在 Ionic 应用程序中使用 Vega 图表会导致在某些设备上启动时出现运行时错误

Using Vega Charts in an Ionic App causes runtime errors in launching on some devices

令我懊恼的是,我发现我开发的 Ionic 4 应用程序在 Android (8.0) phone 以及 iPhone,在 Android (8.1) 平板电脑的初始屏幕上冻结,在 iPad 上启动时崩溃。使用 adb logcat 诊断技术,我观察到在 er运行t Android 平板电脑上,vendor-es5.js 中报告了语法错误,当我深入到 www 文件夹时我的项目并转到错误的引用行,它说 SyntaxError: Unexpected token *,我登陆的代码显然来自 node_modules/d3-delaunay/src/delaunay.js 并且使用了 es6 求幂运算符 **,具体来说:

r = 1e-8 * Math.sqrt((bounds[3] - bounds[1])**2 + (bounds[2] - bounds[0])**2);

我不知道为什么这段代码在 一些 设备上有问题,我也不知道是什么导致了这段代码,它不是 es5 (?) vendor-es5.js 文件没有被适当地 t运行spiled。为了更进一步,我手动修改了那个 delaunay.js 文件,用 Math.pow() 的等价用法替换了所有求幂实例,果然,运行时间更进一步,但最终 运行在来自 node_modules/vega-dataflow/src/dataflow/load.js 的函数中再次搁浅并抱怨 SyntaxError: Unexpected token function,特别是在这一行:

export async function request(url, format) {

同样,显然 async/await 不是 es5 结构,所以为什么它以 vendor-es5.js 结尾。在这一点上,我觉得这里有些系统性的错误,而且除了可能切换图形库之外,我还没有能力理解如何克服它?我想尽可能避免这种情况,所以我的问题是:

  1. 为什么会这样?
  2. 为什么它只对部分设备而不是所有设备产生影响?
  3. 有没有一种方法可以在不切换到其他图形库的情况下解决这个问题?

更新 #1

因为它是一个 Ionic4 项目,这意味着它是一个 Angular 8 项目,这意味着它是一个 Webpack 项目(与平台的默认设置一样)。所以这是我的 angular.json 文件:

