什么时候应该使用 element.all(locator).then(thenFunction) 或 element.all(locator)？
When should element.all(locator).then(thenFunction) or element.all(locator) be used?
在量角器中，(source):
有什么区别
示例 1
const allOptions = element.all(by.options('fruit for fruit in fruits'));
expect(await allOptions.count()).toEqual(4);
和（source）：
示例 2
const arr = await element.all(by.model('color'));
expect(arr.length).toEqual(3);
为什么如果我这样做...
示例 3
let allOptions = await element.all(by.css('.mat-option-text > span'));
let firstOption = allOptions.first();
...我收到这个静态打字稿错误？
Property 'first' does not exist on type 'any[] | ElementFinder[]'. Property 'first' does not exist on type 'any[]'.ts(2339)
element.all(locator).then(thenFunction) and element.all(locator) 的正确用法是什么？
本质上，element.all return 是一个 ElementArrayFinder object but await element.all will return an array of ElementFinder 对象。
等待的 ElementArrayFinder 是一个简单的 ElementFinder 对象数组，因此可以调用所有现有的 array methods（例如长度）。 unawaited ElementArrayFinder 是一个用量角器定义的特殊对象，并具有可用的特殊方法（例如 count()、get() 和 first()）。
量角器中列出了 ElementArrayFinder 可用的方法 api。
例子
对于此示例，请转到页面 https://angular.io/。 $([class="button hero-cta"]) 在此页面上仅找到一个元素
console.log(element.all('[class="button hero-cta"]')) 将 return以下 ElementArrayFinder 对象
ElementArrayFinder {
browser_: ProtractorBrowser {
controlFlow: [Function],
schedule: [Function],
setFileDetector: [Function],
getExecutor: [Function],
getSession: [Function],
getCapabilities: [Function],
quit: [Function],
actions: [Function],
touchActions: [Function],
executeScript: [Function],
executeAsyncScript: [Function],
call: [Function],
wait: [Function],
sleep: [Function],
getWindowHandle: [Function],
getAllWindowHandles: [Function],
getPageSource: [Function],
close: [Function],
getCurrentUrl: [Function],
getTitle: [Function],
findElementInternal_: [Function],
findElementsInternal_: [Function],
takeScreenshot: [Function],
manage: [Function],
switchTo: [Function],
driver: thenableWebDriverProxy {
flow_: [ControlFlow],
session_: [ManagedPromise],
executor_: [Executor],
fileDetector_: null,
onQuit_: undefined,
cancel: [Function],
then: [Function: bound then],
catch: [Function: bound then],
getNetworkConnection: [Function],
setNetworkConnection: [Function],
toggleAirplaneMode: [Function],
toggleWiFi: [Function],
toggleData: [Function],
toggleLocationServices: [Function],
getGeolocation: [Function],
setGeolocation: [Function],
getCurrentDeviceActivity: [Function],
startDeviceActivity: [Function],
getAppiumSettings: [Function],
setAppiumSettings: [Function],
getCurrentContext: [Function],
selectContext: [Function],
getScreenOrientation: [Function],
setScreenOrientation: [Function],
isDeviceLocked: [Function],
lockDevice: [Function],
unlockDevice: [Function],
installApp: [Function],
isAppInstalled: [Function],
removeApp: [Function],
pullFileFromDevice: [Function],
pullFolderFromDevice: [Function],
pushFileToDevice: [Function],
listContexts: [Function],
uploadFile: [Function],
switchToParentFrame: [Function],
fullscreen: [Function],
sendAppToBackground: [Function],
closeApp: [Function],
getAppStrings: [Function],
launchSession: [Function],
resetApp: [Function],
hideSoftKeyboard: [Function],
getDeviceTime: [Function],
openDeviceNotifications: [Function],
rotationGesture: [Function],
shakeDevice: [Function],
sendChromiumCommand: [Function],
sendChromiumCommandAndGetResult: [Function]
},
element: [Function: element] { all: [Function] },
'$': [Function],
'$$': [Function],
baseUrl: '',
getPageTimeout: 10000,
params: {},
resetUrl: 'data:text/html,<html></html>',
debugHelper: DebugHelper { browserUnderDebug_: [Circular] },
ready: ManagedPromise {
flow_: [ControlFlow],
stack_: null,
parent_: null,
callbacks_: null,
state_: 'fulfilled',
handled_: true,
value_: [Circular],
queue_: null
},
trackOutstandingTimeouts_: true,
mockModules_: [ [Object] ],
ExpectedConditions: ProtractorExpectedConditions { browser: [Circular] },
