如何在STM32CubeIDE的控制台显示一个变量（这里是温度）？

How to display a variable (here the temperature) in the console of STM32CubeIDE?

我是 SMT32 产品的初学者。我尝试重现这个教程，它提出了如何与 HTS221 传感器连接以获取温度值并将它们显示在终端上：

tutoriel

我严格按照教程进行，项目构建没问题，但是当我运行在STM32L475VGT6板上调试模式下的代码时，我打开控制台->命令shell控制台- > 此控制台中没有显示任何内容（不显示温度）。

而且当我在"Expressions"中设置一个变量时，显示的值是"Error : Target not available"...

你能帮我解决这些问题吗？

我的main.c代码：

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2020 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
  *
  * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
  * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
  * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
  *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */

/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "stm32l475e_iot01.h"
#include "stm32l475e_iot01_tsensor.h"
#include <math.h>

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
float temp_value = 0; // Measured temperature value
char str_tmp[100] = ""; // Formatted message to display the temperature value
uint8_t msg1[] = "****** Temperature values measurement ******\n\n\r";
uint8_t msg2[] = "=====> Initialize Temperature sensor HTS221 \r\n";
uint8_t msg3[] = "=====> Temperature sensor HTS221 initialized \r\n ";

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_USART1_UART_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,msg1,sizeof(msg1),1000);
  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,msg2,sizeof(msg2),1000);
  BSP_TSENSOR_Init();
  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,msg3,sizeof(msg3),1000);

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
      temp_value = BSP_TSENSOR_ReadTemp();
      int tmpInt1 = temp_value;
      float tmpFrac = temp_value - tmpInt1;
      int tmpInt2 = trunc(tmpFrac * 100);
      snprintf(str_tmp,100," TEMPERATURE = %d.%02d\n\r", tmpInt1, tmpInt2);
      HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,( uint8_t * )str_tmp,sizeof(str_tmp),1000);
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = 0;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_6;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_MSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART1;
  PeriphClkInit.Usart1ClockSelection = RCC_USART1CLKSOURCE_PCLK2;
  if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage 
  */
  if (HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/**
  * @brief USART1 Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */
  huart1.Instance = USART1;
  huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
  huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
  huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
  huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
  huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
  huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
  huart1.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;
  huart1.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 */

  /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */

}

/**
  * @brief GPIO Initialization Function
  * @param None
  * @retval None
  */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();

}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */

  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{ 
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/

谢谢你，

此致，

莱昂内尔

这可能有很多原因。 首先，检查您是否实际连接到目标并调试目标。

我会给你一些一般的调试技巧。

  1. 确保您可以连接到目标并单步执行代码 确保你的 wiring/electronic 是正确的。
  2. 将这些东西连接到适当的针脚上，所有东西都按照指定的方式通电 数据表。
  3. 断点，在你的 while 循环中，例如

int tmpInt1 = temp_value;

在该行中并确保您获得的值是合理的。

否则，返回第 2 步调试您的电子设备 并再次检查您的代码。

如果您想筛选变量，请使用 USART 协议和 TeraTerm 程序在屏幕上打印值。它被称为 printf 样式调试。检查CubeMX和Teraterm设置中USART的比特率，它们必须相同。

首先感谢您的回答。

我终于找到了解决问题的方法。 STM32Cube MX代码生成工具好像有bug

的确，虽然我在"Pinout & Configuration"面板里严格设置管脚并激活了USART1，但在MX_GPIO_Init[=21中并没有生成下面这段代码=] 函数：

GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};



  /*Configure GPIO pins : PB6 PB7 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_6|GPIO_PIN_7;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART1;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

所以我必须copy/paste在我的代码中手动copy/paste这段代码(main.c)。因此，全球工作代码如下：

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
  /**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * <h2><center>&copy; Copyright (c) 2020 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.</center></h2>
   *
   * This software component is licensed by ST under BSD 3-Clause license,
   * the "License"; You may not use this file except in compliance with the
   * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
        *                        opensource.org/licenses/BSD-3-Clause
   *
   ******************************************************************************
   */
   /* USER CODE END Header */

   /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
   #include "main.h"
   #include "stm32l475e_iot01.h"
   #include "stm32l475e_iot01_tsensor.h"
   #include <math.h>
   #include <stdio.h>

