x86_64 平台上的 Diolan DLN-2 SPI 控制器
Diolan DLN-2 SPI controller on x86_64 platform
我正在尝试在 x86_64 Linux 环境（内核版本 4.18）中使用 DLN-2 以类似的方式向用户空间提供 SPI 和 I2C 总线控制器具有 DTS/DTB 文件修改的 ARM 平台。我无法确定连接 SPI 从属设备或使用 spidev 驱动程序将设备安装到用户空间的正确方法。
内核模块加载成功，SPI 总线挂载为 spi_master。我确信芯片本身可以正常工作，因为可以成功操作 I2C (/dev/i2c-#) 和 GPIO (/dev/gpiochip#) 接口。作为参考，以下是 Linux 系统树中“dln”的所有参考列表：
# find /sys -name *dln*
/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/dln2-i2c.1.auto
/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/dln2-spi.2.auto
/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/dln2-gpio.0.auto
/sys/fs/selinux/booleans/minidlna_read_generic_user_content
/sys/bus/platform/devices/dln2-i2c.1.auto
/sys/bus/platform/devices/dln2-spi.2.auto
/sys/bus/platform/devices/dln2-gpio.0.auto
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/dln2-gpio
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/dln2-gpio/dln2-gpio.0.auto
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/dln2-adc
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/dln2-spi
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/dln2-spi/dln2-spi.2.auto
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/dln2-i2c
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/dln2-i2c/dln2-i2c.1.auto
/sys/bus/usb/drivers/dln2
/sys/module/i2c_dln2
/sys/module/i2c_dln2/drivers/platform:dln2-i2c
/sys/module/industrialio_triggered_buffer/holders/dln2_adc
/sys/module/spi_dln2
/sys/module/spi_dln2/drivers/platform:dln2-spi
/sys/module/industrialio/holders/dln2_adc
/sys/module/dln2_adc
/sys/module/dln2_adc/drivers/platform:dln2-adc
/sys/module/gpio_dln2
/sys/module/gpio_dln2/drivers/platform:dln2-gpio
/sys/module/dln2
/sys/module/dln2/holders/i2c_dln2
/sys/module/dln2/holders/spi_dln2
/sys/module/dln2/holders/dln2_adc
/sys/module/dln2/holders/gpio_dln2
/sys/module/dln2/drivers/usb:dln2
这是启动日志的匹配部分：
[ 1.578110] usb 1-2: new full-speed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd
[ 1.705306] usb 1-2: New USB device found, idVendor=a257, idProduct=2013, bcdDevice= 1.00
[ 1.705310] usb 1-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
[ 1.705312] usb 1-2: Product: Diolan DLN2
[ 1.705314] usb 1-2: Manufacturer: Diolan
[ 10.485997] dln2 1-2:1.0: Diolan DLN2 serial 33632920
[ 10.486182] usbcore: registered new interface driver dln2
USB 设备树的相关部分：
Bus 001 Device 002: ID a257:2013
Device Descriptor:
bLength 18
bDescriptorType 1
bcdUSB 2.00
bDeviceClass 255 Vendor Specific Class
bDeviceSubClass 255 Vendor Specific Subclass
bDeviceProtocol 255 Vendor Specific Protocol
bMaxPacketSize0 64
idVendor 0xa257
idProduct 0x2013
bcdDevice 1.00
iManufacturer 1 Diolan
iProduct 2 Diolan DLN2
iSerial 0
bNumConfigurations 1
