为什么 javac 允许 "new CLS().new InnerCLS()" 编译?

Why does javac allow "new CLS().new InnerCLS()" compile?

考虑以下片段:
(我在检查一些反编译的 class 文件时遇到了这种语法,这是一个最小的表示)

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Main.Inner o = new Main().new Inner() {};

        System.out.println("Bye from " + o.getClass());
    }

    class Inner {}
}

编译和运行良好(我测试了一堆 JDK)。
谁能解释一下这是怎么编译的,这段代码代表什么?

此代码创建 3 classes:

1. Main - This creates the following code (I removed the irrelevant parts):   
    new Main
    dup
    new Main
    dup
    invokespecial Method Main <init> ()V
    dup
    invokevirtual Method java/lang/Object getClass ()Ljava/lang/Class;
    pop
    invokespecial Method Main <init> (LMain;)V

Why is it calling getClass (the result is popped anyway)?

2. Main$Inner - This class looks like as would expect an inner class to look

3. Main - This creates the following class (I removed the irrelevant parts):
    final class Main extends Main$Inner 
    method <init> : (LMain;)V 
    aload_0
    aload_1
    dup
    invokevirtual Method java/lang/Object getClass ()Ljava/lang/Class;
    pop
    invokespecial Method Main$Inner <init> (LMain;)V
    return

Again, why is it calling getClass (the result is popped anyway)?

顺便说一句,它可以像这样进一步嵌套:

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Object o = new Main().new Inner1().new Inner2().new Inner3() {};

        System.out.println("Bye from " + o.getClass());
    }

    class Inner1 {
        class Inner2 {
            class Inner3 {
            }
        }
    }
}

这就是实例(非静态)内部 class 的工作方式。您需要外部 class 的实例来实例化内部 class 的实例。这是另一个例子:

var outer = new Outer();
var inner = outer.new Outer.Inner();

参见:

内部 classes 必须用指向外部 class 的 this 指针实例化。

语法 outer.new Inner() 是实现该目标的一种方法(Inner 的新实例将具有 outer 的值作为 outer.this 引用。

这相当于在 Main 中有一个非静态方法 class:

class Main {

    Inner makeInner() {
        /// "this." is implied here, but it is there.
        return new Inner();
    }
    class Inner {
    }
}