akka:组合来自多个 children 的消息的模式

akka: pattern for combining messages from multiple children

这是我遇到的模式:

一个演员 A 有多个 children C1, ..., Cn。收到消息后,A 将其发送给它的每个 children,每个 children 都对消息进行一些计算,并在完成后将其发送回 AA 然后想合并所有 children 的结果以传递给另一个演员。

这个问题的解决方案是什么样的?或者这是 anti-pattern?在什么情况下应该如何处理这个问题?

这是一个简单的例子,希望能说明我当前的解决方案。我担心的是重复代码(直到对称);不能很好地扩展到 children 的 'lots';并且很难看清发生了什么。

import akka.actor.{Props, Actor}

case class Tagged[T](value: T, id: Int)

class A extends Actor {
  import C1._
  import C2._

  val c1 = context.actorOf(Props[C1], "C1")
  val c2 = context.actorOf(Props[C2], "C2")
  var uid = 0
  var c1Results = Map[Int, Int]()
  var c2Results = Map[Int, Int]()

  def receive = {
    case n: Int => {
      c1 ! Tagged(n, uid)
      c2 ! Tagged(n, uid)
      uid += 1
    }
    case Tagged(C1Result(n), id) => c2Results get id match {
      case None => c1Results += (id -> n)
      case Some(m) => {
        c2Results -= id
        context.parent ! (n, m)
      }
    }
    case Tagged(C2Result(n), id) => c1Results get id match {
      case None => c2Results += (id -> n)
      case Some(m) => {
        c1Results -= id
        context.parent ! (m, n)
      }
    }
  }
}

class C1 extends Actor {
  import C1._

  def receive = {
    case Tagged(n: Int, id) => Tagged(C1Result(n), id)
  }
}

object C1 {
  case class C1Result(n: Int)
}

class C2 extends Actor {
  import C2._

  def receive = {
    case Tagged(n: Int, id) => Tagged(C2Result(n), id)
  }
}    

object C2 {
  case class C2Result(n: Int)
}

如果你认为代码看起来像 god-awful,请放轻松,我才刚刚开始学习 akka ;)

您可以在 child 演员上使用 ? 而不是 ! - 这将导致 child 演员 return a Future 与他们的(最终)结果,即一切仍然 non-blocking 直到你 Await Future 的结果。 parent actor 然后可以编写这些 Futures 并将其发送给另一个 actor - 它已经知道每个 Future's 身份,因此您无需担心标记每条消息,以便你可以稍后把它们放回原位。这是一个简单的示例,其中每个 child return 是一个随机的 Double,并且您想将第一个 child 的 return 值除以第二个 [=22] =] 的 return 值(即顺序很重要)。

import scala.concurrent.duration._

import akka.actor.{Props, Actor}
import akka.pattern.{ask, pipe}
import akka.util.Timeout

class A extends Actor {
  val c1 = context.actorOf(Props[C], "C1")
  val c2 = context.actorOf(Props[C], "C2")

  // The ask operation involves creating an internal actor for handling 
  // this reply, which needs to have a timeout after which it is
  // destroyed in order not to leak resources; see more below.
  implicit val timeout = Timeout(5 seconds)

  def receive = {
    case _ => {
      val f1 = c1 ? "anything" // Future[Any]
      val f2 = c2 ? "anything" // Future[Any]
      val result: Future[Double] = for {
        d1 <- f1.mapTo[Double]
        d2 <- f2.mapTo[Double]
      } yield d1 / d2
  }
}

class C extends Actor {
  def receive = {
    case _ => // random Double
  }
}

如果有许多 - 或数量不定的 - child 演员,Zim-Zam 建议的 很快就会失控。

aggregator pattern 旨在帮助解决这种情况。它提供了一个 Aggregator 特性,您可以在 actor 中使用它来执行您的聚合逻辑。

想要执行聚合的客户端 actor 可以启动一个基于聚合器的 actor 实例并向它发送一条消息,以启动聚合过程。

应该为每个聚合操作创建一个新的聚合器,并在发回结果时终止(当它收到所有响应或超时时)。

下面列出了此模式的一个示例,用于对 Child class 代表的参与者持有的整数值求和。 (请注意,他们没有必要 children 由同一个 parent actor 监督:SummationAggregator 只需要一个 ActorRefs 的集合。)

import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
import scala.concurrent.duration._

import akka.actor._
import akka.contrib.pattern.Aggregator

object Child {
  def props(value: Int): Props = Props(new Child(value))

  case object GetValue
  case class GetValueResult(value: Int)
}

class Child(value: Int) extends Actor {
  import Child._

  def receive = { case GetValue => sender ! GetValueResult(value) }
}

object SummationAggregator {
  def props = Props(new SummationAggregator)

  case object TimedOut
  case class StartAggregation(targets: Seq[ActorRef])
  case object BadCommand
  case class AggregationResult(sum: Int)
}

class SummationAggregator extends Actor with Aggregator {
  import Child._
  import SummationAggregator._

  expectOnce {
    case StartAggregation(targets) =>
      // Could do what this handler does in line but handing off to a 
      // separate class encapsulates the state a little more cleanly
      new Handler(targets, sender())
    case _ =>
      sender ! BadCommand
      context stop self
  }

  class Handler(targets: Seq[ActorRef], originalSender: ActorRef) {
    // Could just store a running total and keep track of the number of responses 
    // that we are awaiting...
    var valueResults = Set.empty[GetValueResult]

    context.system.scheduler.scheduleOnce(1.second, self, TimedOut)

    expect {
      case TimedOut =>
        // It might make sense to respond with what we have so far if some responses are still awaited...
        respondIfDone(respondAnyway = true)
    }

    if (targets.isEmpty)
      respondIfDone()
    else
      targets.foreach { t =>
        t ! GetValue
        expectOnce {
          case vr: GetValueResult =>
            valueResults += vr
            respondIfDone()
        }
      }

    def respondIfDone(respondAnyway: Boolean = false) = {
      if (respondAnyway || valueResults.size == targets.size) {
        originalSender ! AggregationResult(valueResults.foldLeft(0) { case (acc, GetValueResult(v)) => acc + v })
        context stop self
      }
    }
  }
}

要从您的 parent 演员使用这个 SummationAggregator,您可以这样做:

context.actorOf(SummationAggregator.props) ! StartAggregation(children)

然后在 parent 的接收中的某处处理 AggregationResult。