2.1

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] Rcpp_1.0.3       digest_0.6.18    withr_2.1.2     
 [4] assertthat_0.2.0 crayon_1.3.4     dplyr_0.8.3     
 [7] grid_3.5.2       R6_2.3.0         gtable_0.2.0    
[10] magrittr_1.5     scales_1.0.0     pillar_1.4.2    
[13] rlang_0.4.2      lazyeval_0.2.1   rstudioapi_0.10 
[16] labeling_0.3     tools_3.5.2      glue_1.3.0      
[19] purrr_0.3.3      munsell_0.5.0    compiler_3.5.2  
[22] pkgconfig_2.0.2  colorspace_1.4-0 tidyselect_0.2.5
[25] tibble_2.1.3

我认为您不再需要引用/取消引用。相反,您可以使用双括号 {{ x }} 并将点保留为点 ...

以下内容有效并且更容易理解:

b <- function(data, x, y, ...) {
  ggplot(data, aes( {{x}} , {{y}} )) +
    geom_segment(aes(y = 0, xend = {{x}}, yend = {{y}}, ...)) +
    geom_point(aes(...))
}

如果您按照 rlang 的说明进行操作,您将获得更多详细信息:

> rlang::last_error()
<error>
message: Can't use `!!!` at top level.
class:   `rlang_error`
backtrace:
 1. global::b(d, cyl, n, color = factor(am), size = am)
 4. ggplot2::aes(y = 0, xend = !!x, yend = !!y, !!!segment_args)
 5. rlang::enquos(x = x, y = y, ..., .ignore_empty = "all")
 6. rlang:::endots(...)
 7. rlang:::map(...)
 8. base::lapply(.x, .f, ...)
 9. rlang:::FUN(X[[i]], ...)
Call `rlang::last_trace()` to see the full backtrace

然后

> rlang::last_trace()
    █
 1. └─global::b(d, cyl, n, color = factor(am), size = am)
 2.   ├─ggplot2::geom_segment(aes(y = 0, xend = !!x, yend = !!y, !!!segment_args))
 3.   │ └─ggplot2::layer(...)
 4.   └─ggplot2::aes(y = 0, xend = !!x, yend = !!y, !!!segment_args)
 5.     └─rlang::enquos(x = x, y = y, ..., .ignore_empty = "all")
 6.       └─rlang:::endots(...)
 7.         └─rlang:::map(...)
 8.           └─base::lapply(.x, .f, ...)
 9.             └─rlang:::FUN(X[[i]], ...)

看来问题出在 !!!segment_args

编辑 1:只是玩玩,但由于 segment_args 当前是单个值,我尝试了以下操作,错误确实消失了:

b <- function(data, x, y, ...) {
  x <- rlang::enquo(x)
  y <- rlang::enquo(y)

  dots <- rlang::enquos(...)
  print(dots)
  segment_args <- dots[[setdiff(names(dots), "size")]]
  print(names(dots))

  print(segment_args)

  ggplot(data, aes(!!x, !!y)) +
    geom_segment(aes(y = 0, xend = !!x, yend = !!y, !!segment_args)) +
    geom_point(aes(!!!dots))
}

这只能确认问题出在 !!! 的使用上因为上面现在给出了 aes(!!!dots) 的错误,这取决于在示例中 segment_args 中只有一个元素这一事实,但它可能为进一步调查

提供了依据

编辑 2:

您可以覆盖 geom_segmentsize 值,这样您就不必在之前操作引号:

b <- function(data, x, y, ...) {
  x <- enquo(x)
  y <- enquo(y)
  dots <- enquos(...)

  ggplot(data, aes(!!x, !!y, !!!dots)) +
    geom_segment(aes(y = 0, xend = !!x, yend = !!y), size = 1) +
    geom_point(aes())
}

b(d, cyl, n)
b(d, cyl, n, color = factor(am))
b(d, cyl, n, color = factor(am), size = am)

编辑:根据我关于提供明确论证的评论,我尝试了这个并且它似乎有效

b <- function(data, x, y, color, size) {
  x <- enquo(x)
  y <- enquo(y)
  color <- enquo(color)
  size <- enquo(size)

  ggplot(data, aes(!!x, !!y, color = !!color)) +
    geom_segment(aes(y = 0, xend = !!x, yend = !!y)) +
    geom_point(aes(size=!!size))
}

根据您的示例,我建议采用以下变通方法,其中需要的变量是在函数内创建的,而不是从 ... 传递的,这样您就不必在对 [= 的调用中取消引用16=].

library(dplyr)
library(rlang)
library(ggplot2)

data("mtcars")
d <- dplyr::count(mtcars, cyl, am)

b <- function(data, x, y, aspect) {
  x <- enquo(x)
  y <- enquo(y)
  aspect <- enquo(aspect)

  data <- data %>% mutate(
    color = factor(!!aspect),
    size = !!aspect
  )

  ggplot(data, aes(!!x, !!y, color = color)) +
    geom_segment(aes(y = 0, xend = !!x, yend = !!y)) +
    geom_point(aes(size=size))
}

b(d, cyl, n, am)

显然这是 aes() 的一个已知问题,您可以验证 here。解决方法是:

b <- function(data, x, y, ...) {
  x <- rlang::enquo(x)
  y <- rlang::enquo(y)

  dots <- rlang::enquos(...)
  segment_args <- dots[names(dots) != "size"]

  ggplot(data, aes(!!x, !!y)) +
    geom_segment(aes(, y = 0, xend = !!x, yend = !!y, !!!segment_args)) +
    geom_point(aes(, , !!!dots))
}

注意 geom_segment() 中的单逗号和 geom_point() 中的双逗号。