Django 继续在 mysql 查询中围绕 table 名称加上引号，查询将无法正常工作
Django keeps on putting quotes around table name in mysql query and the query wont work
Table MySql 中的名称是 usercreds 并且 django 生成的查询在 table 名称周围没有引号的情况下有效。
该模型是使用 django 的 inspectdb 命令创建的，我试图将 django 管理面板作为数据库管理器。
models.py:
# This is an auto-generated Django model module.
# You'll have to do the following manually to clean this up:
# * Rearrange models' order
# * Make sure each model has one field with primary_key=True
# * Make sure each ForeignKey has `on_delete` set to the desired behavior.
# * Remove `managed = False` lines if you wish to allow Django to create, modify, and delete the table
# Feel free to rename the models, but don't rename db_table values or field names.
from django.db import models
class Usercreds(models.Model):
id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=True, null=True)
password = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=True, null=True)
class Meta:
managed = False
db_table = 'usercreds'
settings.py:
"""
Django settings for admindb project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.2.11.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/
"""
import os
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '(4n(txlca35l2nk$(#@^p9iin_a5m#&lvu7w=!-8tbb^7e0+33'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'dbmanagepsql',
'dbmanagemysql',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'admindb.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'admindb.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': 'testdb',
'USER': 'postgres',
'PASSWORD': 'wtfigo!!',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '5432',
},
'mysql': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'OPTIONS': {
'init_command': 'SET default_storage_engine=INNODB',
'database': 'testdb',
'user' : 'root',
'password' : 'Ftpol018@',
},
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
我得到的错误是：
ProgrammingError at /admin/dbmanagemysql/usercreds/
relation "usercreds" does not exist
LINE 1: SELECT COUNT(*) AS "__count" FROM "usercreds"
来自 django 的回溯：
Environment:
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://localhost:8000/admin/dbmanagemysql/usercreds/
Django Version: 2.2.11
Python Version: 3.6.9
Installed Applications:
['dbmanagepsql',
'dbmanagemysql',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles']
Installed Middleware:
['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']
Traceback:
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute
84. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
The above exception (relation "usercreds" does not exist
LINE 1: SELECT COUNT(*) AS "__count" FROM "usercreds"
^
) was the direct cause of the following exception:
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py" in inner
34. response = get_response(request)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
115. response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
113. response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/options.py" in wrapper
606. return self.admin_site.admin_view(view)(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/decorators.py" in _wrapped_view
142. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/views/decorators/cache.py" in _wrapped_view_func
44. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/sites.py" in inner
223. return view(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/decorators.py" in _wrapper
45. return bound_method(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/decorators.py" in _wrapped_view
142. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/options.py" in changelist_view
1685. cl = self.get_changelist_instance(request)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/options.py" in get_changelist_instance
744. sortable_by,
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/views/main.py" in __init__
82. self.get_results(request)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/views/main.py" in get_results
210. result_count = paginator.count
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py" in __get__
80. res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/paginator.py" in count
91. return c()
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py" in count
392. return self.query.get_count(using=self.db)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py" in get_count
504. number = obj.get_aggregation(using, ['__count'])['__count']
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py" in get_aggregation
489. result = compiler.execute_sql(SINGLE)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py" in execute_sql
1140. cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in execute
99. return super().execute(sql, params)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in execute
67. return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute_with_wrappers
76. return executor(sql, params, many, context)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute
84. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py" in __exit__
89. raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute
84. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
Exception Type: ProgrammingError at /admin/dbmanagemysql/usercreds/
Exception Value: relation "usercreds" does not exist
LINE 1: SELECT COUNT(*) AS "__count" FROM "usercreds"
^
如果有办法删除引号或不生成带引号的查询将解决问题。我曾尝试在 models.py 中重命名 table 名称，但似乎没有任何效果。如果你们熟悉这个或者以某种方式使用 django 管理面板作为数据库管理器 ui 在任何数据库上执行 CRUD 操作，请帮助我。
问题不在于 Django 在您的 table 名称周围加上引号，而是您为 table 查询了错误的数据库。在您的情况下，它正在查询您的 postgres 数据库，因为这就是您设置的 default，这是 Django 在您没有指定要使用的任何其他特定数据库时使用的数据库别名。
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': 'testdb',
'USER': 'postgres',
'PASSWORD': 'wtfigo!!',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '5432',
},
'mysql': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'OPTIONS': {
'init_command': 'SET default_storage_engine=INNODB',
'database': 'testdb',
'user' : 'root',
'password' : 'Ftpol018@',
},
}
}
为了证明是这样，你可以使用.using('db_alias')到select正确的数据库来使用
all_usercreds = Usercreds.objects.using('mysql').all()
如果您不想在引用该模型时总是调用 .using，您可以定义自定义数据库路由器并在 settings.DATABASE_ROUTERS 中注册它，如下所示：
my_app.db_routers.py
from my_app.models import Usercreds
class CustomDatabaseRouter(object):
def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):
if model == Usercreds:
return 'mysql'
return None
def db_for_write(self, model, **hints):
if model == Usercreds:
return 'mysql'
return None
app/settings.py
DATABASE_ROUTERS = ('my_app.db_routers.CustomDatabaseRouter',)
来源：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/db/multi-db/
Table MySql 中的名称是 usercreds 并且 django 生成的查询在 table 名称周围没有引号的情况下有效。 该模型是使用 django 的 inspectdb 命令创建的，我试图将 django 管理面板作为数据库管理器。
models.py:
# This is an auto-generated Django model module.
# You'll have to do the following manually to clean this up:
# * Rearrange models' order
# * Make sure each model has one field with primary_key=True
# * Make sure each ForeignKey has `on_delete` set to the desired behavior.
# * Remove `managed = False` lines if you wish to allow Django to create, modify, and delete the table
# Feel free to rename the models, but don't rename db_table values or field names.
from django.db import models
class Usercreds(models.Model):
id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
name = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=True, null=True)
password = models.CharField(max_length=20, blank=True, null=True)
class Meta:
managed = False
db_table = 'usercreds'
settings.py:
"""
Django settings for admindb project.
Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.2.11.
For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/settings/
For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/
"""
import os
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/deployment/checklist/
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = '(4n(txlca35l2nk$(#@^p9iin_a5m#&lvu7w=!-8tbb^7e0+33'
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'dbmanagepsql',
'dbmanagemysql',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'admindb.urls'
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'admindb.wsgi.application'
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': 'testdb',
'USER': 'postgres',
'PASSWORD': 'wtfigo!!',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '5432',
},
'mysql': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'OPTIONS': {
'init_command': 'SET default_storage_engine=INNODB',
'database': 'testdb',
'user' : 'root',
'password' : 'Ftpol018@',
},
}
}
# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/topics/i18n/
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.2/howto/static-files/
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
我得到的错误是：
ProgrammingError at /admin/dbmanagemysql/usercreds/
relation "usercreds" does not exist
LINE 1: SELECT COUNT(*) AS "__count" FROM "usercreds"
来自 django 的回溯：
Environment:
Request Method: GET
Request URL: http://localhost:8000/admin/dbmanagemysql/usercreds/
Django Version: 2.2.11
Python Version: 3.6.9
Installed Applications:
['dbmanagepsql',
'dbmanagemysql',
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles']
Installed Middleware:
['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']
Traceback:
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute
84. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
The above exception (relation "usercreds" does not exist
LINE 1: SELECT COUNT(*) AS "__count" FROM "usercreds"
^
) was the direct cause of the following exception:
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py" in inner
34. response = get_response(request)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
115. response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
113. response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/options.py" in wrapper
606. return self.admin_site.admin_view(view)(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/decorators.py" in _wrapped_view
142. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/views/decorators/cache.py" in _wrapped_view_func
44. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/sites.py" in inner
223. return view(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/decorators.py" in _wrapper
45. return bound_method(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/decorators.py" in _wrapped_view
142. response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/options.py" in changelist_view
1685. cl = self.get_changelist_instance(request)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/options.py" in get_changelist_instance
744. sortable_by,
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/views/main.py" in __init__
82. self.get_results(request)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/views/main.py" in get_results
210. result_count = paginator.count
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py" in __get__
80. res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/paginator.py" in count
91. return c()
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/query.py" in count
392. return self.query.get_count(using=self.db)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py" in get_count
504. number = obj.get_aggregation(using, ['__count'])['__count']
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py" in get_aggregation
489. result = compiler.execute_sql(SINGLE)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/compiler.py" in execute_sql
1140. cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in execute
99. return super().execute(sql, params)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in execute
67. return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute_with_wrappers
76. return executor(sql, params, many, context)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute
84. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py" in __exit__
89. raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value
File "/home/alex/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/backends/utils.py" in _execute
84. return self.cursor.execute(sql, params)
Exception Type: ProgrammingError at /admin/dbmanagemysql/usercreds/
Exception Value: relation "usercreds" does not exist
LINE 1: SELECT COUNT(*) AS "__count" FROM "usercreds"
^
如果有办法删除引号或不生成带引号的查询将解决问题。我曾尝试在 models.py 中重命名 table 名称，但似乎没有任何效果。如果你们熟悉这个或者以某种方式使用 django 管理面板作为数据库管理器 ui 在任何数据库上执行 CRUD 操作，请帮助我。
问题不在于 Django 在您的 table 名称周围加上引号，而是您为 table 查询了错误的数据库。在您的情况下，它正在查询您的 postgres 数据库，因为这就是您设置的 default，这是 Django 在您没有指定要使用的任何其他特定数据库时使用的数据库别名。
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql_psycopg2',
'NAME': 'testdb',
'USER': 'postgres',
'PASSWORD': 'wtfigo!!',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '5432',
},
'mysql': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'OPTIONS': {
'init_command': 'SET default_storage_engine=INNODB',
'database': 'testdb',
'user' : 'root',
'password' : 'Ftpol018@',
},
}
}
为了证明是这样，你可以使用.using('db_alias')到select正确的数据库来使用
all_usercreds = Usercreds.objects.using('mysql').all()
如果您不想在引用该模型时总是调用 .using，您可以定义自定义数据库路由器并在 settings.DATABASE_ROUTERS 中注册它，如下所示：
my_app.db_routers.py
from my_app.models import Usercreds
class CustomDatabaseRouter(object):
def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):
if model == Usercreds:
return 'mysql'
return None
def db_for_write(self, model, **hints):
if model == Usercreds:
return 'mysql'
return None
app/settings.py
DATABASE_ROUTERS = ('my_app.db_routers.CustomDatabaseRouter',)
来源：https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.0/topics/db/multi-db/