通过 docker exec sh -c "..." 传递一个复杂的 shell 脚本
Passing a complex shell script via docker exec sh -c "..."
我有一个脚本可以在 linux 主机上的 sh 以及 alpine 容器中正常工作。但是当我尝试使用 docker exec <containerID> sh -c "<script>" 执行它时，它会出现异常。该脚本的功能是输出类似于 ps.
的内容
systick=$(getconf CLK_TCK); for c in /proc/*/cmdline; do d=$(dirname $c); name=$(grep Name: $d/status); pid=$(basename $d); uid=$(grep Uid: $d/status); uid=$(echo ${uid#Uid:} | xargs); uid=${uid%% *}; user=$(grep :$uid:[0-9] /etc/passwd); user=${user%%:*}; cmdline=$(cat $c|xargs -0 echo); starttime=$(($(awk '{print }' $d/stat) / systick)); uptime=$(awk '{print int()}' /proc/uptime); elapsed=$(($uptime-$starttime)); echo $pid $user $elapsed $cmdline; done
编辑：sh -c "<script>" 具有相同的行为。
您无法从 docker exec 运行 此脚本，因为变量将在发送到容器之前进行插值（即，您将从本地计算机获取值，而不是从容器内）。
为了 运行 它如您所愿，您需要在脚本中每次出现 $ 时将 $ 替换为 $。
可能更好的方法是将脚本放入文件中，然后使用 -v（即 -v script.sh:/path/to/script.sh）将文件映射到容器内的某个位置，然后通过以下方式调用脚本docker exec /path/to/script.sh
第 1 部分：有效答案
一种有效的单线（引用供 Docker 使用）
getProcessDataDef='shellQuoteWordsDef='"'"'shellQuoteWords() { sq="'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"; dq='"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'; for arg; do printf "'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'%s'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"' " "$(printf '"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'%s\n'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"' "$arg" | sed -e "s@${sq}@${sq}${dq}${sq}${dq}${sq}@g")"; done; printf '"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'\n'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'; }'"'"'; shellQuoteNullSeparatedStream() { xargs -0 sh -c "${shellQuoteWordsDef};"'"'"' shellQuoteWords "$@"'"'"' _; }; getProcessData() { systick=$(getconf CLK_TCK); for c in /proc/*/cmdline; do d=${c%/*}; pid=${d##*/}; name=$(awk '"'"'/^Name:/ { print }'"'"' <"$d"/status); uid=$(awk '"'"'/^Uid:/ { print }'"'"' <"$d"/status); pwent=$(getent passwd "$uid"); user=${pwent%%:*}; cmdline=$(shellQuoteNullSeparatedStream <"$c"); starttime=$(awk -v systick="$systick" '"'"'{print int( / systick)}'"'"' "$d"/stat); uptime=$(awk '"'"'{print int()}'"'"' /proc/uptime); elapsed=$((uptime-starttime)); echo "$pid $user $elapsed $cmdline"; done; }; getProcessData'
sh -c "$getProcessDataDef" # or docker exec <container> sh -c "$getProcessDataDef"
一个有效的单线（在 Quoting/Escaping 之前）
shellQuoteWordsDef='shellQuoteWords() { sq="'"'"'"; dq='"'"'"'"'"'; for arg; do printf "'"'"'%s'"'"' " "$(printf '"'"'%s\n'"'"' "$arg" | sed -e "s@${sq}@${sq}${dq}${sq}${dq}${sq}@g")"; done; printf '"'"'\n'"'"'; }'; shellQuoteNullSeparatedStream() { xargs -0 sh -c "${shellQuoteWordsDef};"' shellQuoteWords "$@"' _; }; getProcessData() { systick=$(getconf CLK_TCK); for c in /proc/*/cmdline; do d=${c%/*}; pid=${d##*/}; name=$(awk '/^Name:/ { print }' <"$d"/status); uid=$(awk '/^Uid:/ { print }' <"$d"/status); pwent=$(getent passwd "$uid"); user=${pwent%%:*}; cmdline=$(shellQuoteNullSeparatedStream <"$c"); starttime=$(awk -v systick="$systick" '{print int( / systick)}' "$d"/stat); uptime=$(awk '{print int()}' /proc/uptime); elapsed=$((uptime-starttime)); echo "$pid $user $elapsed $cmdline"; done; }; getProcessData "$@"
那条线里有什么
shellQuoteWordsDef='shellQuoteWords() { sq="'"'"'"; dq='"'"'"'"'"'; for arg; do printf "'"'"'%s'"'"' " "$(printf '"'"'%s\n'"'"' "$arg" | sed -e "s@${sq}@${sq}${dq}${sq}${dq}${sq}@g")"; done; printf '"'"'\n'"'"'; }'
shellQuoteNullSeparatedStream() {
xargs -0 sh -c "${shellQuoteWordsDef};"' shellQuoteWords "$@"' _
}
getProcessData() {
