Negation 和 De Morgan 定律不是 C++20 约束部分排序的一部分

Question

partial ordering by constraints的规则指AND和OR，不指NOT：

13.5.4 Partial ordering by constraints [temp.constr.order]
(1.2) ...
- The constraint A ∧ B subsumes A, but A does not subsume A ∧ B.
- The constraint A subsumes A ∨ B, but A ∨ B does not subsume A.

这些规则基于atomic constraints and constraints normalization的定义：

13.5.3 Constraint normalization [temp.constr.normal]
1 The normal form of an expression E is a constraint that is defined
  as follows:
(1.1) The normal form of an expression ( E ) is the normal form of E.
(1.2) The normal form of an expression E1 || E2 is the disjunction
      of the normal forms of E1 and E2.
(1.3) The normal form of an expression E1 && E2 is the conjunction
      of the normal forms of E1 and E2.

否定（即！E1）没有特别处理。

因此下面的代码正确地使用了偏序：

void foo(auto i) requires std::integral<decltype(i)> {
    std::cout << "integral 1" << std::endl;
}

void foo(auto i) requires std::integral<decltype(i)> && true {
    std::cout << "integral 2" << std::endl;
}

int main() {
    foo(0); // integral 2
}

虽然此代码因歧义而失败：

template<typename T>
concept not_integral = !std::integral<T>;

template<typename T>
concept not_not_integral = !not_integral<T>;

void foo(auto i) requires not_not_integral<decltype(i)> {
    std::cout << "integral 1" << std::endl;
}

void foo(auto i) requires std::integral<decltype(i)> && true {
    std::cout << "integral 2" << std::endl;
}

int main() {
    foo(0);
}

代码：https://godbolt.org/z/RYjqr2

以上导致德摩根定律不适用于概念：

template<class P>
concept has_field_moo_but_not_foo
     = has_field_moo<P> && !has_field_foo<P>;

不等同于：

template<class P>
concept has_field_moo_but_not_foo
     = !(has_field_foo<P> || !has_field_moo<P>);

第一个会参与部分排序，而后者不会。

代码：https://godbolt.org/z/aRhmyy

决定不将否定处理作为约束规范化的一部分，是为了简化编译器供应商的实施吗？还是试图支持它存在逻辑缺陷？

Answer 1

Was the decision, not to handle negation as part of constraint normalization, taken in order to ease the implementation for compiler vendors?

是的。这概括为需要编译器中的 SAT 求解器。

在 [temp.constr.op]/5 中添加了一个例子来证明这一点，尽管它没有提供决定的理由：

template <class T> concept sad = false;

template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>);
template <class T> int f1(T) requires (!sad<T>) && true;
int i1 = f1(42);        // ambiguous, !sad<T> atomic constraint expressions ([temp.constr.atomic])
                        // are not formed from the same expression

template <class T> concept not_sad = !sad<T>;
template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T>;
template <class T> int f2(T) requires not_sad<T> && true;
int i2 = f2(42);        // OK, !sad<T> atomic constraint expressions both come from not_sad

template <class T> int f3(T) requires (!sad<typename T::type>);
int i3 = f3(42);        // error: associated constraints not satisfied due to substitution failure

template <class T> concept sad_nested_type = sad<typename T::type>;
template <class T> int f4(T) requires (!sad_nested_type<T>);
int i4 = f4(42);        // OK, substitution failure contained within sad_nested_type

请特别注意 f3 和 f4 之间的区别。 requires !sad<typename T::type> 是指没有 sad 嵌套类型，还是存在不是 sad 的嵌套类型？其实就是后者的意思，而f4上的约束就是前者。

Negation 和 De Morgan 定律不是 C++20 约束部分排序的一部分

Negation and De Morgan's Law not part of C++20 partial ordering by constraints

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