反应钩子。定期运行 useEffect

Question

我需要定期获取数据并将其更新到屏幕上。我有这个代码：

const [temperature, setTemperature] = useState();

useEffect(() => {

fetch("urlToWeatherData")
  .then(function(response) {
     if (response.status !== 200) {
      console.log(
        "Looks like there was a problem. Status Code: " + response.status
      );
      return;
    response.json().then(function(data) {
     console.log(data[0].temperature);
     setTemperature(data[0].temperature);

    });
  })
  .catch(function(err) {
    console.log("Fetch Error :-S", err);
  });
 }, []  );

那么，例如，有什么巧妙的方法可以每 15 秒运行一次吗？谢谢！

Answer 1

将其包裹在一个间隔中，并且不要忘记return一个拆卸函数以在组件卸载时取消间隔：

useEffect(() => {
  const id = setInterval(() => 
    fetch("urlToWeatherData")
      .then(function(response) {
         if (response.status !== 200) {
          console.log(
            "Looks like there was a problem. Status Code: " + response.status
          );
          return;
        response.json().then(function(data) {
         console.log(data[0].temperature);
         setTemperature(data[0].temperature);
        });
      })
      .catch(function(err) {
        console.log("Fetch Error :-S", err);
      });
  ), 15000);

  return () => clearInterval(id);  
}, []);

Answer 2

只是为了提供一种不同的方法，您可以定义一个自定义挂钩以将此功能提取到可重用函数中：

const useInterval = (callback, interval, immediate) => {
  const ref = useRef();

  // keep reference to callback without restarting the interval
  useEffect(() => {
    ref.current = callback;
  }, [callback]);

  useEffect(() => {
    // when this flag is set, closure is stale
    let cancelled = false;

    // wrap callback to pass isCancelled getter as an argument
    const fn = () => {
      ref.current(() => cancelled);
    };

    // set interval and run immediately if requested
    const id = setInterval(fn, interval);
    if (immediate) fn();

    // define cleanup logic that runs
    // when component is unmounting
    // or when or interval or immediate have changed
    return () => {
      cancelled = true;
      clearInterval(id);
    };
  }, [interval, immediate]);
};

然后你可以像这样使用钩子：

const [temperature, setTemperature] = useState();

useInterval(async (isCancelled) => {
  try {
    const response = await fetch('urlToWeatherData');
    // check for cancellation after each await
    // to prevent further action on a stale closure
    if (isCancelled()) return;

    if (response.status !== 200) {
      // throw here to handle errors in catch block
      throw new Error(response.statusText);
    }

    const [{ temperature }] = await response.json();
    if (isCancelled()) return;

    console.log(temperature);
    setTemperature(temperature);
  } catch (err) {
    console.log('Fetch Error:', err);
  }
}, 15000, true);

如果通过检查 isCancelled() 卸载组件，我们可以防止回调调用 setTemperature()。对于 useInterval() 的更一般用例，当回调依赖于有状态变量时，您应该更喜欢 useReducer() or at least use the functional update form of useState().

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