Swift 以编程方式添加约束不起作用

Swift programmatically-added constraints dont work

我在滚动视图中有一个视图:

现在我想以编程方式将子视图添加到该视图。这就是我的代码:

  1. 儿童视角(有效)

    //Adds header to the view again because it was removed in the clear() method
    //Header is just a label
    lv.addSubview(header)
    header.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: header.superview!.leadingAnchor).isActive = true
    header.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: header.superview!.topAnchor, constant: 2).isActive = true
    header.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: header.superview!.widthAnchor).isActive = true
    header.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: MainTabViewController.fontSize*3).isActive = true //Just a constant
    

现在我重复执行这段代码:

private func makeTextLabel(text: NSAttributedString, bgColor: UIColor?, maxWidth: CGFloat?) -> UILabel {
    //Creates label
    let label = UILabel()
    label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
    lv.addSubview(label)
    //Adjustments
    if(bgColor != nil) {
        label.backgroundColor = bgColor
    }
    label.textColor = UIColor.black
    label.attributedText = text
    label.numberOfLines = 0
    label.lineBreakMode = NSLineBreakMode.byWordWrapping
    let width = maxWidth ?? lv.frame.size.width-8
    label.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: width).isActive = true
    label.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: heightForLabel(attributedText: label.attributedText, width: width)).isActive = true
    label.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: lv.leadingAnchor, constant: 4).isActive = true
    let previousView = lv.subviews[lv.subviews.count-1]
    label.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: previousView.bottomAnchor, constant:  10).isActive = true
    return label
}

添加了所有标签,但约束根本不起作用。这是它的样子(当我执行上面的方法 2 次时):

编辑:主要问题已解决。我现在正在使用 StackView。()

我现在想让我的标签有一个边缘偏移,所以我使用这些线:

    label.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: lessonStackView.leadingAnchor, constant: offset).isActive = true
    label.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: lessonStackView.trailingAnchor, constant: -offset).isActive = true

但是由于 StackView 似乎自己设置了 x 约束,我收到了这个警告:

无法同时满足约束条件。 可能至少以下列表中的约束之一是您不想要的。 试试这个: (1)查看每个约束并尝试找出您不期望的; (2) 找到添加了不需要的约束或约束的代码并修复它。 ( "UILabel:0x7f9c16c22c30'Falls dir die App gef\U00e4llt...' (active, names: '|':JavaProf.MultipleContentsView:0x7f9c19024a60 )>", "", “” )

将尝试通过打破约束来恢复

我该如何解决?

删除 width 锚点。你不应该关心宽度(你真的不知道),使用 trailingAnchor 代替:

label.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: lv.trailingAnchor, constant: -4).isActive = true

删除heightAnchor,让系统为您计算身高:

label.setContentHuggingPriority(.required, for: .vertical)
label.setContentCompressionResistancePriority(.required, for: .vertical)

这应该是所有需要的。

但是,作为旁注,您可以只使用 UIStackView.

而不是对先前的标签创建约束

如果你想对一堆标签(或其他视图)使用 UIStackView 并且你希望它们有不同的前导间距,你有几个选择:

1) 将标签嵌入UIView。让UIView填满stack view的宽度,并将包含的标签约束给view。

2) 将堆栈视图 Aligment 设置为 Trailing。然后为每个标签添加一个宽度约束,等于堆栈视图的宽度。对于您想要的标签,比如说,一个 32 点的 "left margin," 将该标签上的常量设置为 -32.

这是一个简单的例子:

class LeftMarginViewController: UIViewController {
    let stackView: UIStackView = {
        let v = UIStackView()
        v.axis = .vertical
        v.alignment = .trailing
        v.distribution = .fill
        v.spacing = 8
        return v
    }()

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        for i in 1...7 {
            let v = UILabel()
            v.backgroundColor = .yellow
            v.numberOfLines = 0
            if i == 5 {
                v.text = "Label 5 has a lot of text to demonstrate what happens when it needs to wrap onto multiple lines."
            } else {
                v.text = "Label \(i)"
            }
            stackView.addArrangedSubview(v)
            switch i {
            case 6:
                v.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: stackView.widthAnchor, multiplier: 1.0, constant: -32.0).isActive = true
            case 2, 4, 5:
                v.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: stackView.widthAnchor, multiplier: 1.0, constant: -16.0).isActive = true
            default:
                v.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: stackView.widthAnchor, multiplier: 1.0, constant: 0.0).isActive = true
            }
        }

        stackView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        view.addSubview(stackView)

        let g = view.safeAreaLayoutGuide

        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            stackView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.topAnchor, constant: 40.0),
            stackView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.leadingAnchor, constant: 40.0),
            stackView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.trailingAnchor, constant: -40.0),
        ])

    }
}

堆栈视图有 Alignment: Trailing,每个标签的宽度等于堆栈视图宽度,标签 2、4 和 5 有 constant = -16,标签 6 有 constant = -32.

结果: