Java - try-catch 中的变量范围 - 大多数答案与官方 Java 教程之间的对比

Java - Variable scope inside a try-catch - Contrast between most answers and an official Java tutorial

我正在阅读以下内容 official guide 我发现了一个问题,将这两个代码片段一起使用会导致错误(stmt 对象没有作用域):

处理结果集对象

try {
    stmt = con.createStatement();
    ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
    while (rs.next()) {
        String coffeeName = rs.getString("COF_NAME");
        int supplierID = rs.getInt("SUP_ID");
        float price = rs.getFloat("PRICE");
        int sales = rs.getInt("SALES");
        int total = rs.getInt("TOTAL");
        System.out.println(coffeeName + "\t" + supplierID +
                           "\t" + price + "\t" + sales +
                           "\t" + total);
    }
}

正在关闭连接

} finally {
    if (stmt != null) { stmt.close(); }
}

如果我尝试在 finally 块中 stmt.close() 我会得到一个错误,因为他的范围内没有 stmt 变量,那是因为(据我所知)的实际范围stmt 对象在 try 块中。

我的问题很简单,这两段代码能协同工作吗?

我找到的答案是否定的,只有将 stmt 对象的实例化移到 try 块之外才能生成工作代码段。

有人可以给我他的想法吗?
我只是想了解该论点是否有某些方面我还不清楚。

非常感谢任何愿意帮助我的人。

据推测,您已在 try 内部而不是外部声明了 stmt 对象。代码应如下所示:

Statement stmt;
try {
    stmt = con.createStatement();
    ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
    while (rs.next()) {
        String coffeeName = rs.getString("COF_NAME");
        int supplierID = rs.getInt("SUP_ID");
        float price = rs.getFloat("PRICE");
        int sales = rs.getInt("SALES");
        int total = rs.getInt("TOTAL");
        System.out.println(coffeeName + "\t" + supplierID +
                           "\t" + price + "\t" + sales +
                           "\t" + total);
    }
} finally {
    if (stmt != null) { stmt.close(); }
}

但是,您可以使用 Statement 实现 AutoClosable 的事实,并通过使用 try with resources (Java 中添加的 Java 功能实际上省略了 finally 块=] 6 iirc).看起来像:

try (Statement stmt = con.createStatement()) {
    ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
    while (rs.next()) {
        String coffeeName = rs.getString("COF_NAME");
        int supplierID = rs.getInt("SUP_ID");
        float price = rs.getFloat("PRICE");
        int sales = rs.getInt("SALES");
        int total = rs.getInt("TOTAL");
        System.out.println(coffeeName + "\t" + supplierID +
                           "\t" + price + "\t" + sales +
                           "\t" + total);
    }
} catch (SQLException e) {
     // Log it
}

您可以在此处阅读有关 AutoClosabletry with resources 的更多信息:

https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/exceptions/tryResourceClose.html

为了明确这一点,您应该将 stmt 分配给 null,以便它存在并被初始化:

Statement stmt = null;
try {
    stmt = con.createStatement();
    ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
    while (rs.next()) {
        String coffeeName = rs.getString("COF_NAME");
        int supplierID = rs.getInt("SUP_ID");
        float price = rs.getFloat("PRICE");
        int sales = rs.getInt("SALES");
        int total = rs.getInt("TOTAL");
        System.out.println(coffeeName + "\t" + supplierID +
                           "\t" + price + "\t" + sales +
                           "\t" + total);
    }
} finally {
    if (stmt != null) { stmt.close(); }
}