plugins_: Plugins {
setup: [Function],
onPrepare: [Function],
teardown: [Function],
postResults: [Function],
postTest: [Function],
onPageLoad: [Function],
onPageStable: [Function],
waitForPromise: [Function],
waitForCondition: [Function],
pluginObjs: [],
assertions: {},
resultsReported: false
},
allScriptsTimeout: 11000,
getProcessedConfig: [Function],
forkNewDriverInstance: [Function],
restart: [Function],
restartSync: [Function],
internalRootEl: '',
internalIgnoreSynchronization: true
},
getWebElements: [Function: getWebElements],
locator_: name(name) {
return By.css('*[name="' + escapeCss(name) + '"]');
} {
using: 'css selector',
value: '[class="button hero-cta"]'
},
actionResults_: null,
click: [Function],
sendKeys: [Function],
getTagName: [Function],
getCssValue: [Function],
getAttribute: [Function],
getText: [Function],
getSize: [Function],
getLocation: [Function],
isEnabled: [Function],
isSelected: [Function],
submit: [Function],
clear: [Function],
isDisplayed: [Function],
getId: [Function],
takeScreenshot: [Function]
}
console.log(等待element.all('[class="button hero-cta"]'))将return ElementFinder 对象数组
[
ElementFinder {
browser_: ProtractorBrowser {
controlFlow: [Function],
schedule: [Function],
setFileDetector: [Function],
getExecutor: [Function],
getSession: [Function],
getCapabilities: [Function],
quit: [Function],
actions: [Function],
touchActions: [Function],
executeScript: [Function],
executeAsyncScript: [Function],
call: [Function],
wait: [Function],
sleep: [Function],
getWindowHandle: [Function],
getAllWindowHandles: [Function],
getPageSource: [Function],
close: [Function],
getCurrentUrl: [Function],
getTitle: [Function],
findElementInternal_: [Function],
findElementsInternal_: [Function],
takeScreenshot: [Function],
manage: [Function],
switchTo: [Function],
driver: [thenableWebDriverProxy],
element: [Function],
'$': [Function],
'$$': [Function],
baseUrl: '',
getPageTimeout: 10000,
params: {},
resetUrl: 'data:text/html,<html></html>',
debugHelper: [DebugHelper],
ready: [ManagedPromise],
trackOutstandingTimeouts_: true,
mockModules_: [Array],
ExpectedConditions: [ProtractorExpectedConditions],
plugins_: [Plugins],
allScriptsTimeout: 11000,
getProcessedConfig: [Function],
forkNewDriverInstance: [Function],
restart: [Function],
restartSync: [Function],
internalRootEl: '',
internalIgnoreSynchronization: true
},
then: null,
parentElementArrayFinder: ElementArrayFinder {
browser_: [ProtractorBrowser],
getWebElements: [Function: getWebElements],
locator_: [name(name) {
return By.css('*[name="' + escapeCss(name) + '"]');
}],
actionResults_: null,
click: [Function],
sendKeys: [Function],
getTagName: [Function],
getCssValue: [Function],
getAttribute: [Function],
getText: [Function],
getSize: [Function],
getLocation: [Function],
isEnabled: [Function],
isSelected: [Function],
submit: [Function],
clear: [Function],
isDisplayed: [Function],
getId: [Function],
takeScreenshot: [Function]
},
elementArrayFinder_: ElementArrayFinder {
browser_: [ProtractorBrowser],
getWebElements: [Function: getWebElements],
locator_: [name(name) {
return By.css('*[name="' + escapeCss(name) + '"]');
}],
actionResults_: null,
click: [Function],
sendKeys: [Function],
getTagName: [Function],
getCssValue: [Function],
getAttribute: [Function],
getText: [Function],
getSize: [Function],
getLocation: [Function],
isEnabled: [Function],
isSelected: [Function],
submit: [Function],
clear: [Function],
isDisplayed: [Function],
getId: [Function],
takeScreenshot: [Function]
},
click: [Function],
sendKeys: [Function],
getTagName: [Function],
getCssValue: [Function],
getAttribute: [Function],
getText: [Function],
getSize: [Function],
getLocation: [Function],
isEnabled: [Function],
isSelected: [Function],
submit: [Function],
clear: [Function],
isDisplayed: [Function],
getId: [Function],
takeScreenshot: [Function]
}
]
.
