在 BaseX 中优化缓慢的 XQuery 查询

Optimizing a slow XQuery query in BaseX

我有一个只有一个小 XML 文件的 BaseX XML 数据库。这些文件基本上由两种结构组成。一个是 PlatformCategory 有 46 个实例,另一个 PlatformGenericType 有 213 个实例。

PlatformGenericTypehref 属性中引用了 PlatformCategory

<PlatformGeneralType id="/plib/platformgeneraltypes/pgt1">
  <name>No statement</name>
  <enum>NO_STATEMENT</enum>
  <isOfPlatformCategory href="/plib/platformcategories/pc1"/>
  <readOnly>true</readOnly>
</PlatformGeneralType>

<PlatformCategory id="/plib/platformcategories/pc1">
  <name>No statement</name>
  <enum>NO_STATEMENT</enum>
  <environment>AIR</environment>
  <readOnly>true</readOnly>
</PlatformCategory>

当我执行以下查询时,大约需要六秒钟才能得到结果:

//PlatformGeneralType[isOfPlatformCategory/@href=//PlatformCategory[environment="AIR"]/@id]

如何优化此查询?

注意我运行"optimize all".

更新: 之前查询的问题好像解决了。但是当我使用以下扩展查询时,查询需要 44.28 秒:

/PLib/PlatformSpecificTypes/PlatformSpecificType
[isOfPlatformGeneralType/@href=/PLib/PlatformGeneralTypes/PlatformGeneralType
    [isOfPlatformCategory/@href=/PLib/PlatformCategories/PlatformCategory
        [environment='AIR']/@id]/@id]

PlatformSpecificType 有 8939 个实例,其结构:

<PlatformSpecificTypes>
    <PlatformSpecificType id="/plib/platformspecifictypes/DataShip.3">
        <name>Meko 360H2</name>
        <lethalityLevel>LOW</lethalityLevel>
        <isOfPlatformGeneralType href="/plib/platformgeneraltypes/pgt62"/>
        <ownedByCountry href="/plib/countries/10"/>
    </PlatformSpecificType>
</PlatformSpecificTypes>

其查询信息:

查询: /PLib/PlatformSpecificTypes/PlatformSpecificType[isOfPlatformGeneralType/@href=/PLib/PlatformGeneralTypes/PlatformGeneralType[isOfPlatformCategory/@href=/PLib/PlatformCategories/PlatformCategory[environment='AIR']/@id]/@id] 结果: - 命中:3642 件 - 更新:0 件 - 印刷版:2048 KB - 读取锁定:本地 [command_plib] - 写入锁定:none 定时: - 解析:1.25 毫秒 - 编译:0.71 毫秒 - 评估:44248.94 毫秒 - 打印:37.11 毫秒 - 总时间:44288.02 毫秒 查询计划:

数据库属性:

Database Properties
 Name: command_plib
 Size: 20247 KB
 Nodes: 781606
 Documents: 1
 Binaries: 0
 Timestamp: 2015-06-12-10-12-14

Resource Properties
 Input Path: /home/sceran/Documents/PLIB/command_plib.xml
 Input Size: 21354 KB
 Timestamp: 2015-06-11-15-34-07
 Encoding: UTF-8
 CHOP: true

Indexes
 Up-to-date: true
 TEXTINDEX: true
 ATTRINDEX: true
 FTINDEX: false
 LANGUAGE: English
 STEMMING: true
 CASESENS: true
 DIACRITICS: false
 STOPWORDS: 
 UPDINDEX: false
 AUTOOPTIMIZE: false
 MAXCATS: 100
 MAXLEN: 96

查询信息:

Compiling:
- rewriting descendant-or-self step(s)
- rewriting descendant-or-self step(s)
- converting descendant::*:PlatformGeneralType[(*:isOfPlatformCategory/@*:href = root()/descendant::*:PlatformCategory[(*:environment = "AIR")]/@*:id)] to child steps
Query:
//PlatformGeneralType[isOfPlatformCategory/@href=//PlatformCategory[environment="AIR"]/@id]
Optimized Query:
db:open-pre("command_plib",0)/*:PLib/*:PlatformGeneralTypes/*:PlatformGeneralType[(*:isOfPlatformCategory/@*:href = root()/descendant::*:PlatformCategory[(*:environment = "AIR")]/@*:id)]
Result:
- Hit(s): 55 Items
- Updated: 0 Items
- Printed: 12776 Bytes
- Read Locking: local [command_plib]
- Write Locking: none
Timing:
- Parsing: 0.55 ms
- Compiling: 0.3 ms
- Evaluating: 5786.29 ms
- Printing: 1.0 ms
- Total Time: 5788.15 ms
Query plan:
<QueryPlan compiled="true">
  <IterPath>
    <DBNode name="command_plib" pre="0"/>
    <IterStep axis="child" test="*:PLib"/>
    <IterStep axis="child" test="*:PlatformGeneralTypes"/>
    <IterStep axis="child" test="*:PlatformGeneralType">
      <CmpG op="=">
        <CachedPath>
          <IterStep axis="child" test="*:isOfPlatformCategory"/>
          <IterStep axis="attribute" test="*:href"/>
        </CachedPath>
        <IterPath>
          <Root/>
          <IterStep axis="descendant" test="*:PlatformCategory">
            <CmpG op="=">
              <CachedPath>
                <IterStep axis="child" test="*:environment"/>
              </CachedPath>
              <Str value="AIR" type="xs:string"/>
            </CmpG>
          </IterStep>
          <IterStep axis="attribute" test="*:id"/>
        </IterPath>
      </CmpG>
    </IterStep>
  </IterPath>
</QueryPlan>

更新二: 我怀疑 PlatformSpecificTypes 的结构会阻止索引。我想知道如果我如下更改它,它会提高查询性能吗?

