有没有办法一次声明多个相同类型的对象,并通过一个表达式立即用相同的右值初始化它们?

Is there a way to declare multiple objects of the same type at once and initialize them immediately with the same rvalue by just one expression?

我想声明多个相同类型的对象,并通过一个表达式用相同的右值初始化它们;无需通过单独的语句声明和初始化它们。

我想要的是这样的:

int a = b = 10;  // dummy-statement. This does not work.

int a = int b = 10; // dummy-statement. This does not work either.

而不是

int b = 10;
int a = b;

有办法吗?

从技术上讲,是的:int a = value, b = a;,或者您可以考虑 int a, b = a = value;。没有重复标识符,不,至少在 C 中没有;语法根本不提供它。语法中的每个“declarator=initializer”只能声明一个对象,根据 C 2018 6.7.6 1 中的语法生成和6.7.6 2 中的显式声明:“每个声明符声明一个标识符……”

如评论中所述,这是一种在 C++ 中执行此操作的糟糕方法。对于 C++ 关于单个声明中的初始化顺序的规则、关于线程的问题等,我没有做出任何陈述。这仅作为教育练习呈现。永远不要在生产代码中使用它。

template<class T> class Sticky
{
private:
    static T LastInitializer;   //  To remember last explicit initializer.
    T Value;                    //  Actual value of this object.

public:
    //  Construct from explicit initializer.
    Sticky<T>(T InitialValue) : Value(InitialValue)
        { LastInitializer = InitialValue; }

    //  Construct without initializer.
    Sticky<T>() : Value(LastInitializer) {}

    //  Act as a T by returning const and non-const references to the value.
    operator const T &() const { return this->Value; }
    operator T &() { return this->Value; }
};

template<class T> T Sticky<T>::LastInitializer;

#include <iostream>

int main(void)
{
    Sticky<int> a = 3, b, c = 15, d;

    std::cout << "a = " << a << ".\n";
    std::cout << "b = " << b << ".\n";
    std::cout << "c = " << c << ".\n";
    std::cout << "d = " << d << ".\n";
    b = 4;
    std::cout << "b = " << b << ".\n";
    std::cout << "a = " << a << ".\n";
}

输出:

a = 3.
b = 3.
c = 15.
d = 15.
b = 4.
a = 3.

无法进行初始化。
可以做作业。

int a, b;
a = b = 10;

我想你想要这个:

int b=10, a=b;

从技术上讲,您可以使用 C++17 中可用的结构化绑定来初始化多个变量,但这显然是一种变态: online compiler

#include <cstddef>
#include <type_traits>
#include <tuple>
#include <utility>

// tuple-like type
template
<
    ::std::size_t x_count
,   typename x_Value
> class
t_Pack
{
    private: x_Value && m_value;

    public: constexpr t_Pack(x_Value && value): m_value{::std::move(value)}
    {}

    public: template
    <
        ::std::size_t x_index
    > constexpr auto
    get(void) noexcept -> x_Value &&
    {
        return ::std::move(m_value);
    }
};

// specializations to make structured bindings work
namespace std
{
    template
    <
        ::std::size_t x_count
    ,   typename x_Value
    > struct
    tuple_size<::t_Pack<x_count, x_Value>>
    :   public ::std::integral_constant<::std::size_t, x_count> 
    {};


    template
    <
        ::std::size_t x_index
    ,   ::std::size_t x_count
    ,   typename x_Value
    > struct
    tuple_element<x_index, ::t_Pack<x_count, x_Value>>
    {
        public: using type = x_Value;
    };
}

// helper
template
<
    ::std::size_t x_count
,   typename x_Value
> constexpr auto
pack(x_Value && value)
{
    return t_Pack<x_count, x_Value>{::std::move(value)};
}
auto [a, b, c, d, e] = pack<5>(10);