1 spec, 0 failures
Finished in 3.881 seconds
[13:33:25] I/local - Shutting down selenium standalone server.
[13:33:25] I/launcher - 0 instance(s) of WebDriver still running
[13:33:25] I/launcher - chrome #01 passed
C:\ProtractorProjects\ddg>
我觉得你对每一个的作用都不是很清楚...
element(...) - returns ElementFinder（一个元素）
element.all(...) - returns ElementArrayFinder（许多元素）
两者都用于指向元素。然后你想与他们互动——点击、计数、获取文本等……无论你想用它们做什么都是 Promise。所以
element().count() 或 element().getText() - return 承诺
Promise本质上什么都不是...因为后面可能会解决，可能是pending，可能会被拒绝（其实也不是什么都没有，只是这样想更容易）
await 关键字解析 Promise 和 returns 一个值，对于 .count() 将是一个数字或对于 .getText()
是一个字符串
所以你应该做的是这个
// declare an element
let elem = element(by.css('some css'));
// then you declare a promise and resolve it
let value = await elem.getText()
// or
await elem.click()
在量角器中，(source):
有什么区别示例 1
const allOptions = element.all(by.options('fruit for fruit in fruits'));
expect(await allOptions.count()).toEqual(4);
和（source）：
示例 2
const arr = await element.all(by.model('color'));
expect(arr.length).toEqual(3);
为什么如果我这样做...
示例 3
let allOptions = await element.all(by.css('.mat-option-text > span'));
let firstOption = allOptions.first();
...我收到这个静态打字稿错误？
Property 'first' does not exist on type 'any[] | ElementFinder[]'. Property 'first' does not exist on type 'any[]'.ts(2339)
element.all(locator).then(thenFunction) and element.all(locator) 的正确用法是什么？
本质上，element.all return 是一个 ElementArrayFinder object but await element.all will return an array of ElementFinder 对象。
等待的 ElementArrayFinder 是一个简单的 ElementFinder 对象数组，因此可以调用所有现有的 array methods（例如长度）。 unawaited ElementArrayFinder 是一个用量角器定义的特殊对象，并具有可用的特殊方法（例如 count()、get() 和 first()）。
量角器中列出了 ElementArrayFinder 可用的方法 api。
例子
对于此示例，请转到页面 https://angular.io/。 $([class="button hero-cta"]) 在此页面上仅找到一个元素
console.log(element.all('[class="button hero-cta"]')) 将 return以下 ElementArrayFinder 对象
ElementArrayFinder {
browser_: ProtractorBrowser {
controlFlow: [Function],
schedule: [Function],
setFileDetector: [Function],
getExecutor: [Function],
getSession: [Function],
getCapabilities: [Function],
quit: [Function],
actions: [Function],
touchActions: [Function],
executeScript: [Function],
executeAsyncScript: [Function],
call: [Function],
wait: [Function],
sleep: [Function],
getWindowHandle: [Function],
getAllWindowHandles: [Function],
getPageSource: [Function],
close: [Function],
getCurrentUrl: [Function],
getTitle: [Function],
findElementInternal_: [Function],
findElementsInternal_: [Function],
takeScreenshot: [Function],
manage: [Function],
switchTo: [Function],
driver: thenableWebDriverProxy {
flow_: [ControlFlow],
session_: [ManagedPromise],
executor_: [Executor],
fileDetector_: null,
onQuit_: undefined,
cancel: [Function],
then: [Function: bound then],
catch: [Function: bound then],
getNetworkConnection: [Function],
setNetworkConnection: [Function],
toggleAirplaneMode: [Function],
toggleWiFi: [Function],
toggleData: [Function],
toggleLocationServices: [Function],
getGeolocation: [Function],
setGeolocation: [Function],
getCurrentDeviceActivity: [Function],
