Django 表单字段不会显示
Django form fields will not display
我正在关注 Code School 上的 Django Fundamentals 教程，并且我已经很好地理解、跟进并解决了我自己出现的问题，直到现在。本教程构建一个井字游戏。
我正在尝试添加在轮到用户时移动的功能。
我的相关代码如下。我已经缩小到我认为它与使用上下文有关的程度，因为如果我将它取出并尝试以下操作，它将显示表单。我想确保我的表单没问题，如果这样做的话它似乎可以正确显示。
if request.method == 'POST':
form = MoveForm(data=request.POST, instance=Move(game=game))
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('tictactoe_game_detail', pk=pk)
else:
form = MoveForm()
return render(request, "tictactoe/game_do_move.html", {'form': form})
看到了吗？它显示表单，但仅显示表单：
我希望它显示在提交按钮上方的框中，但由于某种原因它不在那里。
我非常有信心表格没问题。我也试过这个只是为了看看这些字段是否不存在或上下文中有什么东西，但它显示 x，y 作为字段。
我已经盯着这个看了一天了，我不知道我做错了什么。我正在使用 Django 1.8.1。 （该教程适用于 1.6，但到目前为止似乎没问题。迁移而不是 syncdb 似乎是我注意到的最大变化之一）
感谢您的所有帮助！
代码：
models.py
class Game(models.Model):
first_player = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="games_first_player")
second_player = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="games_second_player")
next_to_move = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="games_to_move")
start_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
last_active = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
status = models.CharField(max_length=1, default='A', choices=GAME_STATUS_CHOICES)
objects = GamesManager()
def as_board(self):
"""Return a representation of the game board as a two dimensional list,
so you can ask for the state of a square in position [y][x].
It will contain a list of lines, where eveyr line is a list of 'X', 'O', or ''.
For example, a 3x3 board position:
[['', 'X', ''],
['O', '', ''],
['X', '', '']]
"""
board = [['' for x in range(BOARD_SIZE)] for y in range(BOARD_SIZE)]
for move in self.move_set.all():
board[move.y][move.x] = FIRST_PLAYER_MOVE if move.by_first_player else SECOND_PLAYER_MOVE
return board
def last_move(self):
return self.move_set.latest()
def get_absolute_url(self):
return reverse('tictactoe_game_detail', args=[self.id])
def games_for_user(self, user):
return "none"
def is_users_move(self, user):
return self.status == 'A' and self.next_to_move == user
def __str__(self):
return "{0} vs {1}".format(self.first_player, self.second_player)
class Move(models.Model):
x = models.IntegerField(validators=[MinValueValidator(0), MaxValueValidator(BOARD_SIZE-1)])
y = models.IntegerField(validators=[MinValueValidator(0), MaxValueValidator(BOARD_SIZE-1)])
comment = models.CharField(max_length=300, blank=True)
game = models.ForeignKey(Game)
by_first_player = models.BooleanField(default=False)
timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
class Meta:
get_latest_by = 'timestamp'
def player(self):
return self.game.first_player if self.by_first_player else self.game.second_player
views.py
@login_required
def game_detail(request, pk):
game = get_object_or_404(Game, pk=pk)
if game.is_users_move(request.user):
return redirect('tictactoe_game_do_move', pk=pk)
return render(request, "tictactoe/game_detail.html", {'game': game})
@login_required
def game_do_move(request, pk):
game = get_object_or_404(Game, pk=pk)
if not game.is_users_move(request.user):
raise PermissionDenied
context = {'game': game}
if request.method == 'POST':
form = MoveForm(data=request.POST, instance=Move(game=game))
context['form'] = form
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('tictactoe_game_detail', pk=pk)
else:
context['form'] = MoveForm()
return render(request, "tictactoe/game_do_move.html", {'game': game})
game_do_move.html
{% extends "tictactoe/game_detail.html" %}
{% load staticfiles %}
{% load crispy_forms_tags %}
{% block styling %}
{{ block.super }}
<style type="text/css">
.tictactoe-cell.empty:hover {
