如何在python中正确使用断言？

Question

我有一个 python 程序需要在执行前断言很多嵌套条件。

Python 有办法用 assert 语句断言，

语法：assert condition, error_message(optional)

但是，我需要断言多个嵌套条件，并且可能在断言中执行多个语句。

在 python 中使用断言的正确方法是什么？

我的想法是：只有当b > a为true时才检查c，只有当a > c都为真时才检查a > c。在断言后执行多个语句，如：- 记录信息并打印信息等。

伪代码：

if c != null then
  if b > a then
    if a > c then
     print 'yippee!'
    else
     throw exception('a > c error')
  else
    throw exception('b > a error')
else
  throw exception('c is null')

Answer 1

你的意思是这样的吗？

a = 1
b = 2
c = 3

assert b > a and c > b and a > c, 'Error: a is not greater than c'

输出：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 6, in <module>
    assert b > a and c > b and a > c, 'Error: a is not greater than c'
AssertionError: Error: a is not greater than c

something like this:- check c only when b > a is true and check a > c only both are true. And after assertion executes multiple statements like:- log the info and print the info etc..

您可以一个接一个地使用多个 assert 语句，就像您将在彼此下编写多个 if 语句一样，除了您必须考虑到您的 assert 可以引发一个异常，您需要处理。这样你就可以简单地控制执行流程，并且print/log任何你需要的......例如像这样的东西：

def make_comperations(a, b, c = None): # note c is optional
  assert c is not None,  'Error: c is None'
  assert b > a, 'Error: a is not greater than b'
  assert c > a, 'Error: c is not greater than a'


try:
  make_comperations(1, 2, 3) # ok
  make_comperations(1, 2) # error
  make_comperations(1, 2, 0) # error, but won't be executed since the line above will throw an exception
  print("All good!")
except AssertionError as err:
  if str(err) == 'Error: c is None':
    print("Log: c is not given!")
  if str(err) == 'Error: a is not greater than b':
    print("Log: b > a error!")
  elif str(err) == 'Error: c is not greater than a':
    print("Log: c > a error!")

输出：

Log: c is not given!

如何在python中正确使用断言？

How to properly use assertion in python?

python

assert