Cucumber Java (Maven) WebdriverManager (Bonigarcia) 无法从属性中获取 URL
Cucumber Java (Maven) WebdriverManager (Bonigarcia) Not able to get URL from properties
大家好：我正在尝试 运行 Cucumber with Java (With Maven) and WebDriverManager (Bonigarcia)
这是我项目的树：
├── maven_selenium_cucumber.iml
├── pom.xml
├── src
│ ├── main
│ │ ├── java
│ │ │ ├── common
│ │ │ │ └── BasePage.java
│ │ │ ├── pages
│ │ │ │ └── Page_First.java
│ │ │ └── util
│ │ │ └── driver
│ │ │ ├── Driver.java
│ │ │ └── DriverFactory.java
│ │ └── resources
│ │ ├── default.properties
│ │ └── log4j.properties
│ └── test
│ └── java
│ ├── features
│ │ └── first.feature
│ ├── runner
│ │ └── TestRunner.java
│ └── steps
│ └── Step_First.java
└── target
我的驱动程序class（它就像 Hooks）
package util.driver;
import common.BasePage;
import cucumber.api.java.After;
import cucumber.api.java.Before;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Driver extends BasePage {
public static WebDriver driver;
@Before
public void initializeDriver(){
driver = DriverFactory.getDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.manage().window().maximize();
if (driver == null) {
log.info("Driver did not initialize correctly");
}
}
@After
public void closeDriver(){
driver.quit();
log.info("Driver closed");
}
}
我的 DriverFactory class:
package util.driver;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxBinary;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver;
public class DriverFactory {
private static final String BROWSER = System.getenv("browser");
private static final String WINDOW_WIDTH = System.getenv("window_width");
private static final String WINDOW_HEIGHT = System.getenv("window_height");
private static final String CHROME = "chrome";
private static final String HEADLESS_CHROME = "headless-chrome";
private static final String FIREFOX = "firefox";
private static final String HEADLESS_FIREFOX = "headless-firefox";
private static final String IE = "ie";
private static final String EDGE = "edge";
private static final String SAFARI = "safari";
private static final String WINDOW_SIZE = "--window-size="+WINDOW_WIDTH+"x"+WINDOW_HEIGHT;
private static WebDriver driver;
public static WebDriver getDriver() {
if (BROWSER == null) {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
return new ChromeDriver();
}
switch (BROWSER.toLowerCase())
{
case CHROME:
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
return new ChromeDriver();
case HEADLESS_CHROME:
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.addArguments("--headless");
chromeOptions.addArguments("start-maximized");
chromeOptions.addArguments("disable-infobars");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--disable-extensions");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--disable-gpu");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--disable-dev-shm-usage");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--no-sandbox");
return new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
case FIREFOX:
WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
return new FirefoxDriver();
case HEADLESS_FIREFOX:
FirefoxBinary firefoxBinary = new FirefoxBinary();
firefoxBinary.addCommandLineOptions("--headless");
firefoxBinary.addCommandLineOptions(WINDOW_SIZE);
FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions();
firefoxOptions.setBinary(firefoxBinary);
WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
return new FirefoxDriver(firefoxOptions);
case IE:
WebDriverManager.iedriver().setup();
return new InternetExplorerDriver();
case EDGE:
WebDriverManager.edgedriver().setup();
return new EdgeDriver();
case SAFARI:
driver = new SafariDriver();
return new SafariDriver();
default:
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
return new ChromeDriver();
}
}
}
这是我的 BasePage:
package common;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import util.driver.Driver;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public abstract class BasePage {
protected static String BASE_URL = System.getenv("base_URL");
protected static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(BasePage.class.getName());
private WebDriver driver = Driver.driver;
public BasePage() {
PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
}
protected void waitForElementClickable(WebElement element){
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 30);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(element));
}
protected void waitForElementVisible(WebElement element){
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 15);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(element));
}
protected void setTextAs(WebElement element, String text){
waitForElementClickable(element);
element.sendKeys(text);
}
protected void clearElement(WebElement element){
waitForElementClickable(element);
element.clear();
}
protected void clickElement(WebElement element){
waitForElementClickable(element);
element.click();
}
protected void clickElementByJavascriptExecutor(String xpath){
WebElement element=driver.findElement(By.xpath(xpath));
JavascriptExecutor ex=(JavascriptExecutor)driver;
ex.executeScript("arguments[0].click()", element);
}
protected void clickLink(WebElement element){
waitForElementVisible(element);
element.click();
}
protected String getText(WebElement element){