startDeviceActivity: [Function],
getAppiumSettings: [Function],
setAppiumSettings: [Function],
getCurrentContext: [Function],
selectContext: [Function],
getScreenOrientation: [Function],
setScreenOrientation: [Function],
isDeviceLocked: [Function],
lockDevice: [Function],
unlockDevice: [Function],
installApp: [Function],
isAppInstalled: [Function],
removeApp: [Function],
pullFileFromDevice: [Function],
pullFolderFromDevice: [Function],
pushFileToDevice: [Function],
listContexts: [Function],
uploadFile: [Function],
switchToParentFrame: [Function],
fullscreen: [Function],
sendAppToBackground: [Function],
closeApp: [Function],
getAppStrings: [Function],
launchSession: [Function],
resetApp: [Function],
hideSoftKeyboard: [Function],
getDeviceTime: [Function],
openDeviceNotifications: [Function],
rotationGesture: [Function],
shakeDevice: [Function],
sendChromiumCommand: [Function],
sendChromiumCommandAndGetResult: [Function]
},
element: [Function: element] { all: [Function] },
'$': [Function],
'$$': [Function],
baseUrl: '',
getPageTimeout: 10000,
params: {},
resetUrl: 'data:text/html,<html></html>',
debugHelper: DebugHelper { browserUnderDebug_: [Circular] },
ready: ManagedPromise {
flow_: [ControlFlow],
stack_: null,
parent_: null,
callbacks_: null,
state_: 'fulfilled',
handled_: true,
value_: [Circular],
queue_: null
},
trackOutstandingTimeouts_: true,
mockModules_: [ [Object] ],
ExpectedConditions: ProtractorExpectedConditions { browser: [Circular] },
plugins_: Plugins {
setup: [Function],
onPrepare: [Function],
teardown: [Function],
postResults: [Function],
postTest: [Function],
onPageLoad: [Function],
onPageStable: [Function],
waitForPromise: [Function],
waitForCondition: [Function],
pluginObjs: [],
assertions: {},
resultsReported: false
},
allScriptsTimeout: 11000,
getProcessedConfig: [Function],
forkNewDriverInstance: [Function],
restart: [Function],
restartSync: [Function],
internalRootEl: '',
internalIgnoreSynchronization: true
},
getWebElements: [Function: getWebElements],
locator_: name(name) {
return By.css('*[name="' + escapeCss(name) + '"]');
} {
using: 'css selector',
value: '[class="button hero-cta"]'
},
actionResults_: null,
click: [Function],
sendKeys: [Function],
getTagName: [Function],
getCssValue: [Function],
getAttribute: [Function],
getText: [Function],
getSize: [Function],
getLocation: [Function],
isEnabled: [Function],
isSelected: [Function],
submit: [Function],
clear: [Function],
isDisplayed: [Function],
getId: [Function],
takeScreenshot: [Function]
}
console.log(等待element.all('[class="button hero-cta"]'))将return ElementFinder 对象数组
[
ElementFinder {
browser_: ProtractorBrowser {
controlFlow: [Function],
schedule: [Function],
setFileDetector: [Function],
getExecutor: [Function],
getSession: [Function],
getCapabilities: [Function],
quit: [Function],
actions: [Function],
touchActions: [Function],
executeScript: [Function],
executeAsyncScript: [Function],
call: [Function],
wait: [Function],
sleep: [Function],
getWindowHandle: [Function],
getAllWindowHandles: [Function],
