带有 @Mock 和 @InjectMock 的 Mockito 需要但未调用：实际上，与此模拟的交互为零

Question

我有一个 class 想要测试：

   public class DivisionCalculator {
    private final Validator validator;
    private final MathProvider mathProvider;
    private final ViewProvider viewProvider;

    public DivisionCalculator(Validator validator, MathProvider mathProvider, ViewProvider viewProvider) {
        this.validator = validator;
        this.mathProvider = mathProvider;
        this.viewProvider = viewProvider;
    }

    public String calculate(int dividend, int divisor) {
        validator.validate(dividend, divisor);

        List<DivisionStep> items = mathProvider.calculate(dividend, divisor);

        DivisionResult result = DivisionResult.builder()
                .dividend(dividend)
                .divisor(divisor)
                .finalResult(mathProvider.finalResult(items))
                .items(items)
                .build();

        return viewProvider.provideView(result);
    }
}

我有下一个测试 class 工作正常并使用 Mockito.mock(dependency.class)

通过了测试

    public class DivisionCalculatorTest {

    private ViewProvider viewProvider = Mockito.mock(ViewProvider.class);
    private MathProvider mathProvider = Mockito.mock(MathProvider.class);
    private Validator validator = Mockito.mock(Validator.class);

    private DivisionCalculator divisionCalculator = new DivisionCalculator(validator, mathProvider, viewProvider);

    DivisionResult makeDivision(int dividend, int divisor) {
        List<DivisionStep> items = mathProvider.calculate(dividend, divisor);
        return DivisionResult.builder()
                .dividend(dividend)
                .divisor(divisor)
                .finalResult(mathProvider.finalResult(items))
                .items(items)
                .build();
    }

    @Test
    void divisionCalculatorShouldSuccessfullyCallHisComponents() {

        divisionCalculator.calculate(4, 2);

        Mockito.verify(validator).validate(Mockito.anyInt(), Mockito.anyInt());
        Mockito.verify(mathProvider).calculate(Mockito.anyInt(),Mockito.anyInt());
        Mockito.verify(viewProvider).provideView(refEq(makeDivision(4, 2)));

    }
}

但是为了遵循使用模拟的最佳实践，我想用 替换我的 Mockito.mock(dependency.class) @Mock 和@InjectMock 注释

public class DivisionTest {
    @Mock
    private Validator validator = new Validator();
    @Mock
    private ViewProvider viewProvider = new ViewProvider();
    @Mock
    private MathProvider mathProvider = new MathProvider();

    @BeforeEach
    void setup() {
        MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    }
    @InjectMocks
    private DivisionCalculator divisionCalculator = new DivisionCalculator(validator, mathProvider, viewProvider);

    DivisionResult makeDivision(int dividend, int divisor) {
        List<DivisionStep> items = mathProvider.calculate(dividend, divisor);
        return DivisionResult.builder()
                .dividend(dividend)
                .divisor(divisor)
                .finalResult(mathProvider.finalResult(items))
                .items(items)
                .build();
    }

    @Test
    void divisionCalculatorShouldSuccessfullyCallHisComponents() {

        divisionCalculator.calculate(4, 2);

        Mockito.verify(validator).validate(4, 2);
        Mockito.verify(mathProvider).calculate(4, 2);
        Mockito.verify(viewProvider).provideView(refEq(makeDivision(4, 2)));
    }
}

执行以下步骤后我得到错误：需要但未调用：实际上，与此模拟的交互为零。我不明白我在这里遗漏了什么。

Answer 1

如果您有像 @Mock 和 @InjectMocks 这样的注释，您需要运行 Junit 5 中带有特殊扩展的 Junit 测试：

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class MyTest {
    @Mock
    private Validator validator;
     ...
}

另请注意，此扩展程序会为您创建模拟并将值注入带注释的数据字段。所以从技术上讲，像你在问题中展示的那样创建真实的对象是错误的：

public class DivisionTest {
    @Mock
    private Validator validator = new Validator();  // this is wrong, don't use "new"
    @Mock
    private ViewProvider viewProvider = new ViewProvider(); // this is wrong, don't use "new"
    @Mock
    private MathProvider mathProvider = new MathProvider(); // this is wrong, don't use "new"

您可以关注 this tutorial 以获得更深入的示例和解释。

为了完整起见，如果您使用的是 Junit 4，则可以使用：

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class DivisionTest {...}

带有 @Mock 和 @InjectMock 的 Mockito 需要但未调用：实际上，与此模拟的交互为零

Mockito with @Mock and @InjectMock Wanted but not invoked: Actually, there were zero interactions with this mock

java

mockito

junit5