waitForElementVisible(element);
return element.getText();
}
protected void freeze(int seconds) {
try {
Thread.sleep(seconds * 1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
这是我的步骤定义class Step_First:
package steps;
import common.BasePage;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Given;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Then;
import cucumber.api.java.en.When;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import pages.Page_First;
import util.driver.Driver;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Step_First extends BasePage {
private WebDriver driver = Driver.driver;
private Page_First page_first = PageFactory.initElements(driver, Page_First.class);
@Given("I go to Google")
public void I_go_to_Googl () {
page_first.navigateToBrowser();
}
@When("I query for {string} cucumber spring selenium")
public void I_query_for_cucumber_spring_selenium (String search) throws IOException {
page_first.search(search);
}
@When("click search")
public void click_search(){
page_first.enterButton();
}
@Then("google page title should become the first page")
public void google_page_title_should_become_the_first_page() {
log.info("All OK");
}
}
这是我的Runner文件TestRunner
package runner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions;
import cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber;
@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(
features = "src/test/java/features",
glue= {"steps"},
monochrome = true,
plugin = {"pretty", "html:TestReports", "json:TestReports/cucumber.json", "junit:TestReports/cucumber.xml"}
)
public class TestRunner {
}
下面是我的特征文件fist.feature
Feature: Navigation Test
Scenario: Search google.com to verify google search is working
Given I go to Google
When I query for "<search>" cucumber spring selenium
And click search
Then google page title should become the first page
我有我的配置文件default.properties
# default.properties
# properties set here will be available to the test execution as environment variables
# Browser
browser = firefox
# Base URL
base_URL = https://www.google.com
# Search
search = cucumber selenium
不要忘记我的 POM：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>automation</groupId>
<artifactId>maven_selenium_cucumber</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<maven.compiler.version>3.7.0</maven.compiler.version>
<cucumber.version>3.0.2</cucumber.version>
<selenium.version>3.12.0</selenium.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-jvm-deps</artifactId>
<version>1.0.6</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-core</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.cucumber/cucumber-java8 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-java8</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.cucumber/cucumber-picocontainer -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-picocontainer</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.github.bonigarcia/webdrivermanager -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>
<artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>
<version>3.7.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven.compiler.version}</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
这里的问题是 2:
1.- 我在我的配置文件 (default.properties) 中写了选项 firefox 在浏览器中，但导航器正在打开 Chrome.
2.- 几秒钟后，浏览器崩溃，控制台显示下一条错误消息：
java.lang.NullPointerException: null value in entry: url=null
at com.google.common.collect.CollectPreconditions.checkEntryNotNull(CollectPreconditions.java:32)
at com.google.common.collect.SingletonImmutableBiMap.<init>(SingletonImmutableBiMap.java:42)
at com.google.common.collect.ImmutableBiMap.of(ImmutableBiMap.java:70)
at com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap.of(ImmutableMap.java:123)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.get(RemoteWebDriver.java:271)
at pages.Page_First.navigateToBrowser(Page_First.java:37)
at steps.Step_First.I_go_to_Google(Step_First.java:24)
at ✽.I go to Google (/Users/rodrigo.g/Documents/automation_projects/maven_selenium_cucumber/src/test/java/features/first.feature:8)
Skipped step
Skipped step
Skipped step
Feb 21, 2020 7:18:03 PM util.driver.Driver closeDriver
INFO: $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Finish of Test Execution $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Feb 21, 2020 7:18:03 PM util.driver.Driver closeDriver
INFO: Driver closed
Failed scenarios:
/Users/rodrigo.g/Documents/automation_projects/maven_selenium_cucumber/src/test/java/features/first.feature:6 # Search google.com to verify google search is working
1 Scenarios (1 failed)
4 Steps (1 failed, 3 skipped)
0m2.833s
java.lang.NullPointerException: null value in entry: url=null
at com.google.common.collect.CollectPreconditions.checkEntryNotNull(CollectPreconditions.java:32)
at com.google.common.collect.SingletonImmutableBiMap.<init>(SingletonImmutableBiMap.java:42)
at com.google.common.collect.ImmutableBiMap.of(ImmutableBiMap.java:70)
at com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap.of(ImmutableMap.java:123)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.get(RemoteWebDriver.java:271)
at pages.Page_First.navigateToBrowser(Page_First.java:37)
at steps.Step_First.I_go_to_Google(Step_First.java:24)