{
  "$schema": "./node_modules/@angular/cli/lib/config/schema.json",
  "version": 1,
  "defaultProject": "app",
  "newProjectRoot": "projects",
  "projects": {
    "app": {
      "root": "",
      "sourceRoot": "src",
      "projectType": "application",
      "prefix": "app",
      "schematics": {},
      "architect": {
        "build": {
          "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:browser",
          "options": {
            "outputPath": "www",
            "index": "src/index.html",
            "main": "src/main.ts",
            "polyfills": "src/polyfills.ts",
            "tsConfig": "tsconfig.app.json",
            "assets": [
              {
                "glob": "**/*",
                "input": "src/assets",
                "output": "assets"
              },
              {
                "glob": "**/*.svg",
                "input": "node_modules/ionicons/dist/ionicons/svg",
                "output": "./svg"
              }
            ],
            "styles": [
              {
                "input": "src/theme/variables.scss"
              },
              {
                "input": "src/global.scss"
              }
            ],
            "scripts": []
          },
          "configurations": {
            "production": {
              "fileReplacements": [
                {
                  "replace": "src/environments/environment.ts",
                  "with": "src/environments/environment.prod.ts"
                }
              ],
              "optimization": true,
              "outputHashing": "all",
              "sourceMap": false,
              "extractCss": true,
              "namedChunks": false,
              "aot": true,
              "extractLicenses": true,
              "vendorChunk": false,
              "buildOptimizer": true,
              "budgets": [
                {
                  "type": "initial",
                  "maximumWarning": "2mb",
                  "maximumError": "5mb"
                }
              ]
            },
            "ci": {
              "progress": false
            }
          }
        },
        "serve": {
          "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:dev-server",
          "options": {
            "browserTarget": "app:build"
          },
          "configurations": {
            "production": {
              "browserTarget": "app:build:production"
            },
            "ci": {
              "progress": false
            }
          }
        },
        "extract-i18n": {
          "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:extract-i18n",
          "options": {
            "browserTarget": "app:build"
          }
        },
        "test": {
          "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:karma",
          "options": {
            "main": "src/test.ts",
            "polyfills": "src/polyfills.ts",
            "tsConfig": "tsconfig.spec.json",
            "karmaConfig": "karma.conf.js",
            "styles": [],
            "scripts": [],
            "assets": [
              {
                "glob": "favicon.ico",
                "input": "src/",
                "output": "/"
              },
              {
                "glob": "**/*",
                "input": "src/assets",
                "output": "/assets"
              }
            ]
          },
          "configurations": {
            "ci": {
              "progress": false,
              "watch": false
            }
          }
        },
        "lint": {
          "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:tslint",
          "options": {
            "tsConfig": [
              "tsconfig.app.json",
              "tsconfig.spec.json",
              "e2e/tsconfig.json"
            ],
            "exclude": ["**/node_modules/**"]
          }
        },
        "e2e": {
          "builder": "@angular-devkit/build-angular:protractor",
          "options": {
            "protractorConfig": "e2e/protractor.conf.js",
            "devServerTarget": "app:serve"
          },
          "configurations": {
            "production": {
              "devServerTarget": "app:serve:production"
            },
            "ci": {
              "devServerTarget": "app:serve:ci"
            }
          }
        },
        "ionic-cordova-build": {
          "builder": "@ionic/angular-toolkit:cordova-build",
          "options": {
            "browserTarget": "app:build"
          },
          "configurations": {
            "production": {
              "browserTarget": "app:build:production"
            }
          }
        },
        "ionic-cordova-serve": {
          "builder": "@ionic/angular-toolkit:cordova-serve",
          "options": {
            "cordovaBuildTarget": "app:ionic-cordova-build",
            "devServerTarget": "app:serve"
          },
          "configurations": {
            "production": {
              "cordovaBuildTarget": "app:ionic-cordova-build:production",
              "devServerTarget": "app:serve:production"
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "cli": {
    "defaultCollection": "@ionic/angular-toolkit"
  },
  "schematics": {
    "@ionic/angular-toolkit:component": {
      "styleext": "scss"
    },
    "@ionic/angular-toolkit:page": {
      "styleext": "scss"
    }
  }
}

... 这是我的项目 package.json 文件的相关子集:

{
  "dependencies": {
    "@angular/common": "~8.1.2",
    "@angular/core": "~8.1.2",
    "@angular/forms": "~8.1.2",
    "@angular/http": "^7.2.15",
    "@angular/platform-browser": "~8.1.2",
    "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "~8.1.2",
    "@angular/router": "~8.1.2",
    "@ionic-native/core": "^5.15.1",
    "@ionic/angular": "^4.7.1",
    "vega": "~5.6.0",
    "vega-lite": "^3.4.0",
    "vega-themes": "^2.4.0",
    "zone.js": "~0.9.1"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@angular-devkit/architect": "~0.801.2",
    "@angular-devkit/build-angular": "~0.801.2",
    "@angular-devkit/core": "~8.1.2",
    "@angular-devkit/schematics": "~8.1.2",
    "@angular/cli": "~8.1.2",
    "@angular/compiler": "~8.1.2",
    "@angular/compiler-cli": "~8.1.2",
    "@angular/language-service": "~8.1.2",
    "@ionic/angular-toolkit": "~2.0.0",
    "@types/jasmine": "~3.3.8",
    "@types/jasminewd2": "~2.0.3",
    "@types/node": "~8.9.4",
    "codelyzer": "^5.0.0",
    "jasmine-core": "~3.4.0",
    "jasmine-spec-reporter": "~4.2.1",
    "karma": "~4.1.0",
    "karma-chrome-launcher": "~2.2.0",
    "karma-coverage-istanbul-reporter": "~2.0.1",
    "karma-jasmine": "~2.0.1",
    "karma-jasmine-html-reporter": "^1.4.0",
    "protractor": "~5.4.0",
    "ts-node": "~7.0.0",
    "tslint": "~5.15.0",
    "typescript": "~3.4.3"
  }
}

更新 #2

继续尝试解决这个问题,我对 package.json 进行了以下一组更新:

  "dependences": 
    "tslib": added => "^1.10.0" 
    "vega": "~5.6.0" => "^5.9.0"
    "vega-lite": "^3.4.0" => "^4.0.2"