background-color: #48CA3B;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
{% endblock styling %}
{% block moveform %}
{{ block.super }}
<div class="well col-md-6">
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form | crispy }}
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</div>
{% endblock moveform %}
game_detail.html
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% load staticfiles %}
{% block title %}
Tic-Tac-Toe game: {{ game.first_player }} vs {{ game.second_player }}
{% endblock title %}
{% block styling %}
{{ block.super }}
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="{% static 'bootstrap/font-awesome-4.3.0/font-awesome-4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css' %}">
<style type="text/css">
.tictactoe-cell {
background-color: #debb27;
}
#last-move {
background-color: #DF6E1E;
}
</style>
{% endblock styling %}
{% block content %}
<h3>Game: {{ game }}</h3>
<div class="col-sm-9">
<table class="table table-bordered" style="width: 60px; border-width: 2px">
{% for line in game.as_board %}
<tr>
{% for square in line %}
<td class="tictactoe-cell {% if not square %}empty{% endif %}"
style="width: 20px; height: 20px">
{{ square }}
</td>
{% endfor %}
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
{% block moveform %}{% endblock moveform %}
</div>
{% endblock content %}
forms.py
class MoveForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Move
exclude = ['game', 'by_first_player', 'comment']
urls.py
urlpatterns = patterns('tictactoe.views',
url(r'^invite$', 'new_invitation', name='tictactoe_invite'),
url(r'^invitation/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', 'accept_invitation', name='tictactoe_accept_invitation'),
url(r'^game/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', 'game_detail', name='tictactoe_game_detail'),
url(r'^game/(?P<pk>\d+)/do_move$', 'game_do_move', name='tictactoe_game_do_move'),
)
问题出在views.py。在行中：
return render(request, "tictactoe/game_do_move.html", {'game': game})
部分 {'game': game} 是 context。对于任何 GET 请求（如呈现空白表单），您不会呈现 form 上下文变量。
将该行更改为：
return render(request, "tictactoe/game_do_move.html", context)
它应该可以工作。您将空白 form 对象添加到行
中的上下文变量
else:
context['form'] = MoveForm()
但如果不将其传递给 render 方法，它将不会出现在模板中。
我正在关注 Code School 上的 Django Fundamentals 教程，并且我已经很好地理解、跟进并解决了我自己出现的问题，直到现在。本教程构建一个井字游戏。
我正在尝试添加在轮到用户时移动的功能。
我的相关代码如下。我已经缩小到我认为它与使用上下文有关的程度，因为如果我将它取出并尝试以下操作，它将显示表单。我想确保我的表单没问题，如果这样做的话它似乎可以正确显示。
if request.method == 'POST':
form = MoveForm(data=request.POST, instance=Move(game=game))
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('tictactoe_game_detail', pk=pk)
else:
form = MoveForm()
return render(request, "tictactoe/game_do_move.html", {'form': form})
看到了吗？它显示表单，但仅显示表单：
我希望它显示在提交按钮上方的框中，但由于某种原因它不在那里。
我非常有信心表格没问题。我也试过这个只是为了看看这些字段是否不存在或上下文中有什么东西，但它显示 x，y 作为字段。
我已经盯着这个看了一天了，我不知道我做错了什么。我正在使用 Django 1.8.1。 （该教程适用于 1.6，但到目前为止似乎没问题。迁移而不是 syncdb 似乎是我注意到的最大变化之一）
感谢您的所有帮助！
代码：
models.py
class Game(models.Model):
first_player = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="games_first_player")
second_player = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="games_second_player")
next_to_move = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="games_to_move")
start_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
last_active = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
status = models.CharField(max_length=1, default='A', choices=GAME_STATUS_CHOICES)
objects = GamesManager()
def as_board(self):
"""Return a representation of the game board as a two dimensional list,
so you can ask for the state of a square in position [y][x].
It will contain a list of lines, where eveyr line is a list of 'X', 'O', or ''.