at ✽.I go to Google (/Users/rodrigo.g/Documents/automation_projects/maven_selenium_cucumber/src/test/java/features/first.feature:8)
Process finished with exit code 1
拜托，有人可以帮我解决这两个问题吗？
首先，有很多无用的信息。
另外，我会邀请您看一下您的这部分代码：
你的Driver.class：
driver = DriverFactory.getDriver();
您第一次尝试初始化它以供进一步使用。那么：
if (BROWSER == null) {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
return new ChromeDriver();
}
也就是说，如果没有活动的浏览器，请联系我 Chrome。
此外，在您的 DriveFactory.class 开关中：
default:
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
return new ChromeDriver();
所以你说默认接我 Chrome
这是 Chrome 调用而不是 FF 的可能原因。
关于 NPE，
我没有在您的代码中找到有关如何定义 .properties 文件路径的行。顺便说一句，这条线应该如何工作？
protected static String BASE_URL = System.getenv("base_URL");
我建议您使用属性 class 来定义它。像下面这样。
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(new FileInputStream("yourPropertiesFilePath"));
String browserName = properties.getProperty("base_URL");
希望这会有所帮助。
我做了下一个：
protected static WebDriver initializeDriver() throws IOException {
//Declares a variable for reading properties from a resource bundle file (*.properties)
Properties p = new Properties();
//Always the Absolute path here.
FileInputStream f = new FileInputStream("/src/main/resources/data/config.properties");
p.load(f);
//The String inside the config.properties
String browser = p.getProperty("browser");
if(browser.equals("chrome")) {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
driver = new ChromeDriver();
} else if(browser.equals("firefox")) {
WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
} else if(browser.equals("ie")) {
WebDriverManager.iedriver().setup();
driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
} else if(browser.equals("edge")) {
WebDriverManager.edgedriver().setup();
driver = new EdgeDriver();
} else {
System.setProperty("webdriver.safari.driver","/usr/bin/safaridriver");
driver = new SafariDriver();
}
return driver;
并且，在另一个 class 中，我写了下一个：
driver = DriverClass.initializeDriver();
大家好：我正在尝试 运行 Cucumber with Java (With Maven) and WebDriverManager (Bonigarcia)
这是我项目的树：
├── maven_selenium_cucumber.iml
├── pom.xml
├── src
│ ├── main
│ │ ├── java
│ │ │ ├── common
│ │ │ │ └── BasePage.java
│ │ │ ├── pages
│ │ │ │ └── Page_First.java
│ │ │ └── util
│ │ │ └── driver
│ │ │ ├── Driver.java
│ │ │ └── DriverFactory.java
│ │ └── resources
│ │ ├── default.properties
│ │ └── log4j.properties
│ └── test
│ └── java
│ ├── features
│ │ └── first.feature
│ ├── runner
│ │ └── TestRunner.java
│ └── steps
│ └── Step_First.java
└── target
我的驱动程序class（它就像 Hooks）
package util.driver;
import common.BasePage;
import cucumber.api.java.After;
import cucumber.api.java.Before;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class Driver extends BasePage {
public static WebDriver driver;
@Before
public void initializeDriver(){
driver = DriverFactory.getDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.manage().window().maximize();
if (driver == null) {
log.info("Driver did not initialize correctly");
}
}
@After
public void closeDriver(){
driver.quit();
log.info("Driver closed");
}
}
我的 DriverFactory class:
package util.driver;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.edge.EdgeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxBinary;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxOptions;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.safari.SafariDriver;
public class DriverFactory {
private static final String BROWSER = System.getenv("browser");
private static final String WINDOW_WIDTH = System.getenv("window_width");
private static final String WINDOW_HEIGHT = System.getenv("window_height");
private static final String CHROME = "chrome";
private static final String HEADLESS_CHROME = "headless-chrome";
private static final String FIREFOX = "firefox";
private static final String HEADLESS_FIREFOX = "headless-firefox";
private static final String IE = "ie";
private static final String EDGE = "edge";
private static final String SAFARI = "safari";
private static final String WINDOW_SIZE = "--window-size="+WINDOW_WIDTH+"x"+WINDOW_HEIGHT;
private static WebDriver driver;
public static WebDriver getDriver() {
if (BROWSER == null) {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
return new ChromeDriver();
}
switch (BROWSER.toLowerCase())
{
case CHROME:
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
return new ChromeDriver();
case HEADLESS_CHROME:
ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
chromeOptions.addArguments("--headless");
chromeOptions.addArguments("start-maximized");
chromeOptions.addArguments("disable-infobars");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--disable-extensions");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--disable-gpu");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--disable-dev-shm-usage");
chromeOptions.addArguments("--no-sandbox");
return new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
case FIREFOX:
WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
return new FirefoxDriver();
case HEADLESS_FIREFOX:
FirefoxBinary firefoxBinary = new FirefoxBinary();
firefoxBinary.addCommandLineOptions("--headless");
firefoxBinary.addCommandLineOptions(WINDOW_SIZE);
FirefoxOptions firefoxOptions = new FirefoxOptions();
firefoxOptions.setBinary(firefoxBinary);
WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
