尝试通过 ubuntu WSL 终端在 rails 上安装 ruby 时出现多个错误

Question

我目前正在通过 linux 的 windows 子系统使用全新安装的 ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS。我使用

安装了 ruby

sudo apt-get install ruby2.5-dev

我正在尝试使用

安装 rails

gem install rails -v 5.2.3

这给了我一个 Gem::FilePermissionError 错误，可以通过使用 sudo 修复，但是网上有多个来源说不要使用 sudo 安装 gem，尽管他们似乎都在使用 MacOS。

当我忽略它们并尝试使用 sudo 安装时，我得到了这个：

    Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing rails:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /var/lib/gems/2.5.0/gems/nokogiri-1.10.7/ext/nokogiri
/usr/bin/ruby2.5 -r ./siteconf20200123-2772-1f46u2w.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts ... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

Provided configuration options:
        --with-opt-dir
        --without-opt-dir
        --with-opt-include
        --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
        --with-opt-lib
        --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
        --with-make-prog
        --without-make-prog
        --srcdir=.
        --curdir
        --ruby=/usr/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)2.5
        --help
        --clean
/usr/lib/ruby/2.5.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
        from /usr/lib/ruby/2.5.0/mkmf.rb:574:in `block in try_compile'
        from /usr/lib/ruby/2.5.0/mkmf.rb:521:in `with_werror'
        from /usr/lib/ruby/2.5.0/mkmf.rb:574:in `try_compile'
        from extconf.rb:138:in `nokogiri_try_compile'
        from extconf.rb:162:in `block in add_cflags'
        from /usr/lib/ruby/2.5.0/mkmf.rb:632:in `with_cflags'
        from extconf.rb:161:in `add_cflags'
        from extconf.rb:416:in `<main>'

To see why this extension failed to compile, please check the mkmf.log which can be found here:

  /var/lib/gems/2.5.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.5.0/nokogiri-1.10.7/mkmf.log

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /var/lib/gems/2.5.0/gems/nokogiri-1.10.7 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/lib/gems/2.5.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.5.0/nokogiri-1.10.7/gem_make.out

我似乎找不到安装 'development tools' 的方法，除非它是 windows 中使用的 exe 文件，我也不太确定 'development tools' 我真正需要什么.

mkmf.log 是这样说的：

    "gcc -o conftest -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/ruby-2.5.0 -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0/ruby/backward -I/usr/include/ruby-2.5.0 -I. -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2   -g -O2 -fdebug-prefix-map=/build/ruby2.5-B0MvC_/ruby2.5-2.5.1=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC  conftest.c  -L. -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L. -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -fstack-protector -rdynamic -Wl,-export-dynamic     -lruby-2.5  -lpthread -lgmp -ldl -lcrypt -lm   -lc "
checked program was:
/* begin */
1: #include "ruby.h"
2:
3: int main(int argc, char **argv)
4: {
5:   return 0;
6: }
/* end */

我不知道那是什么意思。任何帮助将不胜感激。

Answer 1

您缺少编译器，可能还缺少 WSL 设置中的许多其他基本库和工具。希望这将涵盖您需要的大部分内容：

sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev libsqlite3-dev zlib1g-dev liblzma-dev

尝试通过 ubuntu WSL 终端在 rails 上安装 ruby 时出现多个错误

Multiple errors while trying install ruby on rails through an ubuntu WSL terminal

ruby

rubygems

ruby-on-rails

mkmf

windows-subsystem-for-linux