For example, a 3x3 board position:
[['', 'X', ''],
['O', '', ''],
['X', '', '']]
"""
board = [['' for x in range(BOARD_SIZE)] for y in range(BOARD_SIZE)]
for move in self.move_set.all():
board[move.y][move.x] = FIRST_PLAYER_MOVE if move.by_first_player else SECOND_PLAYER_MOVE
return board
def last_move(self):
return self.move_set.latest()
def get_absolute_url(self):
return reverse('tictactoe_game_detail', args=[self.id])
def games_for_user(self, user):
return "none"
def is_users_move(self, user):
return self.status == 'A' and self.next_to_move == user
def __str__(self):
return "{0} vs {1}".format(self.first_player, self.second_player)
class Move(models.Model):
x = models.IntegerField(validators=[MinValueValidator(0), MaxValueValidator(BOARD_SIZE-1)])
y = models.IntegerField(validators=[MinValueValidator(0), MaxValueValidator(BOARD_SIZE-1)])
comment = models.CharField(max_length=300, blank=True)
game = models.ForeignKey(Game)
by_first_player = models.BooleanField(default=False)
timestamp = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
class Meta:
get_latest_by = 'timestamp'
def player(self):
return self.game.first_player if self.by_first_player else self.game.second_player
views.py
@login_required
def game_detail(request, pk):
game = get_object_or_404(Game, pk=pk)
if game.is_users_move(request.user):
return redirect('tictactoe_game_do_move', pk=pk)
return render(request, "tictactoe/game_detail.html", {'game': game})
@login_required
def game_do_move(request, pk):
game = get_object_or_404(Game, pk=pk)
if not game.is_users_move(request.user):
raise PermissionDenied
context = {'game': game}
if request.method == 'POST':
form = MoveForm(data=request.POST, instance=Move(game=game))
context['form'] = form
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('tictactoe_game_detail', pk=pk)
else:
context['form'] = MoveForm()
return render(request, "tictactoe/game_do_move.html", {'game': game})
game_do_move.html
{% extends "tictactoe/game_detail.html" %}
{% load staticfiles %}
{% load crispy_forms_tags %}
{% block styling %}
{{ block.super }}
<style type="text/css">
.tictactoe-cell.empty:hover {
background-color: #48CA3B;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
{% endblock styling %}
{% block moveform %}
{{ block.super }}
<div class="well col-md-6">
<form action="" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form | crispy }}
<button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>
</div>
{% endblock moveform %}
game_detail.html
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% load staticfiles %}
{% block title %}
Tic-Tac-Toe game: {{ game.first_player }} vs {{ game.second_player }}
{% endblock title %}
{% block styling %}
{{ block.super }}
<link rel="stylesheet"
href="{% static 'bootstrap/font-awesome-4.3.0/font-awesome-4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css' %}">
<style type="text/css">
.tictactoe-cell {
background-color: #debb27;
}
#last-move {
background-color: #DF6E1E;
}
</style>
{% endblock styling %}
{% block content %}
<h3>Game: {{ game }}</h3>
<div class="col-sm-9">
<table class="table table-bordered" style="width: 60px; border-width: 2px">
{% for line in game.as_board %}
<tr>
{% for square in line %}
<td class="tictactoe-cell {% if not square %}empty{% endif %}"
style="width: 20px; height: 20px">
{{ square }}
</td>
{% endfor %}
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
{% block moveform %}{% endblock moveform %}
</div>
{% endblock content %}
forms.py
class MoveForm(ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Move
exclude = ['game', 'by_first_player', 'comment']
urls.py
urlpatterns = patterns('tictactoe.views',
url(r'^invite$', 'new_invitation', name='tictactoe_invite'),
url(r'^invitation/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', 'accept_invitation', name='tictactoe_accept_invitation'),
url(r'^game/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', 'game_detail', name='tictactoe_game_detail'),
url(r'^game/(?P<pk>\d+)/do_move$', 'game_do_move', name='tictactoe_game_do_move'),
)
问题出在views.py。在行中：
return render(request, "tictactoe/game_do_move.html", {'game': game})
部分 {'game': game} 是 context。对于任何 GET 请求（如呈现空白表单），您不会呈现 form 上下文变量。
将该行更改为：
return render(request, "tictactoe/game_do_move.html", context)
它应该可以工作。您将空白 form 对象添加到行
else:
context['form'] = MoveForm()
但如果不将其传递给 render 方法，它将不会出现在模板中。