return new FirefoxDriver(firefoxOptions);
case IE:
WebDriverManager.iedriver().setup();
return new InternetExplorerDriver();
case EDGE:
WebDriverManager.edgedriver().setup();
return new EdgeDriver();
case SAFARI:
driver = new SafariDriver();
return new SafariDriver();
default:
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
return new ChromeDriver();
}
}
}
这是我的 BasePage:
package common;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
import util.driver.Driver;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public abstract class BasePage {
protected static String BASE_URL = System.getenv("base_URL");
protected static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(BasePage.class.getName());
private WebDriver driver = Driver.driver;
public BasePage() {
PageFactory.initElements(driver, this);
}
protected void waitForElementClickable(WebElement element){
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 30);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable(element));
}
protected void waitForElementVisible(WebElement element){
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 15);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf(element));
}
protected void setTextAs(WebElement element, String text){
waitForElementClickable(element);
element.sendKeys(text);
}
protected void clearElement(WebElement element){
waitForElementClickable(element);
element.clear();
}
protected void clickElement(WebElement element){
waitForElementClickable(element);
element.click();
}
protected void clickElementByJavascriptExecutor(String xpath){
WebElement element=driver.findElement(By.xpath(xpath));
JavascriptExecutor ex=(JavascriptExecutor)driver;
ex.executeScript("arguments[0].click()", element);
}
protected void clickLink(WebElement element){
waitForElementVisible(element);
element.click();
}
protected String getText(WebElement element){
waitForElementVisible(element);
return element.getText();
}
protected void freeze(int seconds) {
try {
Thread.sleep(seconds * 1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
这是我的步骤定义class Step_First:
package steps;
import common.BasePage;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Given;
import cucumber.api.java.en.Then;
import cucumber.api.java.en.When;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.PageFactory;
import pages.Page_First;
import util.driver.Driver;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Step_First extends BasePage {
private WebDriver driver = Driver.driver;
private Page_First page_first = PageFactory.initElements(driver, Page_First.class);
@Given("I go to Google")
public void I_go_to_Googl () {
page_first.navigateToBrowser();
}
@When("I query for {string} cucumber spring selenium")
public void I_query_for_cucumber_spring_selenium (String search) throws IOException {
page_first.search(search);
}
@When("click search")
public void click_search(){
page_first.enterButton();
}
@Then("google page title should become the first page")
public void google_page_title_should_become_the_first_page() {
log.info("All OK");
}
}
这是我的Runner文件TestRunner
package runner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions;
import cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber;
@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(
features = "src/test/java/features",
glue= {"steps"},
monochrome = true,
plugin = {"pretty", "html:TestReports", "json:TestReports/cucumber.json", "junit:TestReports/cucumber.xml"}
)
public class TestRunner {
}
下面是我的特征文件fist.feature
Feature: Navigation Test
Scenario: Search google.com to verify google search is working
Given I go to Google
When I query for "<search>" cucumber spring selenium
And click search
Then google page title should become the first page
我有我的配置文件default.properties
# default.properties
# properties set here will be available to the test execution as environment variables
# Browser
browser = firefox
# Base URL
base_URL = https://www.google.com
# Search
search = cucumber selenium
不要忘记我的 POM：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>automation</groupId>
<artifactId>maven_selenium_cucumber</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<maven.compiler.version>3.7.0</maven.compiler.version>
<cucumber.version>3.0.2</cucumber.version>
<selenium.version>3.12.0</selenium.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-jvm-deps</artifactId>
<version>1.0.6</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-core</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.cucumber/cucumber-java8 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-java8</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.cucumber/cucumber-picocontainer -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-picocontainer</artifactId>
<version>${cucumber.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>${selenium.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.github.bonigarcia/webdrivermanager -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>
<artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>
<version>3.7.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${maven.compiler.version}</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
这里的问题是 2:
1.- 我在我的配置文件 (default.properties) 中写了选项 firefox 在浏览器中，但导航器正在打开 Chrome.
