使用自定义字段中的特定条件断言预期异常

Assert expected exception with specific criteria in custom fields

我想验证预期异常是否满足特定条件。以此为出发点:

class MyException extends RuntimeException {
    int n;
    public MyException(String message, int n) {
        super(message);
        this.n = n;
    }
}

public class HowDoIDoThis {
    @Rule
    public ExpectedException thrown = ExpectedException.none();

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        thrown.expect(MyException.class);
        throw new MyException("x", 10);
    }
}

我如何断言,例如,抛出的异常有 n > 1message 只包含小写字母?我正在考虑使用 thrown.expect(Matcher) 但无法弄清楚如何让 Hamcrest 匹配器检查对象的任意字段。

您可以使用 TypeSafeMatcher,其中您可以提供 MyException class,然后 IntPredicate 根据条件检查 n 值:

public class MyExceptionMatcher extends TypeSafeMatcher<MyException> {
    private final IntPredicate predicate;

    public MyExceptionMatcher(IntPredicate predicate) {
        this.predicate = predicate;
    }

    @Override
    protected boolean matchesSafely(MyException item) {
        return predicate.test(item.n);
    }

    @Override
    public void describeTo(Description description) {
        description.appendText("my exception which matches predicate");
    }
}

那么你可以这样期待:

thrown.expect(new MyExceptionMatcher(i -> i > 1));

Hamcrest 中还有 FeatureMatcher,它非常适合为对象的嵌套“特征”创建匹配器。因此,在您的示例中,您可以按以下方式使用 FeatureMatcher 构建它(这是我在为嵌套字段创建匹配器时倾向于遵循的模式):

public final class MyExceptionMatchers {

    public static Matcher<MyException> withNthat(Matcher<Integer> nMatcher) {
        return new FeatureMatcher<MyException, Integer>(nMatcher, "n", "n") {
              @Override
              protected Integer featureValueOf(MyException actual) {
                   return actual.n;
              }
        }
    };
}

在你的测试中:

import static x.y.z.MyExceptionMatchers.withNthat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.greaterThan;

...

thrown.expect(withNThat(greaterThan(1)));

使用这种布局,可以很容易地为 MyException 添加更多匹配器,而且感觉更像一种构建可组合匹配器的“规范”方法,允许您为测试用例构建所需的精确匹配器。

一种简洁明了的替代方法是使用 AssertJ 而不是 ExpectedException 规则。

    assertThatThrownBy(() -> {
        throw new MyException("x", 10);
    })
        .matches(e -> e.getMessage().equals(e.getMessage().toLower()), "message is lowercase")
        .matches(e -> ((CustomException) e).n > 10, "n > 10");