  "devDependencies": 
    "@angular/compiler": "~8.1.2" => "~8.2.9"
    "@angular/compiler-cli": "~8.1.2" => "~8.2.9"
    "typescript": "~3.4.3" => "~3.5.3"

... 通过这些更改,我认为我在 www/vendor-es5.js 文件中获得了明显的 es5 编译输出,而我的 adb logcat 结果似乎并未指示语法错误。不幸的是,该应用程序仍然无法通过启动画面(同样,这仅在 某些 设备上出现)。

这是我的 tsconfig.json 项目文件:

{
  "compileOnSave": false,
  "compilerOptions": {
    "baseUrl": "./",
    "outDir": "./dist/out-tsc",
    "sourceMap": true,
    "declaration": false,
    "module": "esnext",
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,
    "experimentalDecorators": true,
    "importHelpers": true,
    "target": "es2015",
    "typeRoots": [
      "node_modules/@types"
    ],
    "lib": [
      "es2018",
      "dom"
    ]
  },
  "angularCompilerOptions": {
    "fullTemplateTypeCheck": true,
    "strictInjectionParameters": true
  }
}

... 就 vega 的用法而言,其症结在于:

    const theme = vega.fivethirtyeight;
    this._view = new vega.View(vega.parse(vegaSpec, theme), {})
      .initialize(this.container.nativeElement)
      .logLevel(vega.Warn)
      .renderer('svg');

... 在有问题的设备上,如果我将 adb logcat 输出过滤为 E(错误)行,我会看到:

01-10 09:17:27.650  6413  6413 E ApkAssets: Error while loading asset assets/natives_blob_64.bin: java.io.FileNotFoundException: assets/natives_blob_64.bin
01-10 09:17:27.651  6413  6413 E ApkAssets: Error while loading asset assets/snapshot_blob_64.bin: java.io.FileNotFoundException: assets/snapshot_blob_64.bin
01-10 09:17:27.680  6413  6413 E         : appName=xxxxxx, acAppName=/system/bin/surfaceflinger
01-10 09:17:27.680  6413  6413 E         : 0
01-10 09:17:27.683  6413  6413 E         : appName=xxxxxx, acAppName=vStudio.Android.Camera360
01-10 09:17:27.683  6413  6413 E         : 0
01-10 09:17:27.781  6413  6413 E MPlugin : Unsupported class: com.mediatek.common.telephony.IOnlyOwnerSimSupport
01-10 09:17:28.153  6413  6464 E libEGL  : validate_display:99 error 3008 (EGL_BAD_DISPLAY)
01-10 09:17:28.432  6413  6464 E         : appName=xxxxxx, acAppName=vStudio.Android.Camera360
01-10 09:17:28.433  6413  6464 E         : 0
01-10 09:17:28.436  6413  6464 E         : appName=xxxxxx, acAppName=vStudio.Android.Camera360
01-10 09:17:28.436  6413  6464 E         : 0
01-10 09:17:28.437  6413  6464 E         : appName=xxxxxx, acAppName=vStudio.Android.Camera360
01-10 09:17:28.437  6413  6464 E         : 0
01-10 09:17:30.514  6413  6455 E         : appName=xxxxxx, acAppName=vStudio.Android.Camera360
01-10 09:17:30.514  6413  6455 E         : 0
01-10 09:17:30.515  6413  6455 E         : app

...这里有 W(警告)行:

