为什么 XQuery 中的数字文字永远不能是 xs:positiveInteger 类型?

Why can a numeric literal never be of type xs:positiveInteger in XQuery?

我注意到 XQuery 实现处理(子)类型的方式存在细微差别。特别是,处理文字数字作为声明了可接受输入类型的函数的输入。 我天真地认为任何可转换为该特定数字类型的数字文字都会被接受。

declare function local:any ($n as xs:anyAtomic) { $n };
declare function local:decimal ($n as xs:decimal) { $n };
declare function local:integer ($n as xs:integer) { $n };
declare function local:pos-int ($n as xs:positiveInteger) { $n };

local:any(1), (: works :)
local:decimal(1), (: works :)
local:integer(1), (: works :)
local:pos-int(1)  (: throws in all tested implementations :)

exist-db 允许 xs:long,xs:int, ... Saxon 不允许。

我在 Xquery 规范中找不到该行为的任何原因 2.5.5 SequenceType Matching 也不是 Xpath 函数规范 1.6.3 Atomic Type Hierarchy

这里有人能解释一下为什么 Saxon 9.3.1 HE、BaseX 9.3.1 [Standalone] 和 eXist 5.3.0-SNAPSHOT 会这样吗?

我是不是错过了规范中定义将文字 1 强制转换为 xs:integer 的部分? xs:decimal 作为最顶层的类型会更有意义,但如果允许一种子类型,为什么不一直使用呢?

here is a live demo

您可以将数字文字 1 传递给 MarkLogic 中的 local:pos-int() 函数:

declare function local:any($n as xs:anyAtomicType ) { $n };
declare function local:decimal($n as xs:decimal) { $n };
declare function local:integer($n as xs:integer) { $n };
declare function local:pos-int($n as xs:positiveInteger) { $n };

local:any(1), (: works :)
local:decimal(1), (: works :)
local:integer(1), (: works :)
local:pos-int(1)  (: works fine in MarkLogic :)

并且你可以使用xdmp:type()来报告返回的值是类型positiveInteger

xquery version "1.0-ml";
declare function local:pos-int($n as xs:positiveInteger) { $n };
xdmp:type(local:pos-int(1))

https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-31/#promotion 指定允许的促销类型:

Numeric type promotion:

A value of type xs:float (or any type derived by restriction from xs:float) can be promoted to the type xs:double. The result is the xs:double value that is the same as the original value.

A value of type xs:decimal (or any type derived by restriction from xs:decimal) can be promoted to either of the types xs:float or xs:double. The result of this promotion is created by casting the original value to the required type. This kind of promotion may cause loss of precision.

对于其他类型,您必须显式使用构造函数,例如local:int(xs:int(1)).

我认为这方面的规范非常不幸,但很明显:一个值只有在被标记为 xs:positiveInteger 时才是 xs:positiveInteger,而不仅仅是因为它是 (a) 整数和 ( b) 阳性。 XQuery 工作组对此进行了长时间的讨论,其中包括编程语言类型系统方面的一些著名专家(如 Phil Wadler),这就是做出的决定。我自己也不喜欢。

规范在哪里说的? XDM 规范中的定义是一个好的开始:

https://www.w3.org/TR/xpath-datamodel-31/#xs-types

[Definition: An atomic value is a value in the value space of an atomic type and is labeled with the name of that atomic type.]

[Definition: An atomic type is a primitive simple type or a type derived by restriction from another atomic type.] (Types derived by list or union are not atomic.)

[Definition: The primitive simple types are the types defined in 2.1.1 Types adopted from XML Schema.]

然后 XQuery 规范中的 §3.1.1 讨论了数字文字:

The value of a numeric literal containing no "." and no e or E character is an atomic value of type xs:integer.

§3.18.1 给出了 "instance of" 运算符的规则:

The boolean operator instance of returns true if the value of its first operand matches the SequenceType in its second operand, according to the rules for SequenceType matching;

和§2.5.5.2给出了SequenceType匹配的相关规则:

An ItemType consisting simply of an EQName is interpreted as an AtomicOrUnionType. The expected type AtomicOrUnionType matches an atomic value whose actual type is AT if derives-from( AT, AtomicOrUnionType ) is true.

综合起来,效果就是表达式3 instance of xs:positiveInteger returns false(因为xs:integer不是从xs:positiveinteger推导出来的)。

最后,当函数参数的预期类型为 xs:positiveInteger 且函数调用提供值 3 时,§3.1.5.2 中的函数转换规则开始发挥作用。这些允许从提供的值到所需类型的各种转换,但是 "down-casting" 从 xs:integer 到 xs:positiveInteger 不是其中之一。所以这是一个错误:

If, after the above conversions, the resulting value does not match the expected type according to the rules for SequenceType Matching, a type error is raised [err:XPTY0004].

正如我所说,我不喜欢这些规则,并曾多次尝试改变它们。但是它们很明确,任何不遵循它们的产品都是不合格的。