WriteConsoleOutputA 的奇怪输出

Weird output with WriteConsoleOutputA

我正在尝试使用 WriteConsoleOutputA()std::vector<CHAR_INFO> 在 Win32 控制台中打印彩色图案;一切似乎都很好。但是,当我尝试使用二维向量 std::vector<std::vector<CHAR_INFO>> 时,WrtieConsoleOutputA() 会在输出中获取一些内存垃圾。我不知道我的代码中的错误在哪里。

这是我的代码:

#include <ctime>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <vector>

int main()
{
    srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
    const int width = 80, height = 25;
    COORD charBufferSize{ width, height };
    COORD characterPosition{ 0, 0 };
    SMALL_RECT writeArea{ 0, 0, width - 1, height - 1 };
    std::vector<std::vector<CHAR_INFO>> backBuffer(height, std::vector<CHAR_INFO>(width));

    for (auto& i : backBuffer)
    {
        for (auto& j : i)
        {
            j.Char.AsciiChar = (unsigned char)219;
            j.Attributes = rand() % 256;
        }
    }

    WriteConsoleOutputA(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), backBuffer[0].data(), charBufferSize, characterPosition, &writeArea);
}

问题是 nested std::vector 的内存分配布局,它与 Win32 API WriteConsoleOutput() 期望的不匹配。

std::vector 连续分配内存。但是,如果你有一个 std::vector 嵌套在 一个外部 std::vector,那么 整个 分配的内存是 不再连续!

如果你想要一个完整的连续内存块,你应该分配一个单个std::vector,总大小为width x height,并将其用作内存WriteConsoleOutput().

的缓冲区

我按照这条路径稍微修改了你的代码,现在它似乎可以工作了:

#include <ctime>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <vector>

int main()
{
    srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
    const int width = 80;
    const int height = 25;
    COORD charBufferSize{ width, height };
    COORD characterPosition{ 0, 0 };
    SMALL_RECT writeArea{ 0, 0, width - 1, height - 1 };

    //
    // NOTE:
    //
    // Wrong memory layout: vector<vector<...>> is *not* contiguous as a whole
    //
    //  std::vector<std::vector<CHAR_INFO>> backBuffer(height,
    //                                                 std::vector<CHAR_INFO>(width));
    //

    //
    // Correct memory layout: allocate a single *contiguous* block
    // of memory, to store a 2D array of width x height
    //
    std::vector<CHAR_INFO> backBuffer(width * height);

    //
    // Iterate through the backBuffer items
    // as if it were a 2D array of size width x height
    //
    for (size_t row = 0; row < height; ++row)
    {
        for (size_t col = 0; col < width; ++col)
        {
            CHAR_INFO& curr = backBuffer[row*width + col];

            // Your previous code
            curr.Char.AsciiChar = static_cast<unsigned char>(219);
            curr.Attributes = rand() % 256;
        }
    }

    WriteConsoleOutputA(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), 
                        backBuffer.data(), 
                        charBufferSize, 
                        characterPosition, 
                        &writeArea);
}