01-10 09:17:27.835  6413  6413 W chromium: [WARNING:password_handler.cc(33)] create-->contents = 0x9c66ec00, delegate = 0xa4b7edd0
01-10 09:17:27.835  6413  6413 W chromium: [WARNING:password_handler.cc(41)] attaching to web_contents 
01-10 09:17:27.837  6413  6413 W cr_AwContents: onDetachedFromWindow called when already detached. Ignoring
01-10 09:17:28.185  6413  6455 W libEGL  : [ANDROID_RECORDABLE] format: 1
01-10 09:17:28.209  6413  6464 W VideoCapabilities: Unrecognized profile/level 1/32 for video/mp4v-es
01-10 09:17:28.209  6413  6464 W VideoCapabilities: Unrecognized profile/level 32768/2 for video/mp4v-es
01-10 09:17:28.209  6413  6464 W VideoCapabilities: Unrecognized profile/level 32768/64 for video/mp4v-es
01-10 09:17:28.244  6413  6455 W libEGL  : [ANDROID_RECORDABLE] format: 1
01-10 09:17:28.248  6413  6464 W VideoCapabilities: Unsupported mime video/x-ms-wmv
01-10 09:17:28.253  6413  6464 W VideoCapabilities: Unsupported mime video/divx
01-10 09:17:28.262  6413  6464 W VideoCapabilities: Unsupported mime video/xvid
01-10 09:17:28.268  6413  6464 W VideoCapabilities: Unsupported mime video/flv1
01-10 09:17:28.274  6413  6464 W VideoCapabilities: Unrecognized profile/level 1/32 for video/mp4v-es
01-10 09:17:28.485  6413  6413 W cr_BindingManager: Cannot call determinedVisibility() - never saw a connection for the pid: 6413
01-10 09:17:28.568  6413  6413 W cr_BindingManager: Cannot call determinedVisibility() - never saw a connection for the pid: 6413

首先我想说这确实是 vega 包错误 - 我认为通过 npm 交付未转译的代码是一种糟糕的方式。例如 Angular Package Format 保证您将获得 es5 有效代码,如果您需要的话。但是 vega 不是一个明确的 angular 依赖所以让我们解决它。

为什么会这样?

因为一些开发人员以 es6+ 标准交付软件包,并且在您需要 es5 兼容应用程序之前它是可以的。在我看来,图书馆开发人员应该构建和交付 es5es6 捆绑包,否则他们的用户会很头疼(就像您使用 vega 的情况)。

为什么它只对部分而非所有设备产生影响?

老实说,我在本机移动开发方面的经验非常有限 - 我在这里只能说的是,例如移动 Chrome 和桌面 Chrome 在它们的引擎上存在一些差异。这意味着不能保证使用相同的软件会提供相同的结果。有时您可以在移动浏览器中找到错误,但无法在桌面浏览器中重现。

我认为在您的情况下,某些带有某些浏览器引擎的设备可以使用 es6 代码——而有些则不能。
同样在您的问题的第一个版本中有用户代理字符串 - 我认为高级移动开发人员可以比我说更多使用。

有没有一种方法可以在不切换到其他图形库的情况下解决这个问题?

是的。 我创建了一个 repo,其设置与您的非常相似 - 基于 angular@8 的简单 ionic@4 项目。

您的捆绑包现在是 es5es6 的混合。让我们让它完全 es5 兼容以在任何浏览器中工作(我什至在 ie11 中测试了这个项目)。
完成工作的步骤:

  1. 安装依赖项。我们将在后续步骤中需要它们。
npm i -S regenerator-runtime
npm i -D @angular-builders/custom-webpack babel-loader @babel/core @babel/preset-env
  1. target 属性 更改为 tsconfig 中的 es5"target": "es5"
  2. 我们将转译 async/await,因此我们需要将 regenerator-runtime polyfill 添加到 polyfills.ts 作为 import 'regenerator-runtime/runtime'
  3. 主要步骤。更改 angular.json 中的构建器并将路径添加到 webpack.config.js 以使用自定义 webpack 配置 buildserve:
       "build": {
          "builder": "@angular-builders/custom-webpack:browser",
          "options": {
            "customWebpackConfig": {
                 "path": "./webpack.config.js"
              },
...
        "serve": {
          "builder": "@angular-builders/custom-webpack:dev-server",
  1. 在根文件夹中创建 webpack.config.js,其中包含用于转换 vega 及其依赖项的规则。我以非常必要的方式找到了它们。
// these dependencies are es6!!!
const transpileList = ['node_modules/vega', 'node_modules/d3', 'node_modules/delaunator'];

module.exports = function(base) {
    return {
        ...base,
        module: {
            ...base.module,
            rules: [
                ...base.module.rules,
                {
                    test: function(fileName) {
                        return transpileList.some(name => fileName.includes(name)) && fileName.endsWith('.js');
                    },
                    use: {
                        loader: 'babel-loader',
                        options: {
                            presets: ['@babel/preset-env']
                        }
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }
}

完成这些步骤后,我希望您的应用程序可以在任何 es5 环境中运行。我在台式机 ie11 和平板电脑 Samsung A 中尝试使用默认的三星浏览器。