Configuration Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 2
wTotalLength 0x0020
bNumInterfaces 1
bConfigurationValue 1
iConfiguration 0
bmAttributes 0x80
(Bus Powered)
MaxPower 100mA
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 0
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 2
bInterfaceClass 255 Vendor Specific Class
bInterfaceSubClass 255 Vendor Specific Subclass
bInterfaceProtocol 255 Vendor Specific Protocol
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x03 EP 3 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0040 1x 64 bytes
bInterval 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0040 1x 64 bytes
bInterval 0
can't get device qualifier: Resource temporarily unavailable
can't get debug descriptor: Resource temporarily unavailable
Device Status: 0x0000
(Bus Powered)
此时，我假设 ACPI 补丁是正确的方法。但是，该设备没有出现在 ACPI 设备树中，或者我没有使用正确的字符串进行搜索。我假设它类似于以下内容，我从内核补丁 (https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/patch/527210/) 中提取，该补丁似乎已从当前内核中删除。
DefinitionBlock ("dln2.aml", "SSDT", 1, "INTEL", "CpuDptf", 3)
{
Device (DLN0)
{
Name (_ADR, Zero)
Name (_HID, "DLN2000")
Device (TP40) {
Name (_HID, "SPT0001")
Name (_DDN, "SPI4-CS0")
Name (_CRS, ResourceTemplate () {
SpiSerialBus (
1, // Chip select
PolarityLow, // Chip select is active low
FourWireMode, // Full duplex
8, // Bits per word is 8 (byte)
ControllerInitiated, // Don't care
1000000, // 1 MHz
ClockPolarityLow, // SPI mode 0
ClockPhaseFirst, // SPI mode 0
"\DLN0.SPI0", // SPI host controller
0 // Must be 0
)
})
}
}
}
我也尝试过 udev 规则，但我对 udev 的了解很少，所以它们可能不正确。 None 似乎成功了：
DEVPATH=="/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/dln2-spi.2.auto/spi_master/spi0", DRIVER="spidev"
DEVPATH=="/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/dln2-spi.2.auto/spi_master/spi0", KERNEL="spi-SPT0001:02", SUBSYSTEM="spi", DRIVER="spidev", ATTRS{driver_override}==""
DEVPATH=="/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/dln2-spi.2.auto/spi_master/spi0/spi-SPT0001:02", KERNEL="spidev2.0", SUBSYSTEM="spidev", DRIVER=""
好的，现在我可以回答这个问题了。
首先，假设主机上的DSDT，即USB主机控制器摘录，看起来像这样（有些名称可能不同，有些方法可能提供也可能不提供，只是我们感兴趣的部分）：
Device (XHC)
{
Name (_ADR, 0x00110000)
...
Device (RHUB)
{
Name (_ADR, Zero)
// GPLD: Generate Port Location Data (PLD)
Method (GPLD, 1, Serialized) {
Name (PCKG, Package () {
Buffer (0x10) {}
})
// REV: Revision 0x02 for ACPI 5.0
CreateField (DerefOf (Index (PCKG, Zero)), Zero, 0x07, REV)
Store (0x02, REV)
// VISI: Port visibility to user per port
CreateField (DerefOf (Index (PCKG, Zero)), 0x40, One, VISI)
Store (Arg0, VISI)
Return (PCKG)
}
Device (HS01) { Name (_ADR, 1) }
Device (HS02) { Name (_ADR, 2) }
Device (SS01) { Name (_ADR, 3) }
Device (SS02) { Name (_ADR, 4) }
...
