尝试使用 CMake 和 MinGW W64 构建时出现多个重定义错误

Question

我遇到了一个似乎无法解决的问题。我正在尝试构建一个使用名为 spdlog 的日志记录库的项目，但是当我在我的项目中使用它时它不会构建。 MinGW64 报告某些函数有多个定义：

Scanning dependencies of target Application
[ 91%] Building CXX object Application/CMakeFiles/Application.dir/src/main.cpp.obj
[100%] Linking CXX executable ..\Debug\bin\Application.exe
../Debug/lib/libspdlogd.a(fmt.cpp.obj): In function `std::is_same<long double, float> fmt::v6::internal::const_check<std::is_same<long double, float> >(std::is_same<long double, float>)':
D:/Development/git/cmaketest/third_party/spdlog/include/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format-inl.h:58: multiple definition of `fmt::v6::internal::assert_fail(char const*, int, char const*)'
../Debug/lib/libTools.dll.a(d000329.o):(.text+0x0): first defined here
../Debug/lib/libspdlogd.a(fmt.cpp.obj): In function `fmt::v6::format_error::~format_error()':
D:/Development/git/cmaketest/third_party/spdlog/include/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format.h:691: multiple definition of `fmt::v6::format_error::~format_error()'
../Debug/lib/libTools.dll.a(d000167.o):(.text+0x0): first defined here
../Debug/lib/libspdlogd.a(fmt.cpp.obj): In function `fmt::v6::internal::error_handler::on_error(char const*)':
D:/Development/git/cmaketest/third_party/spdlog/include/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format-inl.h:1363: multiple definition of `fmt::v6::internal::error_handler::on_error(char const*)'
../Debug/lib/libTools.dll.a(d000735.o):(.text+0x0): first defined here
../Debug/lib/libspdlogd.a(fmt.cpp.obj): In function `std::string fmt::v6::internal::grouping_impl<char>(fmt::v6::internal::locale_ref)':
D:/Development/git/cmaketest/third_party/spdlog/include/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format-inl.h:203: multiple definition of `std::string fmt::v6::internal::grouping_impl<char>(fmt::v6::internal::locale_ref)'
../Debug/lib/libTools.dll.a(d000741.o):(.text+0x0): first defined here
../Debug/lib/libspdlogd.a(fmt.cpp.obj): In function `char fmt::v6::internal::thousands_sep_impl<char>(fmt::v6::internal::locale_ref)':
D:/Development/git/cmaketest/third_party/spdlog/include/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format-inl.h:206: multiple definition of `char fmt::v6::internal::thousands_sep_impl<char>(fmt::v6::internal::locale_ref)'
../Debug/lib/libTools.dll.a(d000999.o):(.text+0x0): first defined here
../Debug/lib/libspdlogd.a(fmt.cpp.obj): In function `char fmt::v6::internal::decimal_point_impl<char>(fmt::v6::internal::locale_ref)':
D:/Development/git/cmaketest/third_party/spdlog/include/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format-inl.h:210: multiple definition of `char fmt::v6::internal::decimal_point_impl<char>(fmt::v6::internal::locale_ref)'
../Debug/lib/libTools.dll.a(d000994.o):(.text+0x0): first defined here
../Debug/lib/libspdlogd.a(fmt.cpp.obj): In function `int fmt::v6::internal::snprintf_float<double>(double, int, fmt::v6::internal::float_specs, fmt::v6::internal::buffer<char>&)':
D:/Development/git/cmaketest/third_party/spdlog/include/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format-inl.h:1117: multiple definition of `int fmt::v6::internal::snprintf_float<double>(double, int, fmt::v6::internal::float_specs, fmt::v6::internal::buffer<char>&)'
../Debug/lib/libTools.dll.a(d000876.o):(.text+0x0): first defined here
../Debug/lib/libspdlogd.a(fmt.cpp.obj): In function `int fmt::v6::internal::snprintf_float<long double>(long double, int, fmt::v6::internal::float_specs, fmt::v6::internal::buffer<char>&)':
D:/Development/git/cmaketest/third_party/spdlog/include/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format-inl.h:1117: multiple definition of `int fmt::v6::internal::snprintf_float<long double>(long double, int, fmt::v6::internal::float_specs, fmt::v6::internal::buffer<char>&)'
../Debug/lib/libTools.dll.a(d000877.o):(.text+0x0): first defined here
../Debug/lib/libspdlogd.a(fmt.cpp.obj): In function `int fmt::v6::internal::format_float<double>(double, int, fmt::v6::internal::float_specs, fmt::v6::internal::buffer<char>&)':
D:/Development/git/cmaketest/third_party/spdlog/include/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format-inl.h:1045: multiple definition of `int fmt::v6::internal::format_float<double>(double, int, fmt::v6::internal::float_specs, fmt::v6::internal::buffer<char>&)'
../Debug/lib/libTools.dll.a(d000693.o):(.text+0x0): first defined here
../Debug/lib/libspdlogd.a(fmt.cpp.obj): In function `int fmt::v6::internal::format_float<long double>(long double, int, fmt::v6::internal::float_specs, fmt::v6::internal::buffer<char>&)':
D:/Development/git/cmaketest/third_party/spdlog/include/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format-inl.h:1045: multiple definition of `int fmt::v6::internal::format_float<long double>(long double, int, fmt::v6::internal::float_specs, fmt::v6::internal::buffer<char>&)'
../Debug/lib/libTools.dll.a(d000695.o):(.text+0x0): first defined here
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
mingw32-make[2]: *** [Application\CMakeFiles\Application.dir\build.make:88: Debug/bin/Application.exe] Error 1
mingw32-make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles\Makefile2:190: Application/CMakeFiles/Application.dir/all] Error 2
mingw32-make: *** [Makefile:83: all] Error 2

