使用带委托的 Kerberos 时，GSS API 和 SSPI API 有什么区别？

Question

我在 Tomcat 服务器中有中间件运行 Java 代码。中间件使用 Kerberos (GSS API) 对用户进行身份验证。如果授权 header 中不存在 Kerberos 令牌，中间件 returns 401 并附加 WWW-Authenticate：协商响应 header 以初始化 SPNEGO 身份验证。

使用 GSSContext.acceptSecContext 检查传入的服务票据工作正常。

但是，我在授权案例中遇到了一些问题。

正如名称“中间件”所示，我的 java 服务必须使用原始用户主体使用 Kerberos 身份验证来调用后端服务。为此，我实施了 Kerberos Java GSS API 委托机制。此外，AD 配置正确，tomcat 作为具有特定服务帐户的服务运行。

为了测试此实现，我编写了一个 Java 测试客户端，利用 GSS API 获取中间件的票证。运行 Java 具有管理员权限的测试客户端或使用 kinit -f 客户端和中间件组合获得可转发的票证工作正常：客户端获得票证，中间件接受票证，GSSContext.getCredDelegState() returns true，使用 GSSContext.getDelegCred() 中间件获得委托凭据并且后端登录正常。

此外，我还使用浏览器和一个小型 C# 测试客户端测试了中间件的实现。两者都使用 SPNEGO。在这种情况下，授权也有效。我收到身份验证成功的消息，并且我获得了用户 Principal。使用浏览器或我的 C# 测试客户端，我在中间件中得到以下调试打印：

    Debug is  true storeKey true useTicketCache false useKeyTab true doNotPrompt false ticketCache is null isInitiator false KeyTab is D:/app/Tomcat_9019_SSO/conf/tomcat.keytab refreshKrb5Config is true principal is HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET tryFirstPass is false useFirstPass is false storePass is false clearPass is false
Refreshing Kerberos configuration
Java config name: C:\Windows\kerb5.ini
Loading krb5 profile at C:\Windows\kerb5.ini
Loaded from Java config
>>> KdcAccessibility: reset
principal is HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Will use keytab
Commit Succeeded

2020-03-18 06:36:50.254  INFO .e.s.a.t.a.KerberosCheckAuthTicketAction [TC~3~c80e3d5b-3] : Starting check of incoming Kerberos service ticket.
Search Subject for SPNEGO ACCEPT cred (<<DEF>>, sun.security.jgss.spnego.SpNegoCredElement)
Search Subject for Kerberos V5 ACCEPT cred (<<DEF>>, sun.security.jgss.krb5.Krb5AcceptCredential)
Found KeyTab D:\app\Tomcat_9019_SSO\conf\tomcat.keytab for HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Found KeyTab D:\app\Tomcat_9019_SSO\conf\tomcat.keytab for HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Search Subject for Kerberos V5 ACCEPT cred (<<DEF>>, sun.security.jgss.krb5.Krb5AcceptCredential)
Found KeyTab D:\app\Tomcat_9019_SSO\conf\tomcat.keytab for HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Found KeyTab D:\app\Tomcat_9019_SSO\conf\tomcat.keytab for HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Entered Krb5Context.acceptSecContext with state=STATE_NEW
Looking for keys for: HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Added key: 23version: 0
>>> EType: sun.security.krb5.internal.crypto.ArcFourHmacEType
Using builtin default etypes for permitted_enctypes
default etypes for permitted_enctypes: 18 17 20 19 16 23.
>>> EType: sun.security.krb5.internal.crypto.ArcFourHmacEType
MemoryCache: add 1584509810/000627/5EBDF35F49476E365F32DE53C3CAFA81C4730A13D881ECA15E9F43023F99A80B/CLIENTUSERD@MYDOMAIN.NET to CLIENTUSERD@MYDOMAIN.NET|HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
>>> KrbApReq: authenticate succeed.
Krb5Context setting peerSeqNumber to: 947381056
>>> EType: sun.security.krb5.internal.crypto.ArcFourHmacEType
Krb5Context setting mySeqNumber to: 214468704
>>> Constrained deleg from GSSCaller{UNKNOWN}
Debug is  true storeKey true useTicketCache false useKeyTab true doNotPrompt false ticketCache is null isInitiator true KeyTab is D:/app/Tomcat_9019_SSO/conf/tomcat.keytab refreshKrb5Config is false principal is HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET tryFirstPass is false useFirstPass is false storePass is false clearPass is false
Looking for keys for: HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Added key: 23version: 0
Looking for keys for: HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Added key: 23version: 0
default etypes for default_tkt_enctypes: 23 18 17.
>>> KrbAsReq creating message
>>> KrbKdcReq send: kdc=kb01.mydomain.net UDP:88, timeout=30000, number of retries =3, #bytes=174
>>> KDCCommunication: kdc=kb01.mydomain.net UDP:88, timeout=30000,Attempt =1, #bytes=174
>>> KrbKdcReq send: #bytes read=175
>>>Pre-Authentication Data:
         PA-DATA type = 11
         PA-ETYPE-INFO etype = 23, salt =

