通过集成测试执行生产代码时@Autowired 字段为空

Question

过去几天我一直在摸不着头脑的一个奇怪的问题。我有一个现场注入到服务 class 中的 JPA 存储库。当运行服务器并通过客户端发送请求但是当通过集成测试执行代码时，注入的字段 class (CustomerRepository) 始终为空。

我已经通过互联网尝试了各种建议，但我没有找到与我相似的情况，任何帮助将不胜感激

服务class

@GRpcService
public class CustomerService extends CustomerServiceGrpc.CustomerServiceImplBase {

    @Autowired
    private CustomerRepository repository;

    @Override
    public void createCustomer(CreateCustomerRequest request, StreamObserver<CreateCustomerResponse> responseObserver) {

        final CustomerDao convertedDao = ProtoToDaoConverter.convertCustomerRequestProtoToCustomerDao(request);

        repository.save(convertedDao);

        responseObserver.onNext(CreateCustomerResponse.newBuilder().setSuccess(true).build());
        responseObserver.onCompleted();
    }
}

集成测试

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class CustomerServiceIT {

    @Rule
    private final GrpcCleanupRule grpcCleanup = new GrpcCleanupRule();

    @Test
    public void something() throws IOException {

        String serverName = InProcessServerBuilder.generateName();

        // Create a server, add service, start, and register for automatic graceful shutdown.
        grpcCleanup.register(InProcessServerBuilder
                .forName(serverName).directExecutor().addService(new CustomerService()).build().start());

        customerServiceGrpc.CustomerServiceBlockingStub blockingStub = CustomerServiceGrpc.newBlockingStub(
                // Create a client channel and register for automatic graceful shutdown.
                grpcCleanup.register(InProcessChannelBuilder.forName(serverName).directExecutor().build()));

        final CreateCustomerRequest request = CreateCustomerRequest.newBuilder().setFirstName("Simon").setSecondName("Brown").setRole("Product Developer").build();

        final CreateCustomerResponse response = blockingStub.createCustomer(request);
    }

}

Answer 1

您可以使用 Mockito 或任何其他测试框架来模拟您的 class 依赖项（您的服务和 JPA 存储库）。

您可以使用这些功能：

@InjectMocks - 实例化测试对象实例并尝试将用 @Mock 或 @Spy 注释的字段注入到测试对象的私有字段中
@Mock - 创建它注释的字段的模拟实例

在你的测试中 class 你必须使用 @Mock 来注入“一个假的存储库”：

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class CustomerServiceTest {

    @InjectMocks
    private CustomerService testingObject;

    @Mock
    private CustomerRepository customRepository;

    @Rule
    private final GrpcCleanupRule grpcCleanup = new GrpcCleanupRule();

    @BeforeMethod
    public void initMocks(){
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }

    @Test
    public void something() throws IOException {

    // inside the testing method you have to define what you mocked object should return.
    // it means mocking the CustomRepository methods

    CustomerDao customer = new CustomerDao(); // fill it with data
    Mockito.when(customRepository.save()).thenReturn(customer);


        // Create a server, add service, start, and register for automatic graceful shutdown.
        grpcCleanup.register(InProcessServerBuilder
                .forName(serverName).directExecutor().addService(new CustomerService()).build().start());

        customerServiceGrpc.CustomerServiceBlockingStub blockingStub = CustomerServiceGrpc.newBlockingStub(
                // Create a client channel and register for automatic graceful shutdown.
                grpcCleanup.register(InProcessChannelBuilder.forName(serverName).directExecutor().build()));

        final CreateCustomerRequest request = CreateCustomerRequest.newBuilder().setFirstName("Simon").setSecondName("Brown").setRole("Product Developer").build();

        final CreateCustomerResponse response = blockingStub.createCustomer(request);
    }

}

由于您的存储库及其方法是模拟的，因此您的 customerService 应该填充虚假数据以用于测试目的。

注意： ：很高兴为 classes 制定命名约定，尤其是测试 classes。一个常见的用法是总是给 xxTest 的后缀，就像我在答案中所做的那样

Answer 2

如果无法读取堆栈跟踪，则很难回答。我会通过查看 spring 上下文配置类来开始调查这个问题。也许其中一些在您的集成测试运行时丢失了。

如果您的应用程序中存在 spring @Configuration 或其他 @Component 类，可能有助于在您的测试中显式加载它们，以及您意外的 null-值 CustomerRepository:

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {AppConfig.class, CustomerRepository.class })
public class CustomerServiceIT {

这可能无法解决问题，但可能会揭示一些有助于您调查问题的错误消息。

Answer 3

在测试中调用 new CustomerService()。您自己创建一个对象，而不是通过 spring。我猜你应该在 test class

中创建一个字段

@Autowired private final CustomerService customerService

并传入 grpcCleanup.register(InProcessServerBuilder .forName(serverName).directExecutor().addService(customerService).build().start());

通过集成测试执行生产代码时@Autowired 字段为空

@Autowired field null when executing production code via integration tests

java

spring-boot

spring-data-jpa

grpc-java