  /* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */

  /* USER CODE END Includes */

  /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
  /* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

  /* USER CODE END PTD */

  /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
  /* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
  /* USER CODE END PD */

  /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
  /* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

  /* USER CODE END PM */

  /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
  UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
  float temp_value = 0; // Measured temperature value
  char str_tmp[100] = ""; // Formatted message to display the temperature value
  uint8_t msg1[] = "****** Temperature values measurement ******\n\n\r";
  uint8_t msg2[] = "=====> Initialize Temperature sensor HTS221 \r\n";
  uint8_t msg3[] = "=====> Temperature sensor HTS221 initialized \r\n ";

   /* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

   /* USER CODE END PV */

   /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
  void SystemClock_Config(void);
  static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
   static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

    /* USER CODE END PFP */

  /* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
  int _write(int file, char *ptr, int len)
  {
      HAL_UART_Transmit( &huart1, (uint8_t*)ptr, len, HAL_MAX_DELAY );
      return len;
  }

  /* USER CODE END 0 */

 /**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
  int main(void)
  {
   /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

   /* USER CODE END 1 */

   /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

   /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
   HAL_Init();

   /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

   /* USER CODE END Init */

   /* Configure the system clock */
   SystemClock_Config();

   /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

   /* USER CODE END SysInit */

   /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
   MX_GPIO_Init();
   MX_USART1_UART_Init();
   /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */

   HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,msg1,strlen(msg1),1000);
   HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,msg2,strlen(msg2),1000);
   BSP_TSENSOR_Init();
   HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,msg3,strlen(msg3),1000);
   printf( "Hello world!\r\n" );

    /* USER CODE END 2 */

   /* Infinite loop */
   /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
   while (1)
  {
  /* USER CODE END WHILE */

  /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  temp_value = BSP_TSENSOR_ReadTemp();
  /* int tmpInt1 = temp_value;
  float tmpFrac = temp_value - tmpInt1;
  int tmpInt2 = trunc(tmpFrac * 100);
  snprintf(str_tmp,100," TEMPERATURE = %d.%02d\n\r", tmpInt1, tmpInt2);*/
  snprintf(str_tmp,100," TEMPERATURE = %0.4f\n\r", temp_value);
  HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1,( uint8_t * )str_tmp,strlen(str_tmp),1000);
   }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
  }

  /**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
  void SystemClock_Config(void)
  {
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit = {0};

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_MSI;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIState = RCC_MSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSICalibrationValue = 0;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.MSIClockRange = RCC_MSIRANGE_6;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
  Error_Handler();
   }
  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks 
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                          |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_MSI;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
   {
  Error_Handler();
  }
  PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_USART1;
  PeriphClkInit.Usart1ClockSelection = RCC_USART1CLKSOURCE_PCLK2;
  if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
  {
   Error_Handler();
  }
   /** Configure the main internal regulator output voltage 
  */
 if (HAL_PWREx_ControlVoltageScaling(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1) != HAL_OK)
  {
 Error_Handler();
  }
 }

  /**
 * @brief USART1 Initialization Function
 * @param None
  * @retval None
 */
 static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
  {

 /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 0 */

 /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 0 */

 /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 1 */

 /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 1 */
 huart1.Instance = USART1;
 huart1.Init.BaudRate = 115200;
  huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
 huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
 huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
 huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
 huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
 huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
 huart1.Init.OneBitSampling = UART_ONE_BIT_SAMPLE_DISABLE;
 huart1.AdvancedInit.AdvFeatureInit = UART_ADVFEATURE_NO_INIT;
  if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
 {
 Error_Handler();
 }
 /* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_Init 2 */

 /* USER CODE END USART1_Init 2 */

  }

/**
* @brief GPIO Initialization Function
* @param None
* @retval None
 */
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{

GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct = {0};

  /* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
  __HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();

  /*Configure GPIO pins : PB6 PB7 */
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_6|GPIO_PIN_7;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_VERY_HIGH;
  GPIO_InitStruct.Alternate = GPIO_AF7_USART1;
  HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);

  }

 /* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

 /* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
 * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
 * @retval None
 */
void Error_Handler(void)
 {
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */

/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

 #ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
 /**
* @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
*         where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param  file: pointer to the source file name
 * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{ 
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
  tex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
 }
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

 /************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/