>>>Pre-Authentication Data:
         PA-DATA type = 19
         PA-ETYPE-INFO2 etype = 23, salt = null, s2kparams = null

>>>Pre-Authentication Data:
         PA-DATA type = 2
         PA-ENC-TIMESTAMP
>>>Pre-Authentication Data:
         PA-DATA type = 16

>>>Pre-Authentication Data:
         PA-DATA type = 15

>>> KdcAccessibility: remove kb01.mydomain.net
>>> KDCRep: init() encoding tag is 126 req type is 11
>>>KRBError:
         sTime is Wed Mar 18 06:36:50 CET 2020 1584509810000
         suSec is 765149
         error code is 25
         error Message is Additional pre-authentication required
         sname is krbtgt/MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
         eData provided.
         msgType is 30
>>>Pre-Authentication Data:
         PA-DATA type = 11
         PA-ETYPE-INFO etype = 23, salt =

>>>Pre-Authentication Data:
         PA-DATA type = 19
         PA-ETYPE-INFO2 etype = 23, salt = null, s2kparams = null

>>>Pre-Authentication Data:
         PA-DATA type = 2
         PA-ENC-TIMESTAMP
>>>Pre-Authentication Data:
         PA-DATA type = 16

>>>Pre-Authentication Data:
         PA-DATA type = 15

KrbAsReqBuilder: PREAUTH FAILED/REQ, re-send AS-REQ
default etypes for default_tkt_enctypes: 23 18 17.
Looking for keys for: HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Added key: 23version: 0
Looking for keys for: HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Added key: 23version: 0
default etypes for default_tkt_enctypes: 23 18 17.
>>> EType: sun.security.krb5.internal.crypto.ArcFourHmacEType
>>> KrbAsReq creating message
>>> KrbKdcReq send: kdc=kb01.mydomain.net UDP:88, timeout=30000, number of retries =3, #bytes=253
>>> KDCCommunication: kdc=kb01.mydomain.net UDP:88, timeout=30000,Attempt =1, #bytes=253
>>> KrbKdcReq send: #bytes read=90
>>> KrbKdcReq send: kdc=kb01.mydomain.net TCP:88, timeout=30000, number of retries =3, #bytes=253
>>> KDCCommunication: kdc=kb01.mydomain.net TCP:88, timeout=30000,Attempt =1, #bytes=253
>>>DEBUG: TCPClient reading 2154 bytes
>>> KrbKdcReq send: #bytes read=2154
>>> KdcAccessibility: remove kb01.mydomain.net
Looking for keys for: HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Added key: 23version: 0
>>> EType: sun.security.krb5.internal.crypto.ArcFourHmacEType
                [Krb5LoginModule] authentication failed
Message stream modified (41)

使用 Java 客户端，我在中间件中得到这个调试打印：

Debug is  true storeKey true useTicketCache false useKeyTab true doNotPrompt false ticketCache is null isInitiator false KeyTab is D:/app/Tomcat_9019_SSO/conf/tomcat.keytab refreshKrb5Config is true principal is HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET tryFirstPass is false useFirstPass is false storePass is false clearPass is false
Refreshing Kerberos configuration
Java config name: C:\Windows\kerb5.ini
Loading krb5 profile at C:\Windows\kerb5.ini
Loaded from Java config
>>> KdcAccessibility: reset
principal is HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Will use keytab
Commit Succeeded

