无法分配“'Mary'”："Aluno.mother_name" 必须是 "Aluno" 实例。当我尝试访问子类 "Aluno" 中的字段时
Cannot assign "'Mary'":"Aluno.mother_name" must be a "Aluno" instance. When I try to access field in subclass "Aluno"
我正在开发一个多用户系统，我正在做 Django User 的继承。
我有两个用户："aluno" 和 "professor"。
还有一个基数 class User。 Aluno 和 Professor 继承自 User。
models.py
account/models.py
class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionMixin):
username = models.CharField('Usuário', max_length=30, unique=True,
validators=[validators.RegexValidator(re.compile('^[\w.@+-]+$'),
'O nome de usuário só pode conter letras, digitos ou os '
'seguintes caracteres: @/./+/-/_', 'invalid')]
)
nome = models.CharField('Nome', max_length=100)
email = models.EmailField('E-mail', unique=True) # blank=True?
instituicao = models.CharField('Instituição', max_length=200)
SEXO_CHOICE = ((0, 'Masculino'), (1, 'Feminino'))
sexo = models.IntegerField('Sexo', choices=SEXO_CHOICE, default=0)
imagem_perfil = models.ImageField('Imagem do perfil', upload_to='media/img/%Y/%m/%d', blank=True)
is_active = models.BooleanField('Está ativo?', blank=True, default=True)
is_staff = models.BooleanField('É administrador?', blank=True, default=False)
date_joined = models.DateTimeField('Data de Entrada', auto_now_add=True)
objects = UserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'username'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['email']
def __str__(self):
return self.nome
def get_short_name(self):
return str(self)
def get_full_name(self):
return self.nome
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'Usuário'
verbose_name_plural = 'Usuários'
aluno/models.py
class Aluno(User):
mother_name = models.CharField('Mother name ', max_length=100)
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'Aluno'
verbose_name_plural = 'Alunos'
professor/models.py
class Professor(User):
endereco = models.CharField('Endereço', max_lenght=100)
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'Professor'
verbose_name_plural = 'Professores'
views.py
def dashboard_aluno(request):
user = User.objects.all()
aluno = Aluno.objects.all()
professor = Professor.objects.all()
print(user)
print(aluno)# o erro acontece nessa linha
print(professor)
turma_aluno = Turma.objects.filter(alunos__id__contains=request.user.id)
disciplina_aluno = Disciplina.objects.filter(turmas__id__contains=turma_aluno[0].id)
template_name = 'dashboard_aluno.html'
context = {'turma_aluno': turma_aluno, 'disciplina_aluno': disciplina_aluno}
return render(request, template_name, context)
两个用户都可以登录，但是当我尝试访问 subclass 字段时出现以下错误：
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
111. response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/decorators.py" in _wrapped_view
21. return view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/rede_social/conta/views.py" in dashboard_aluno
18. print(aluno)
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py" in __repr__
116. data = list(self[:REPR_OUTPUT_SIZE + 1])
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py" in __iter__
141. self._fetch_all()
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py" in _fetch_all
966. self._result_cache = list(self.iterator())
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py" in iterator
275. obj = model(*row_data)
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in __init__
382. setattr(self, field.attname, val)
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related.py" in __set__
454. self.related.opts.object_name,
Exception Type: ValueError at /conta/dashboard_aluno/
Exception Value: Cannot assign "'Mary'": "Aluno.mother_name" must be a "Aluno" instance.
我是 Django 的新手，所以任何建议或技巧将不胜感激。
Django 1.7.7 和 python 3.4
Ps.: 这是做多用户最好的方法？
经过一周的研究，我发现我做错了什么。
我将子类：Professor 和 Aluno 放在同一个应用程序中，然后工作！就这么简单。
我不知道为什么，但是工作。
account/models.py
class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionMixin):
username = models.CharField('Usuário', max_length=30, unique=True,
validators=[validators.RegexValidator(re.compile('^[\w.@+-]+$'),
'O nome de usuário só pode conter letras, digitos ou os '
'seguintes caracteres: @/./+/-/_', 'invalid')]
)
nome = models.CharField('Nome', max_length=100)
email = models.EmailField('E-mail', unique=True) # blank=True?
instituicao = models.CharField('Instituição', max_length=200)
SEXO_CHOICE = ((0, 'Masculino'), (1, 'Feminino'))
sexo = models.IntegerField('Sexo', choices=SEXO_CHOICE, default=0)
imagem_perfil = models.ImageField('Imagem do perfil', upload_to='media/img/%Y/%m/%d', blank=True)
is_active = models.BooleanField('Está ativo?', blank=True, default=True)
is_staff = models.BooleanField('É administrador?', blank=True, default=False)
date_joined = models.DateTimeField('Data de Entrada', auto_now_add=True)
objects = UserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'username'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['email']
def __str__(self):
return self.nome
def get_short_name(self):
return str(self)
def get_full_name(self):
return self.nome
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'Usuário'
verbose_name_plural = 'Usuários'
class Aluno(User):
mother_name = models.CharField('Mother name ', max_length=100)
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'Aluno'
verbose_name_plural = 'Alunos'
class Professor(User):
endereco = models.CharField('Endereço', max_lenght=100)
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'Professor'
verbose_name_plural = 'Professores'
我正在开发一个多用户系统，我正在做 Django User 的继承。
我有两个用户："aluno" 和 "professor"。
还有一个基数 class User。 Aluno 和 Professor 继承自 User。
models.py
account/models.py
class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionMixin):
username = models.CharField('Usuário', max_length=30, unique=True,
validators=[validators.RegexValidator(re.compile('^[\w.@+-]+$'),
'O nome de usuário só pode conter letras, digitos ou os '
'seguintes caracteres: @/./+/-/_', 'invalid')]
)
nome = models.CharField('Nome', max_length=100)
email = models.EmailField('E-mail', unique=True) # blank=True?