2.- 几秒钟后，浏览器崩溃，控制台显示下一条错误消息：
java.lang.NullPointerException: null value in entry: url=null
at com.google.common.collect.CollectPreconditions.checkEntryNotNull(CollectPreconditions.java:32)
at com.google.common.collect.SingletonImmutableBiMap.<init>(SingletonImmutableBiMap.java:42)
at com.google.common.collect.ImmutableBiMap.of(ImmutableBiMap.java:70)
at com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap.of(ImmutableMap.java:123)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.get(RemoteWebDriver.java:271)
at pages.Page_First.navigateToBrowser(Page_First.java:37)
at steps.Step_First.I_go_to_Google(Step_First.java:24)
at ✽.I go to Google (/Users/rodrigo.g/Documents/automation_projects/maven_selenium_cucumber/src/test/java/features/first.feature:8)
Skipped step
Skipped step
Skipped step
Feb 21, 2020 7:18:03 PM util.driver.Driver closeDriver
INFO: $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Finish of Test Execution $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Feb 21, 2020 7:18:03 PM util.driver.Driver closeDriver
INFO: Driver closed
Failed scenarios:
/Users/rodrigo.g/Documents/automation_projects/maven_selenium_cucumber/src/test/java/features/first.feature:6 # Search google.com to verify google search is working
1 Scenarios (1 failed)
4 Steps (1 failed, 3 skipped)
0m2.833s
java.lang.NullPointerException: null value in entry: url=null
at com.google.common.collect.CollectPreconditions.checkEntryNotNull(CollectPreconditions.java:32)
at com.google.common.collect.SingletonImmutableBiMap.<init>(SingletonImmutableBiMap.java:42)
at com.google.common.collect.ImmutableBiMap.of(ImmutableBiMap.java:70)
at com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap.of(ImmutableMap.java:123)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.get(RemoteWebDriver.java:271)
at pages.Page_First.navigateToBrowser(Page_First.java:37)
at steps.Step_First.I_go_to_Google(Step_First.java:24)
at ✽.I go to Google (/Users/rodrigo.g/Documents/automation_projects/maven_selenium_cucumber/src/test/java/features/first.feature:8)
Process finished with exit code 1
拜托，有人可以帮我解决这两个问题吗？
首先，有很多无用的信息。 另外，我会邀请您看一下您的这部分代码：
你的Driver.class：
driver = DriverFactory.getDriver();
您第一次尝试初始化它以供进一步使用。那么：
if (BROWSER == null) {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
return new ChromeDriver();
}
也就是说，如果没有活动的浏览器，请联系我 Chrome。 此外，在您的 DriveFactory.class 开关中：
default:
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
return new ChromeDriver();
所以你说默认接我 Chrome 这是 Chrome 调用而不是 FF 的可能原因。
关于 NPE， 我没有在您的代码中找到有关如何定义 .properties 文件路径的行。顺便说一句，这条线应该如何工作？
protected static String BASE_URL = System.getenv("base_URL");
我建议您使用属性 class 来定义它。像下面这样。
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(new FileInputStream("yourPropertiesFilePath"));
String browserName = properties.getProperty("base_URL");
希望这会有所帮助。
我做了下一个：
protected static WebDriver initializeDriver() throws IOException {
//Declares a variable for reading properties from a resource bundle file (*.properties)
Properties p = new Properties();
//Always the Absolute path here.
FileInputStream f = new FileInputStream("/src/main/resources/data/config.properties");
p.load(f);
//The String inside the config.properties
String browser = p.getProperty("browser");
if(browser.equals("chrome")) {
WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
driver = new ChromeDriver();
} else if(browser.equals("firefox")) {
WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
} else if(browser.equals("ie")) {
WebDriverManager.iedriver().setup();
driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
} else if(browser.equals("edge")) {
WebDriverManager.edgedriver().setup();
driver = new EdgeDriver();
} else {
System.setProperty("webdriver.safari.driver","/usr/bin/safaridriver");
driver = new SafariDriver();
}
return driver;
并且，在另一个 class 中，我写了下一个：
driver = DriverClass.initializeDriver();