}
}
上面重要的是端口设备（HS01、SS01 等）没有 _UPC() 或 _PLD() 方法。如果是，您将需要 override complete DSDT or upgrade it and ACPI SSDT overlays 不起作用。
假设 Diolan 设备连接到 HS02 USB 端口。在这种情况下，我们必须提供以下 ACPI 摘录，无论是在 DSDT 中还是作为 SSDT 覆盖（注意，方法 GPLD()，如果不存在，应从上面的摘录中复制）：
External (\_SB.PCI0.XHC.RHUB.HS02, DeviceObj)
External (\_SB.PCI0.XHC.RHUB.GPLD, MethodObj)
/*
* We set the port to hard wired state to get the connected device
* enumerated properly. See more details here:
* https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/bringup/other-acpi-namespace-objects#acpi-namespace-hierarchy-and-_adr-for-embedded-usb-devices
*/
Scope (\_SB.PCI0.XHC.RHUB.HS02)
{
Name (_UPC, Package ()
{
0xFF,
0xFF,
Zero,
Zero,
})
Method (_PLD, 0, NotSerialized)
{
Return (GPLD (Zero))
}
Device (GPIO)
{
Name (_ADR, Zero)
Name (_STA, 0x0F)
}
Device (I2C)
{
Name (_ADR, One)
Name (_STA, 0x0F)
}
Device (SPI)
{
Name (_ADR, 0x02)
Name (_STA, 0x0F)
}
}
请注意，此示例现在是 meta-acpi 项目的一部分。
加载这些表后，我们将得到枚举的所有内容，如：
$ grep -H HS02 /sys/bus/acpi/devices/device\:*/path
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:09/path:\_SB_.PCI0.XHC.RHUB.HS02
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:0e/path:\_SB_.PCI0.XHC.RHUB.HS02.GPIO
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:0f/path:\_SB_.PCI0.XHC.RHUB.HS02.I2C_
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:10/path:\_SB_.PCI0.XHC.RHUB.HS02.SPI_
$ ls -l /sys/bus/platform/devices/dln2-*/firmware_node
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 1 00:04 /sys/bus/platform/devices/dln2-gpio.2.auto/firmware_node -> ../../../../../../../../LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/device:07/device:08/device:09/device:0e
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 1 00:04 /sys/bus/platform/devices/dln2-i2c.3.auto/firmware_node -> ../../../../../../../../LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/device:07/device:08/device:09/device:0f
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 1 00:04 /sys/bus/platform/devices/dln2-spi.4.auto/firmware_node -> ../../../../../../../../LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/device:07/device:08/device:09/device:10
这为我们提供了可以将我们的从属设备附加到的设备对象。因此，更详细的这部分已在以下 SO 帖子中得到解答：
- Building a i2c device controller
请注意，有两个补丁可以在 Linux 中实现。
一种是 a599a0fb629a ("Add ACPI support for USB interface devices") and one is pending e3fadb35bc1b ("Allow to be enumerated via ACPI")。两者都将在 v5.7-rc1 中。
我正在尝试在 x86_64 Linux 环境（内核版本 4.18）中使用 DLN-2 以类似的方式向用户空间提供 SPI 和 I2C 总线控制器具有 DTS/DTB 文件修改的 ARM 平台。我无法确定连接 SPI 从属设备或使用 spidev 驱动程序将设备安装到用户空间的正确方法。
内核模块加载成功，SPI 总线挂载为 spi_master。我确信芯片本身可以正常工作，因为可以成功操作 I2C (/dev/i2c-#) 和 GPIO (/dev/gpiochip#) 接口。作为参考，以下是 Linux 系统树中“dln”的所有参考列表：
# find /sys -name *dln*
/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/dln2-i2c.1.auto
/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/dln2-spi.2.auto
/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/dln2-gpio.0.auto
/sys/fs/selinux/booleans/minidlna_read_generic_user_content
/sys/bus/platform/devices/dln2-i2c.1.auto
/sys/bus/platform/devices/dln2-spi.2.auto
/sys/bus/platform/devices/dln2-gpio.0.auto
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/dln2-gpio
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/dln2-gpio/dln2-gpio.0.auto
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/dln2-adc
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/dln2-spi
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/dln2-spi/dln2-spi.2.auto
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/dln2-i2c
/sys/bus/platform/drivers/dln2-i2c/dln2-i2c.1.auto
/sys/bus/usb/drivers/dln2
/sys/module/i2c_dln2
/sys/module/i2c_dln2/drivers/platform:dln2-i2c