现在，我做了一个单独的项目，只需要重现这个问题，希望找到解决方案，但我得到了相同的结果。我也尝试过通过 visual studio 进行构建，这很有效，尽管创建库的方式当然是不同的。也尝试了不同版本的 MinGW64 但不幸的是也没有解决它。

为了演示问题，这里是这个 "bare minimum" 项目的内容。

我的项目分为三个部分：应用程序、third_party 和工具。 Third_party 在这种情况下包含一个 git spdlog 存储库的子模块

应用程序包含一个包含以下内容的文件main.cpp

#include "Logger.h"
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    DEBUGERROR("error in main {}", 1);
    getchar();
    return 0;
}

工具包括以下内容：

Logger.cpp

#pragma once
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>

#define DEBUGERROR(userFormat,...) spdlog::error("[{}] [{}:{}] " userFormat, __COMPONENT__, __func__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#define DEBUGINFO(userFormat,...) spdlog::info("[{}] [{}:{}] " userFormat, __COMPONENT__, __func__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);;
#define DEBUGWARNING(userFormat,...) spdlog::warn("[{}] [{}:{}] " userFormat, __COMPONENT__, __func__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);
#define DEBUGCRITICAL(userFormat,...) spdlog::critical("[{}] [{}:{}] " userFormat, __COMPONENT__, __func__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__);

namespace Tools
{
    class Logger
    {
    public:
        void Logger::init()
        {
            spdlog::set_pattern("%^[thread %t] [%H:%M:%S] [%l] [%s:%#] %v%$");
        }
    };
}

Printer.h

#pragma once

class Printer
{
public:
    Printer();
    virtual ~Printer();
    static void printError();
private:
};

Printer.cpp

#include "printer.h"
#include "Logger.h"

Printer::Printer()
{

}
Printer::~Printer()
{

}

void Printer::printError()
{
    DEBUGERROR("printing an error {}", 1);
}

为了构建它，我创建了 3 个 cmake 文件。

根目录CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15.3)
project(AllProjects LANGUAGES CXX C)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)

set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}/lib)
set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}/lib)
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}/bin)

add_subdirectory("third_party/spdlog")
add_subdirectory("Tools")
add_subdirectory("Application")

申请CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15.3)
project(Application LANGUAGES CXX C)
add_definitions( /D__COMPONENT__="app" )

file(GLOB_RECURSE SOURCES src/*.cpp)

set(INCLUDEDIR ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
               ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Tools/include
)

include_directories(${INCLUDEDIR})
add_executable(Application ${SOURCES})
target_link_libraries (Application Tools)

工具CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15.3)
project(Tools LANGUAGES CXX C)

add_definitions( /D__COMPONENT__="tools" )

file(GLOB_RECURSE SOURCES src/*.cpp
)

set(INCLUDEDIR ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/spdlog/include
)

include_directories(${INCLUDEDIR})

add_library(Tools SHARED ${SOURCES})
target_link_libraries (Tools spdlog)

最后，我使用以下一组命令来构建所有内容：

cd build
cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_WINDOWS_EXPORT_ALL_SYMBOLS=TRUE -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=TRUE -G "MinGW Makefiles" ..
mingw32-make
cd ..

所以最后，项目结构如下：

项目

申请
- 包括
- 源码
- CMakeLists.txt
工具
- 包括
- 源码
- CMakeLists.txt
third_party
- spdlog 存储库作为 git 子模块
CMakeLists.txt

当我开始在多个文件中包含 Logger.h 时，问题才开始出现。我希望我提供了足够的信息来阐明问题。任何帮助将不胜感激！

Answer 1

我找到了一个有效的解决方案，但有一个副作用，即必须在包含工具的项目中单独包含 spdlog。在 Tools CMakeLists.txt 中，我必须将最后一行 "target_link_libraries (Tools spdlog)" 更改为 target_link_libraries (Tools PRIVATE spdlog)。这样做之后，我确实必须将“${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/spdlog/include”添加到我的应用程序的包含路径中。出于某种原因，spdlog 是唯一需要我这样做的外部项目。不是我真正想要的，因为我现在必须在所有需要它的未来项目中包括 spdlog 和工具，但它现在确实有效。

更新工具CMakeLists.txt:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15.3)
project(Tools LANGUAGES CXX C)

add_definitions( /D__COMPONENT__="tools" )

file(GLOB_RECURSE SOURCES src/*.cpp
)

set(INCLUDEDIR ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
    ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/spdlog/include
)

include_directories(${INCLUDEDIR})

add_library(Tools SHARED ${SOURCES})
target_link_libraries (Tools PRIVATE spdlog)

已更新应用程序CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15.3)
project(Application LANGUAGES CXX C)
add_definitions( /D__COMPONENT__="app" )

file(GLOB_RECURSE SOURCES src/*.cpp)

set(INCLUDEDIR ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
               ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/Tools/include
               ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/spdlog/include
)

include_directories(${INCLUDEDIR})
add_executable(Application ${SOURCES})
target_link_libraries (Application Tools)

尝试使用 CMake 和 MinGW W64 构建时出现多个重定义错误

Getting multiple redifinition errors when trying to build using CMake and MinGW64

c++

cmake

mingw-w64

spdlog