systick=$(getconf CLK_TCK)
for c in /proc/*/cmdline; do
d=${c%/*}; pid=${d##*/}
name=$(awk '/^Name:/ { print }' <"$d"/status)
uid=$(awk '/^Uid:/ { print }' <"$d"/status)
pwent=$(getent passwd "$uid")
user=${pwent%%:*}
cmdline=$(shellQuoteNullSeparatedStream <"$c")
starttime=$(awk -v systick="$systick" '{print int( / systick)}' "$d"/stat)
uptime=$(awk '{print int()}' /proc/uptime)
elapsed=$((uptime-starttime))
echo "$pid $user $elapsed $cmdline"
done
}
Shell-单行程序使用的引用助手中的内容
为了便于阅读和编辑，上面字符串化的函数如下所示：
# This is the function we're including in our code passed to xargs in-band above:
shellQuoteWords() {
sq="'"; dq='"'
for arg; do
printf "'%s' " "$(printf '%s\n' "$arg" | sed -e "s@${sq}@${sq}${dq}${sq}${dq}${sq}@g")"
done
printf '\n'
}
第 2 部分：如何创建答案
Python 有一个优秀的 shlex.quote() 函数（或 Python 2 中的 pipes.quote()），可用于生成 shell-quoted 版本一个字符串。在这种情况下，可以按如下方式使用：
Python 3.7.6 (default, Feb 27 2020, 15:15:00)
[Clang 7.1.0 (tags/RELEASE_710/final)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> s = r'''
... shellQuoteWords() {
... sq="'"; dq='"'
... for arg; do
... printf "'%s' " "$(printf '%s\n' "$arg" | sed -e "s@${sq}@${sq}${dq}${sq}${dq}${sq}@g")"
... done
... printf '\n'
... }
... '''
>>> import shlex
>>> print(shlex.quote(s))
'
shellQuoteWords() {
sq="'"'"'"; dq='"'"'"'"'"'
for arg; do
printf "'"'"'%s'"'"' " "$(printf '"'"'%s\n'"'"' "$arg" | sed -e "s@${sq}@${sq}${dq}${sq}${dq}${sq}@g")"
done
printf '"'"'\n'"'"'
}
'
该结果 本身 在 shell 中是一个完全有效的字符串。也就是说可以运行:
s='
shellQuoteWords() {
sq="'"'"'"; dq='"'"'"'"'"'
for arg; do
printf "'"'"'%s'"'"' " "$(printf '"'"'%s\n'"'"' "$arg" | sed -e "s@${sq}@${sq}${dq}${sq}${dq}${sq}@g")"
done
printf '"'"'\n'"'"'
}
'
eval "$s"
shellQuoteWords "hello world" 'hello world' "hello 'world'" 'hello "world"'
...并获得完全有效的输出。
遵循相同的过程生成一个字符串，该字符串的计算结果符合 getProcessData 的定义。
我有一个脚本可以在 linux 主机上的 sh 以及 alpine 容器中正常工作。但是当我尝试使用 docker exec <containerID> sh -c "<script>" 执行它时，它会出现异常。该脚本的功能是输出类似于 ps.
systick=$(getconf CLK_TCK); for c in /proc/*/cmdline; do d=$(dirname $c); name=$(grep Name: $d/status); pid=$(basename $d); uid=$(grep Uid: $d/status); uid=$(echo ${uid#Uid:} | xargs); uid=${uid%% *}; user=$(grep :$uid:[0-9] /etc/passwd); user=${user%%:*}; cmdline=$(cat $c|xargs -0 echo); starttime=$(($(awk '{print }' $d/stat) / systick)); uptime=$(awk '{print int()}' /proc/uptime); elapsed=$(($uptime-$starttime)); echo $pid $user $elapsed $cmdline; done
编辑：sh -c "<script>" 具有相同的行为。
您无法从 docker exec 运行 此脚本，因为变量将在发送到容器之前进行插值（即，您将从本地计算机获取值，而不是从容器内）。
为了 运行 它如您所愿，您需要在脚本中每次出现 $ 时将 $ 替换为 $。
可能更好的方法是将脚本放入文件中，然后使用 -v（即 -v script.sh:/path/to/script.sh）将文件映射到容器内的某个位置，然后通过以下方式调用脚本docker exec /path/to/script.sh
第 1 部分：有效答案
一种有效的单线（引用供 Docker 使用）
getProcessDataDef='shellQuoteWordsDef='"'"'shellQuoteWords() { sq="'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"; dq='"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'; for arg; do printf "'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'%s'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"' " "$(printf '"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'%s\n'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"' "$arg" | sed -e "s@${sq}@${sq}${dq}${sq}${dq}${sq}@g")"; done; printf '"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'\n'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'; }'"'"'; shellQuoteNullSeparatedStream() { xargs -0 sh -c "${shellQuoteWordsDef};"'"'"' shellQuoteWords "$@"'"'"' _; }; getProcessData() { systick=$(getconf CLK_TCK); for c in /proc/*/cmdline; do d=${c%/*}; pid=${d##*/}; name=$(awk '"'"'/^Name:/ { print }'"'"' <"$d"/status); uid=$(awk '"'"'/^Uid:/ { print }'"'"' <"$d"/status); pwent=$(getent passwd "$uid"); user=${pwent%%:*}; cmdline=$(shellQuoteNullSeparatedStream <"$c"); starttime=$(awk -v systick="$systick" '"'"'{print int( / systick)}'"'"' "$d"/stat); uptime=$(awk '"'"'{print int()}'"'"' /proc/uptime); elapsed=$((uptime-starttime)); echo "$pid $user $elapsed $cmdline"; done; }; getProcessData'