2020-03-18 06:47:41.029  INFO .e.s.a.t.a.KerberosCheckAuthTicketAction [TC~9~c80e3d5b-9] : Starting check of incoming Kerberos service ticket.
Search Subject for SPNEGO ACCEPT cred (<<DEF>>, sun.security.jgss.spnego.SpNegoCredElement)
Search Subject for Kerberos V5 ACCEPT cred (<<DEF>>, sun.security.jgss.krb5.Krb5AcceptCredential)
Found KeyTab D:\app\Tomcat_9019_SSO\conf\tomcat.keytab for HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Found KeyTab D:\app\Tomcat_9019_SSO\conf\tomcat.keytab for HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Search Subject for Kerberos V5 ACCEPT cred (<<DEF>>, sun.security.jgss.krb5.Krb5AcceptCredential)
Found KeyTab D:\app\Tomcat_9019_SSO\conf\tomcat.keytab for HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Found KeyTab D:\app\Tomcat_9019_SSO\conf\tomcat.keytab for HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Entered Krb5Context.acceptSecContext with state=STATE_NEW
Looking for keys for: HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
Added key: 23version: 0
>>> EType: sun.security.krb5.internal.crypto.ArcFourHmacEType
Using builtin default etypes for permitted_enctypes
default etypes for permitted_enctypes: 18 17 20 19 16 23.
>>> EType: sun.security.krb5.internal.crypto.ArcFourHmacEType
MemoryCache: add 1584510459/567826/FDE0027391B8BF26BF807FF04E5FD5F7CE38794A3264EB298BB36F736B2CF050/CLIENTUSERD@MYDOMAIN.NET to CLIENTUSERD@MYDOMAIN.NET|HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET
>>> KrbApReq: authenticate succeed.
>>> EType: sun.security.krb5.internal.crypto.ArcFourHmacEType
>>>Delegated Creds have pname=CLIENTUSERD@MYDOMAIN.NET sname=krbtgt/MYDOMAIN.NET@MYDOMAIN.NET authtime=20200318054735Z starttime=20200318054739Z endtime=20200318154735ZrenewTill=null
Krb5Context setting peerSeqNumber to: 99984043
>>> EType: sun.security.krb5.internal.crypto.ArcFourHmacEType
Krb5Context setting mySeqNumber to: 161819208

但是，这里的主要问题是，在 Java 客户端的情况下，委托有效，而在浏览器和 C# 客户端的情况下，委托不起作用。请注意，浏览器已配置为将要委派的域列入白名单。

附加信息： 我配置了约束委派。 Tomcat 与中间件是运行在 Windows 2016 服务器作为具有 AD 服务帐户的服务。

我比较了发送到中间件的服务票：

Java（可转发），委托工作： 10980 字节

C#（委托不起作用）： 8572 字节

浏览器（委托不起作用）： 8572 字节

为了比较，我使用了不带 -f 选项的 kinit 来获取不可转发的 tgt 并测量了大小：

Java（不可转发，委托不起作用）： 8174 字节

顺便说一句，这会产生同样的错误。

Answer 1

AD中的中间件服务账号是如何配置委托的？不受约束还是受约束？

尝试获取 java 和 C# 客户端发送的票证副本并比较票证大小。它们应该大致相同，但是如果一个明显更大，那么更大的包含一个委托的 TGT。

根据日志，Java 客户端似乎正在发送不受约束的票证（委托的 TGT，又名转发）并且正在使用它。

我们看不到 C# 票证包含的内容，但中间件在收到后立即尝试联系 KDC，这似乎表明它可能试图将其交换为委托票证，但失败了，因为中间件不能'不要先拿到自己的票。这是一个有点疯狂的猜测，因为日志没有以某种方式表明它启动 AS-REQ 的原因。

您可能会考虑获取 中间件和 KDC 之间的网络跟踪，以查看它在 C# 案例中发送的内容。

Answer 2

这是我自己问题的答案。

我意识到我工作的域有 3 个域控制器：在我的中间件中，krb5.ini 配置了第一个：

[realms]
    MYDOMAIN.NET = {
            kdc = d01.mydomain.net
            admin_server = d01.mydomain.net
            default_domain = MYDOMAIN.NET
    }

我的 Java 测试客户端有以下代码行

System.setProperty("java.security.krb5.kdc", d01.mydomain.net);

但是，我的客户端计算机使用了 d02.mydomain.net 我在使用“klist”命令时看到的内容。

#2>     Client: CLIENTUSERD @ MYDOMAIN.NET
        Server: HTTP/SERVICE.MYDOMAIN.NET @ MYDOMAIN.NET
        KerbTicket Encryption Type: RSADSI RC4-HMAC(NT)
        Ticket Flags 0x40a00000 -> forwardable renewable pre_authent
        Start Time: 3/24/2020 5:33:39 (local)
        End Time:   3/24/2020 15:33:39 (local)
        Renew Time: 3/31/2020 5:33:39 (local)
        Session Key Type: RSADSI RC4-HMAC(NT)
        Cache Flags: 0
        Kdc Called: d02.mydomain.net

出于某些原因——我现在还不清楚——如果错误的域控制器必须协同工作，则委派不起作用。如果我在中间件中将域控制器更改为 d03.mydomain.net，委托工作正常。但是，门票接受在任何组合中都可以正常工作。可能是域控制器的时间不同步。

使用带委托的 Kerberos 时，GSS API 和 SSPI API 有什么区别？

What is the difference between GSS API and SSPI API when using Kerberos with delegation?

c#

java

kerberos

sspi

gss