getPageSource: [Function],
close: [Function],
getCurrentUrl: [Function],
getTitle: [Function],
findElementInternal_: [Function],
findElementsInternal_: [Function],
takeScreenshot: [Function],
manage: [Function],
switchTo: [Function],
driver: [thenableWebDriverProxy],
element: [Function],
'$': [Function],
'$$': [Function],
baseUrl: '',
getPageTimeout: 10000,
params: {},
resetUrl: 'data:text/html,<html></html>',
debugHelper: [DebugHelper],
ready: [ManagedPromise],
trackOutstandingTimeouts_: true,
mockModules_: [Array],
ExpectedConditions: [ProtractorExpectedConditions],
plugins_: [Plugins],
allScriptsTimeout: 11000,
getProcessedConfig: [Function],
forkNewDriverInstance: [Function],
restart: [Function],
restartSync: [Function],
internalRootEl: '',
internalIgnoreSynchronization: true
},
then: null,
parentElementArrayFinder: ElementArrayFinder {
browser_: [ProtractorBrowser],
getWebElements: [Function: getWebElements],
locator_: [name(name) {
return By.css('*[name="' + escapeCss(name) + '"]');
}],
actionResults_: null,
click: [Function],
sendKeys: [Function],
getTagName: [Function],
getCssValue: [Function],
getAttribute: [Function],
getText: [Function],
getSize: [Function],
getLocation: [Function],
isEnabled: [Function],
isSelected: [Function],
submit: [Function],
clear: [Function],
isDisplayed: [Function],
getId: [Function],
takeScreenshot: [Function]
},
elementArrayFinder_: ElementArrayFinder {
browser_: [ProtractorBrowser],
getWebElements: [Function: getWebElements],
locator_: [name(name) {
return By.css('*[name="' + escapeCss(name) + '"]');
}],
actionResults_: null,
click: [Function],
sendKeys: [Function],
getTagName: [Function],
getCssValue: [Function],
getAttribute: [Function],
getText: [Function],
getSize: [Function],
getLocation: [Function],
isEnabled: [Function],
isSelected: [Function],
submit: [Function],
clear: [Function],
isDisplayed: [Function],
getId: [Function],
takeScreenshot: [Function]
},
click: [Function],
sendKeys: [Function],
getTagName: [Function],
getCssValue: [Function],
getAttribute: [Function],
getText: [Function],
getSize: [Function],
getLocation: [Function],
isEnabled: [Function],
isSelected: [Function],
submit: [Function],
clear: [Function],
isDisplayed: [Function],
getId: [Function],
takeScreenshot: [Function]
}
]
.
1 spec, 0 failures
Finished in 3.881 seconds
[13:33:25] I/local - Shutting down selenium standalone server.
[13:33:25] I/launcher - 0 instance(s) of WebDriver still running
[13:33:25] I/launcher - chrome #01 passed
C:\ProtractorProjects\ddg>
我觉得你对每一个的作用都不是很清楚...
element(...) - returns ElementFinder（一个元素）
element.all(...) - returns ElementArrayFinder（许多元素）
两者都用于指向元素。然后你想与他们互动——点击、计数、获取文本等……无论你想用它们做什么都是 Promise。所以
element().count() 或 element().getText() - return 承诺
Promise本质上什么都不是...因为后面可能会解决，可能是pending，可能会被拒绝（其实也不是什么都没有，只是这样想更容易）
await 关键字解析 Promise 和 returns 一个值，对于 .count() 将是一个数字或对于 .getText()
所以你应该做的是这个
// declare an element
let elem = element(by.css('some css'));
// then you declare a promise and resolve it
let value = await elem.getText()
// or
await elem.click()