instituicao = models.CharField('Instituição', max_length=200)
SEXO_CHOICE = ((0, 'Masculino'), (1, 'Feminino'))
sexo = models.IntegerField('Sexo', choices=SEXO_CHOICE, default=0)
imagem_perfil = models.ImageField('Imagem do perfil', upload_to='media/img/%Y/%m/%d', blank=True)
is_active = models.BooleanField('Está ativo?', blank=True, default=True)
is_staff = models.BooleanField('É administrador?', blank=True, default=False)
date_joined = models.DateTimeField('Data de Entrada', auto_now_add=True)
objects = UserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'username'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['email']
def __str__(self):
return self.nome
def get_short_name(self):
return str(self)
def get_full_name(self):
return self.nome
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'Usuário'
verbose_name_plural = 'Usuários'
aluno/models.py
class Aluno(User):
mother_name = models.CharField('Mother name ', max_length=100)
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'Aluno'
verbose_name_plural = 'Alunos'
professor/models.py
class Professor(User):
endereco = models.CharField('Endereço', max_lenght=100)
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'Professor'
verbose_name_plural = 'Professores'
views.py
def dashboard_aluno(request):
user = User.objects.all()
aluno = Aluno.objects.all()
professor = Professor.objects.all()
print(user)
print(aluno)# o erro acontece nessa linha
print(professor)
turma_aluno = Turma.objects.filter(alunos__id__contains=request.user.id)
disciplina_aluno = Disciplina.objects.filter(turmas__id__contains=turma_aluno[0].id)
template_name = 'dashboard_aluno.html'
context = {'turma_aluno': turma_aluno, 'disciplina_aluno': disciplina_aluno}
return render(request, template_name, context)
两个用户都可以登录，但是当我尝试访问 subclass 字段时出现以下错误：
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in get_response
111. response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/decorators.py" in _wrapped_view
21. return view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/rede_social/conta/views.py" in dashboard_aluno
18. print(aluno)
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py" in __repr__
116. data = list(self[:REPR_OUTPUT_SIZE + 1])
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py" in __iter__
141. self._fetch_all()
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py" in _fetch_all
966. self._result_cache = list(self.iterator())
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py" in iterator
275. obj = model(*row_data)
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py" in __init__
382. setattr(self, field.attname, val)
File "/home/andre/andre/ifce/iniciacaocientifica/rede_social/projeto/venv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related.py" in __set__
454. self.related.opts.object_name,
Exception Type: ValueError at /conta/dashboard_aluno/
Exception Value: Cannot assign "'Mary'": "Aluno.mother_name" must be a "Aluno" instance.
我是 Django 的新手，所以任何建议或技巧将不胜感激。 Django 1.7.7 和 python 3.4
Ps.: 这是做多用户最好的方法？
经过一周的研究，我发现我做错了什么。
我将子类：Professor 和 Aluno 放在同一个应用程序中，然后工作！就这么简单。
我不知道为什么，但是工作。
account/models.py
class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionMixin):
username = models.CharField('Usuário', max_length=30, unique=True,
validators=[validators.RegexValidator(re.compile('^[\w.@+-]+$'),
'O nome de usuário só pode conter letras, digitos ou os '
'seguintes caracteres: @/./+/-/_', 'invalid')]
)
nome = models.CharField('Nome', max_length=100)
email = models.EmailField('E-mail', unique=True) # blank=True?
instituicao = models.CharField('Instituição', max_length=200)
SEXO_CHOICE = ((0, 'Masculino'), (1, 'Feminino'))
sexo = models.IntegerField('Sexo', choices=SEXO_CHOICE, default=0)
imagem_perfil = models.ImageField('Imagem do perfil', upload_to='media/img/%Y/%m/%d', blank=True)
is_active = models.BooleanField('Está ativo?', blank=True, default=True)
is_staff = models.BooleanField('É administrador?', blank=True, default=False)
date_joined = models.DateTimeField('Data de Entrada', auto_now_add=True)
objects = UserManager()
USERNAME_FIELD = 'username'
REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['email']
def __str__(self):
return self.nome
def get_short_name(self):
return str(self)
def get_full_name(self):
return self.nome
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'Usuário'
verbose_name_plural = 'Usuários'
class Aluno(User):
mother_name = models.CharField('Mother name ', max_length=100)
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'Aluno'
verbose_name_plural = 'Alunos'
class Professor(User):
endereco = models.CharField('Endereço', max_lenght=100)
class Meta:
verbose_name = 'Professor'
verbose_name_plural = 'Professores'