sh -c "$getProcessDataDef" # or docker exec <container> sh -c "$getProcessDataDef"
一个有效的单线（在 Quoting/Escaping 之前）
shellQuoteWordsDef='shellQuoteWords() { sq="'"'"'"; dq='"'"'"'"'"'; for arg; do printf "'"'"'%s'"'"' " "$(printf '"'"'%s\n'"'"' "$arg" | sed -e "s@${sq}@${sq}${dq}${sq}${dq}${sq}@g")"; done; printf '"'"'\n'"'"'; }'; shellQuoteNullSeparatedStream() { xargs -0 sh -c "${shellQuoteWordsDef};"' shellQuoteWords "$@"' _; }; getProcessData() { systick=$(getconf CLK_TCK); for c in /proc/*/cmdline; do d=${c%/*}; pid=${d##*/}; name=$(awk '/^Name:/ { print }' <"$d"/status); uid=$(awk '/^Uid:/ { print }' <"$d"/status); pwent=$(getent passwd "$uid"); user=${pwent%%:*}; cmdline=$(shellQuoteNullSeparatedStream <"$c"); starttime=$(awk -v systick="$systick" '{print int( / systick)}' "$d"/stat); uptime=$(awk '{print int()}' /proc/uptime); elapsed=$((uptime-starttime)); echo "$pid $user $elapsed $cmdline"; done; }; getProcessData "$@"
那条线里有什么
shellQuoteWordsDef='shellQuoteWords() { sq="'"'"'"; dq='"'"'"'"'"'; for arg; do printf "'"'"'%s'"'"' " "$(printf '"'"'%s\n'"'"' "$arg" | sed -e "s@${sq}@${sq}${dq}${sq}${dq}${sq}@g")"; done; printf '"'"'\n'"'"'; }'
shellQuoteNullSeparatedStream() {
xargs -0 sh -c "${shellQuoteWordsDef};"' shellQuoteWords "$@"' _
}
getProcessData() {
systick=$(getconf CLK_TCK)
for c in /proc/*/cmdline; do
d=${c%/*}; pid=${d##*/}
name=$(awk '/^Name:/ { print }' <"$d"/status)
uid=$(awk '/^Uid:/ { print }' <"$d"/status)
pwent=$(getent passwd "$uid")
user=${pwent%%:*}
cmdline=$(shellQuoteNullSeparatedStream <"$c")
starttime=$(awk -v systick="$systick" '{print int( / systick)}' "$d"/stat)
uptime=$(awk '{print int()}' /proc/uptime)
elapsed=$((uptime-starttime))
echo "$pid $user $elapsed $cmdline"
done
}
Shell-单行程序使用的引用助手中的内容
为了便于阅读和编辑，上面字符串化的函数如下所示：
# This is the function we're including in our code passed to xargs in-band above:
shellQuoteWords() {
sq="'"; dq='"'
for arg; do
printf "'%s' " "$(printf '%s\n' "$arg" | sed -e "s@${sq}@${sq}${dq}${sq}${dq}${sq}@g")"
done
printf '\n'
}
第 2 部分：如何创建答案
Python 有一个优秀的 shlex.quote() 函数（或 Python 2 中的 pipes.quote()），可用于生成 shell-quoted 版本一个字符串。在这种情况下，可以按如下方式使用：
Python 3.7.6 (default, Feb 27 2020, 15:15:00)
[Clang 7.1.0 (tags/RELEASE_710/final)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> s = r'''
... shellQuoteWords() {
... sq="'"; dq='"'
... for arg; do
... printf "'%s' " "$(printf '%s\n' "$arg" | sed -e "s@${sq}@${sq}${dq}${sq}${dq}${sq}@g")"
... done
... printf '\n'
... }
... '''
>>> import shlex
>>> print(shlex.quote(s))
'
shellQuoteWords() {
sq="'"'"'"; dq='"'"'"'"'"'
for arg; do
printf "'"'"'%s'"'"' " "$(printf '"'"'%s\n'"'"' "$arg" | sed -e "s@${sq}@${sq}${dq}${sq}${dq}${sq}@g")"
done
printf '"'"'\n'"'"'
}
'
该结果 本身 在 shell 中是一个完全有效的字符串。也就是说可以运行:
s='
shellQuoteWords() {
sq="'"'"'"; dq='"'"'"'"'"'
for arg; do
printf "'"'"'%s'"'"' " "$(printf '"'"'%s\n'"'"' "$arg" | sed -e "s@${sq}@${sq}${dq}${sq}${dq}${sq}@g")"
done
printf '"'"'\n'"'"'
}
'
eval "$s"
shellQuoteWords "hello world" 'hello world' "hello 'world'" 'hello "world"'
...并获得完全有效的输出。
遵循相同的过程生成一个字符串，该字符串的计算结果符合 getProcessData 的定义。