EntityFramework 从哪里获取本地数据库的连接字符串?

Where does EntityFramework get the connection string to my local database?

我创建了一个 Web 表单,它是一个使用 Identity 的注册表单。表单调用背后的代码如下所示:

protected void CreateUser_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    var userStore = new UserStore<IdentityUser>();
    var manager = new UserManager<IdentityUser>(userStore);

    var user = new IdentityUser() { UserName = UserName.Text };
    IdentityResult result = manager.Create(user, Password.Text);

    if (result.Succeeded)
    {
        StatusMessage.Text = string.Format("User {0} was created successfully!", user.UserName);
    }
    else
    {
        StatusMessage.Text = result.Errors.FirstOrDefault();
    }
}

我的网络配置文件是这样的:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
    <configSections>
        <section
         name="entityFramework"
         type="System.Data.Entity.Internal.ConfigFile.EntityFrameworkSection, EntityFramework, Version=6.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089"
         requirePermission="false" />
    </configSections>
    <system.web>
        <authentication mode="Forms" /> 
        <roleManager enabled="true" />
        <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.5" /> 
        <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.5" />
    </system.web>
    <runtime>
        <assemblyBinding xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1">
            <dependentAssembly>
                <assemblyIdentity name="Microsoft.Owin" publicKeyToken="31bf3856ad364e35" culture="neutral" />
                <bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-3.0.1.0" newVersion="3.0.1.0" />
            </dependentAssembly>
        </assemblyBinding>
    </runtime>
</configuration>

我的机器上也安装了 MS SQL Express。当我使用表单时,应用程序会在 SQLExpress 中创建一个名为 DefaultConnection 的数据库。

我的问题是 entity/identity/.net 是怎么知道我的数据库的,因为我没有在任何地方显式地写连接字符串?

如果这是 'convention over configuration' 的某种特性,那么我如何才能明确地将实体定向到不同的数据库?

编辑:

我试过添加

<add name="MyConnection"
  connectionString="[the connection string];TrustServerCertificate=False"
  providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />`

到连接字符串并更新了我的创建用户代码:

...
var connString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["MyConnection"].ConnectionString;
var context = new System.Data.Entity.DbContext(connString);

var userStore = new UserStore<IdentityUser>(context);
var manager = new UserManager<IdentityUser>(userStore);
...

但这引发了 InvalidOperationException 并显示以下消息:

Additional information: The entity type IdentityUser is not part of the model for the current context.

最后编辑:

发现了如何避免异常,改变了这个:

var context = new System.Data.Entity.DbContext(connString);

进入这个:

var context = new Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework.IdentityDbContext(connString);

按照惯例,本地数据库将在您的本地 SQL 服务器实例上创建。

参见:Code First to a New Database - MSDN

By convention DbContext has created a database for you.

  • If a local SQL Express instance is available (installed by default with Visual Studio 2010) then Code First has created the database on that instance
  • If SQL Express isn’t available then Code First will try and use LocalDb (installed by default with Visual Studio 2012)
  • The database is named after the fully qualified name of the derived context

您可以通过在 web.config 中指定显式连接字符串来克服它,例如:

<configuration>
  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="MyDBContext"
         connectionString="Data Source=SQLServerAddress;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=yourdbName"
         providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
  </connectionStrings>
</configuration>

这里记得把名字改成扩展DbContext的class

例如,如果您将 DbContext 扩展为:

public class MyDBContext : DbContext

然后使用 MyDBContext 作为配置中连接字符串的键。

当然你也可以在构造函数中传递连接字符串:

namespace MyCodeFirstProject 
{     
    public class MyDBContext: DbContext     
    {         
        public MyDBContext() : 
            base("Data Source=SQLServerAddress;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=yourdbName") {}
    }
}