/sys/module/industrialio_triggered_buffer/holders/dln2_adc
/sys/module/spi_dln2
/sys/module/spi_dln2/drivers/platform:dln2-spi
/sys/module/industrialio/holders/dln2_adc
/sys/module/dln2_adc
/sys/module/dln2_adc/drivers/platform:dln2-adc
/sys/module/gpio_dln2
/sys/module/gpio_dln2/drivers/platform:dln2-gpio
/sys/module/dln2
/sys/module/dln2/holders/i2c_dln2
/sys/module/dln2/holders/spi_dln2
/sys/module/dln2/holders/dln2_adc
/sys/module/dln2/holders/gpio_dln2
/sys/module/dln2/drivers/usb:dln2
这是启动日志的匹配部分：
[ 1.578110] usb 1-2: new full-speed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd
[ 1.705306] usb 1-2: New USB device found, idVendor=a257, idProduct=2013, bcdDevice= 1.00
[ 1.705310] usb 1-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
[ 1.705312] usb 1-2: Product: Diolan DLN2
[ 1.705314] usb 1-2: Manufacturer: Diolan
[ 10.485997] dln2 1-2:1.0: Diolan DLN2 serial 33632920
[ 10.486182] usbcore: registered new interface driver dln2
USB 设备树的相关部分：
Bus 001 Device 002: ID a257:2013
Device Descriptor:
bLength 18
bDescriptorType 1
bcdUSB 2.00
bDeviceClass 255 Vendor Specific Class
bDeviceSubClass 255 Vendor Specific Subclass
bDeviceProtocol 255 Vendor Specific Protocol
bMaxPacketSize0 64
idVendor 0xa257
idProduct 0x2013
bcdDevice 1.00
iManufacturer 1 Diolan
iProduct 2 Diolan DLN2
iSerial 0
bNumConfigurations 1
Configuration Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 2
wTotalLength 0x0020
bNumInterfaces 1
bConfigurationValue 1
iConfiguration 0
bmAttributes 0x80
(Bus Powered)
MaxPower 100mA
Interface Descriptor:
bLength 9
bDescriptorType 4
bInterfaceNumber 0
bAlternateSetting 0
bNumEndpoints 2
bInterfaceClass 255 Vendor Specific Class
bInterfaceSubClass 255 Vendor Specific Subclass
bInterfaceProtocol 255 Vendor Specific Protocol
iInterface 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x03 EP 3 OUT
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0040 1x 64 bytes
bInterval 0
Endpoint Descriptor:
bLength 7
bDescriptorType 5
bEndpointAddress 0x83 EP 3 IN
bmAttributes 2
Transfer Type Bulk
Synch Type None
Usage Type Data
wMaxPacketSize 0x0040 1x 64 bytes
bInterval 0
can't get device qualifier: Resource temporarily unavailable
can't get debug descriptor: Resource temporarily unavailable
Device Status: 0x0000
(Bus Powered)
此时，我假设 ACPI 补丁是正确的方法。但是，该设备没有出现在 ACPI 设备树中，或者我没有使用正确的字符串进行搜索。我假设它类似于以下内容，我从内核补丁 (https://lore.kernel.org/patchwork/patch/527210/) 中提取，该补丁似乎已从当前内核中删除。
DefinitionBlock ("dln2.aml", "SSDT", 1, "INTEL", "CpuDptf", 3)
{
Device (DLN0)
{
Name (_ADR, Zero)
Name (_HID, "DLN2000")
Device (TP40) {
Name (_HID, "SPT0001")
Name (_DDN, "SPI4-CS0")
Name (_CRS, ResourceTemplate () {
SpiSerialBus (
1, // Chip select
PolarityLow, // Chip select is active low
FourWireMode, // Full duplex
8, // Bits per word is 8 (byte)
ControllerInitiated, // Don't care
1000000, // 1 MHz
ClockPolarityLow, // SPI mode 0
ClockPhaseFirst, // SPI mode 0
"\DLN0.SPI0", // SPI host controller
0 // Must be 0
)
})
}
}
}
我也尝试过 udev 规则，但我对 udev 的了解很少，所以它们可能不正确。 None 似乎成功了：
DEVPATH=="/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/dln2-spi.2.auto/spi_master/spi0", DRIVER="spidev"
DEVPATH=="/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/dln2-spi.2.auto/spi_master/spi0", KERNEL="spi-SPT0001:02", SUBSYSTEM="spi", DRIVER="spidev", ATTRS{driver_override}==""
DEVPATH=="/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:15.0/usb1/1-2/1-2:1.0/dln2-spi.2.auto/spi_master/spi0/spi-SPT0001:02", KERNEL="spidev2.0", SUBSYSTEM="spidev", DRIVER=""
好的，现在我可以回答这个问题了。
首先，假设主机上的DSDT，即USB主机控制器摘录，看起来像这样（有些名称可能不同，有些方法可能提供也可能不提供，只是我们感兴趣的部分）：
Device (XHC)
{
Name (_ADR, 0x00110000)
...
