InvalidArgumentException：参数无效和 InvalidSelectorException：ChromeDriver 和 Chrome 将 Selenium 与 Java 一起使用时出现无效选择器错误

Question

我以前从未遇到过这样的错误。我正在访问的网站是否拒绝使用自动化测试？

代码：

public class DirectoryAutomation {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {

        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\Users\MartinErlic\eclipse-workspace\DirectoryAutomation\libs\chromedriver.exe");
        ChromeDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("https://www.arivify.com/property/az/mesa");
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath=//div[@id='__layout']/div/div[2]/section/div/table/tbody/tr/td")).click();
    }
}

异常：

Starting ChromeDriver 78.0.3904.105 (60e2d8774a8151efa6a00b1f358371b1e0e07ee2-refs/branch-heads/3904@{#877}) on port 21763
Only local connections are allowed.
Please protect ports used by ChromeDriver and related test frameworks to prevent access by malicious code.
[1579544613.399][WARNING]: This version of ChromeDriver has not been tested with Chrome version 79.
[1579544615.411][WARNING]: Timed out connecting to Chrome, retrying...
Jan. 20, 2020 10:23:37 A.M. org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
INFO: Detected dialect: W3C
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.InvalidArgumentException: invalid argument
  (Session info: chrome=79.0.3945.130)
Build info: version: '3.141.59', revision: 'e82be7d358', time: '2018-11-14T08:17:03'
System info: host: 'DESKTOP-AS2OG7F', ip: '217.157.87.231', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '13.0.1'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, browserName: chrome, browserVersion: 79.0.3945.130, chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 78.0.3904.105 (60e2d8774a81..., userDataDir: C:\Users\MARTIN~1\AppData\L...}, goog:chromeOptions: {debuggerAddress: localhost:60322}, javascriptEnabled: true, networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platform: XP, platformName: XP, proxy: Proxy(), setWindowRect: true, strictFileInteractability: false, timeouts: {implicit: 0, pageLoad: 300000, script: 30000}, unhandledPromptBehavior: dismiss and notify}
Session ID: 613ee3b0588734b777f2ceb5d7715c9c
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:500)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:481)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.createException(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:187)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:122)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:49)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:158)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:83)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:552)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.get(RemoteWebDriver.java:277)
    at DirectoryAutomation.main(DirectoryAutomation.java:42)

更新异常：

Starting ChromeDriver 79.0.3945.36 (3582db32b33893869b8c1339e8f4d9ed1816f143-refs/branch-heads/3945@{#614}) on port 24206
Only local connections are allowed.
Please protect ports used by ChromeDriver and related test frameworks to prevent access by malicious code.
[1579548408.283][WARNING]: Timed out connecting to Chrome, retrying...
Jan. 20, 2020 11:26:50 A.M. org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession
INFO: Detected dialect: W3C
Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.InvalidSelectorException: invalid selector: Unable to locate an element with the xpath expression xpath=//a[contains(@href,'/property/search/hEC4ocSW0')] because of the following error:
TypeError: Failed to execute 'evaluate' on 'Document': The result is not a node set, and therefore cannot be converted to the desired type.
  (Session info: chrome=79.0.3945.130)
For documentation on this error, please visit: https://www.seleniumhq.org/exceptions/invalid_selector_exception.html
Build info: version: '3.141.59', revision: 'e82be7d358', time: '2018-11-14T08:17:03'
System info: host: 'DESKTOP-AS2OG7F', ip: '192.168.1.75', os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '13.0.1'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver
Capabilities {acceptInsecureCerts: false, browserName: chrome, browserVersion: 79.0.3945.130, chrome: {chromedriverVersion: 79.0.3945.36 (3582db32b3389..., userDataDir: C:\Users\MARTIN~1\AppData\L...}, goog:chromeOptions: {debuggerAddress: localhost:51045}, javascriptEnabled: true, networkConnectionEnabled: false, pageLoadStrategy: normal, platform: WINDOWS, platformName: WINDOWS, proxy: Proxy(), setWindowRect: true, strictFileInteractability: false, timeouts: {implicit: 0, pageLoad: 300000, script: 30000}, unhandledPromptBehavior: dismiss and notify}
Session ID: c52709d658575c36b6705f1db4ce20b2
*** Element info: {Using=xpath, value=xpath=//a[contains(@href,'/property/search/hEC4ocSW0')]}
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:500)
    at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:481)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.createException(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:187)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:122)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.W3CHttpResponseCodec.decode(W3CHttpResponseCodec.java:49)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.HttpCommandExecutor.execute(HttpCommandExecutor.java:158)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:83)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:552)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:323)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElementByXPath(RemoteWebDriver.java:428)
    at org.openqa.selenium.By$ByXPath.findElement(By.java:353)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.findElement(RemoteWebDriver.java:315)
    at DirectoryAutomation.main(DirectoryAutomation.java:42)

Answer 1

如果您尝试使用相同代码的其他网站（特别是使用相同的 webdriver 版本和 chrome 版本），是否会出现这种情况？

看到这个[1579544613.399][WARNING]: This version of ChromeDriver has not been tested with Chrome version 79.。告诉我您可能使用了 driver.exe 和 chrome 的不兼容版本。

看到您使用的是 chrome 版本 79，您应该获取与其 https://chromedriver.chromium.org/downloads 匹配的 chrome 驱动程序版本，即 79.0.3945.36。您目前正在使用 78.0.3904.105。

即使抛出发生在 get(url) 方法上，这可能使网站看起来是造成此错误的原因，但我相信这是巧合，并且问题将发生在第一个指令上浏览器，无论是哪种类型。

编辑。这看起来像一个新问题。确认您的 xpath 指向有效元素，并且页面正在完全加载。对于测试，我建议尝试将更简单的 xpath 定位到根元素附近页面的持久部分，以验证定位是否正常工作。尽管此异常表明您已全部设置完毕，但您需要开始调谐到该站点以获得计时和定位工作

Answer 2

第一条警告信息...

[WARNING]: This version of ChromeDriver has not been tested with Chrome version 79

...是由于二进制文件版本之间不兼容，因为您试图initiate/spawn一个新的浏览上下文 即 Chrome 浏览器 会话：

chrome=79.0.3945.130到
chrome驱动版本：78.0.3904.105

看来您已经通过将 Chrome 和 ChromeDriver 升级到相同级别解决了这个问题。

You can find a detailed discussion in

第二条错误信息...

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.InvalidSelectorException: invalid selector: Unable to locate an element with the xpath expression xpath=//a[contains(@href,'/property/search/hEC4ocSW0')] because of the following error:
TypeError: Failed to execute 'evaluate' on 'Document': The result is not a node set, and therefore cannot be converted to the desired type.

...表示您构造的不是有效的定位器。

从您的代码尝试中可以明显看出在：

driver.findElement(By.xpath("xpath=//div[@id='__layout']/div/div[2]/section/div/table/tbody/tr/td")).click();

格式错误。

解决方案

根据指南，理想的 xpath 表达式应该是：

driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='__layout']/div/div[2]/section/div/table/tbody/tr/td")).click();

You can find a detailed discussion in

InvalidArgumentException：参数无效和 InvalidSelectorException：ChromeDriver 和 Chrome 将 Selenium 与 Java 一起使用时出现无效选择器错误

InvalidArgumentException: invalid argument and InvalidSelectorException: invalid selector error with ChromeDriver and Chrome using Selenium with Java

java

xpath

google-chrome

invalidargumentexception

selenium-webdriver

解决方案