Device (RHUB)
{
Name (_ADR, Zero)
// GPLD: Generate Port Location Data (PLD)
Method (GPLD, 1, Serialized) {
Name (PCKG, Package () {
Buffer (0x10) {}
})
// REV: Revision 0x02 for ACPI 5.0
CreateField (DerefOf (Index (PCKG, Zero)), Zero, 0x07, REV)
Store (0x02, REV)
// VISI: Port visibility to user per port
CreateField (DerefOf (Index (PCKG, Zero)), 0x40, One, VISI)
Store (Arg0, VISI)
Return (PCKG)
}
Device (HS01) { Name (_ADR, 1) }
Device (HS02) { Name (_ADR, 2) }
Device (SS01) { Name (_ADR, 3) }
Device (SS02) { Name (_ADR, 4) }
...
}
}
上面重要的是端口设备（HS01、SS01 等）没有 _UPC() 或 _PLD() 方法。如果是，您将需要 override complete DSDT or upgrade it and ACPI SSDT overlays 不起作用。
假设 Diolan 设备连接到 HS02 USB 端口。在这种情况下，我们必须提供以下 ACPI 摘录，无论是在 DSDT 中还是作为 SSDT 覆盖（注意，方法 GPLD()，如果不存在，应从上面的摘录中复制）：
External (\_SB.PCI0.XHC.RHUB.HS02, DeviceObj)
External (\_SB.PCI0.XHC.RHUB.GPLD, MethodObj)
/*
* We set the port to hard wired state to get the connected device
* enumerated properly. See more details here:
* https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/bringup/other-acpi-namespace-objects#acpi-namespace-hierarchy-and-_adr-for-embedded-usb-devices
*/
Scope (\_SB.PCI0.XHC.RHUB.HS02)
{
Name (_UPC, Package ()
{
0xFF,
0xFF,
Zero,
Zero,
})
Method (_PLD, 0, NotSerialized)
{
Return (GPLD (Zero))
}
Device (GPIO)
{
Name (_ADR, Zero)
Name (_STA, 0x0F)
}
Device (I2C)
{
Name (_ADR, One)
Name (_STA, 0x0F)
}
Device (SPI)
{
Name (_ADR, 0x02)
Name (_STA, 0x0F)
}
}
请注意，此示例现在是 meta-acpi 项目的一部分。
加载这些表后，我们将得到枚举的所有内容，如：
$ grep -H HS02 /sys/bus/acpi/devices/device\:*/path
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:09/path:\_SB_.PCI0.XHC.RHUB.HS02
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:0e/path:\_SB_.PCI0.XHC.RHUB.HS02.GPIO
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:0f/path:\_SB_.PCI0.XHC.RHUB.HS02.I2C_
/sys/bus/acpi/devices/device:10/path:\_SB_.PCI0.XHC.RHUB.HS02.SPI_
$ ls -l /sys/bus/platform/devices/dln2-*/firmware_node
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 1 00:04 /sys/bus/platform/devices/dln2-gpio.2.auto/firmware_node -> ../../../../../../../../LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/device:07/device:08/device:09/device:0e
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 1 00:04 /sys/bus/platform/devices/dln2-i2c.3.auto/firmware_node -> ../../../../../../../../LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/device:07/device:08/device:09/device:0f
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Jan 1 00:04 /sys/bus/platform/devices/dln2-spi.4.auto/firmware_node -> ../../../../../../../../LNXSYSTM:00/LNXSYBUS:00/PNP0A08:00/device:07/device:08/device:09/device:10
这为我们提供了可以将我们的从属设备附加到的设备对象。因此，更详细的这部分已在以下 SO 帖子中得到解答：
- Building a i2c device controller
请注意，有两个补丁可以在 Linux 中实现。 一种是 a599a0fb629a ("Add ACPI support for USB interface devices") and one is pending e3fadb35bc1b ("Allow to be enumerated via ACPI")。两者都将在 v5.7-rc1 中。