<PlatformSpecificTypes>
    <PlatformSpecificType id="/plib/platformspecifictypes/DataShip.3">
        <name>Meko 360H2</name>
        <lethalityLevel>LOW</lethalityLevel>
        **<isOfPlatformGeneralType>/plib/platformgeneraltypes/pgt62 </isOfPlatformGeneralType>**
        <ownedByCountry href="/plib/countries/10"/>
    </PlatformSpecificType>
</PlatformSpecificTypes>

更新三: 我已经上传了XML file in a gist,这样你就可以检查它了。

现在,当我执行以下查询时,我需要大约 28 秒才能得到结果。

/root/PlSpTys/PlSpTy[isOfPlGeTy/@href=/root/PlGeTys/PlGeTy[isOfPlCt/@href=/root/PlCts/PlCt[environment='AIR']/@id]/@id]

查询信息如下:

 Query:
/root/PlSpTys/PlSpTy[isOfPlGeTy/@href=/root/PlGeTys/PlGeTy[isOfPlCt/@href=/root/PlCts/PlCt[environment='AIR']/@id]/@id]
Result:
- Hit(s): 3642 Items
- Updated: 0 Items
- Printed: 257 KB
- Read Locking: local [Output6]
- Write Locking: none
Timing:
- Parsing: 0.66 ms
- Compiling: 0.34 ms
- Evaluating: 28398.32 ms
- Printing: 4.63 ms
- Total Time: 28403.97 ms
Query plan:
<QueryPlan compiled="true">
  <IterPath>
    <DBNode name="Output6" pre="0"/>
    <IterStep axis="child" test="*:root"/>
    <IterStep axis="child" test="*:PlSpTys"/>
    <IterStep axis="child" test="*:PlSpTy">
      <CmpG op="=">
        <CachedPath>
          <IterStep axis="child" test="*:isOfPlGeTy"/>
          <IterStep axis="attribute" test="*:href"/>
        </CachedPath>
        <IterPath>
          <Root/>
          <IterStep axis="child" test="*:root"/>
          <IterStep axis="child" test="*:PlGeTys"/>
          <IterStep axis="child" test="*:PlGeTy">
            <CmpG op="=">
              <CachedPath>
                <IterStep axis="child" test="*:isOfPlCt"/>
                <IterStep axis="attribute" test="*:href"/>
              </CachedPath>
              <IterPath>
                <Root/>
                <IterStep axis="child" test="*:root"/>
                <IterStep axis="child" test="*:PlCts"/>
                <IterStep axis="child" test="*:PlCt">
                  <CmpG op="=">
                    <CachedPath>
                      <IterStep axis="child" test="*:environment"/>
                    </CachedPath>
                    <Str value="AIR" type="xs:string"/>
                  </CmpG>
                </IterStep>
                <IterStep axis="attribute" test="*:id"/>
              </IterPath>
            </CmpG>
          </IterStep>
          <IterStep axis="attribute" test="*:id"/>
        </IterPath>
      </CmpG>
    </IterStep>
  </IterPath>
</QueryPlan>

你能帮我优化查询持续时间吗?

BaseX 似乎没有意识到它应该用静态结果预处理 "inner" 部分,因此评估成本约为 O(n^2) 而不是 O(n).

重新格式化您的查询(在我的机器上大约需要 30 秒)以更好地理解它显示第一个谓词内比较的整个右侧是静态的,不依赖于 PlSpTy 当前分析的元素:

/root/PlSpTys/PlSpTy[
  isOfPlGeTy/@href=/root/PlGeTys/PlGeTy[
    isOfPlCt/@href=/root/PlCts/PlCt[
      environment='AIR'
    ]/@id
  ]/@id
]

在我的机器上对此进行评估大约需要 9 毫秒,这不是很多,但如果重复 运行 可能会变得昂贵。计算 PlSpTy 个元素 (count(/root/PlSpTys/PlSpTy)) 的数量显示接近 8939 个这样的元素,因此内部部分的评估成本约为 8939*9ms ~= 80s -- something 肯定已经优化掉了,但不是所有的东西。

如果我们简单地提取查询的这一部分并预先计算它会发生什么?

let $compare :=
  /root/PlGeTys/PlGeTy[
    isOfPlCt/@href=/root/PlCts/PlCt[
      environment='AIR'
    ]/@id
  ]/@id

return
  /root/PlSpTys/PlSpTy[
    isOfPlGeTy/@href=$compare
  ]

计算时间下降到 16 毫秒,其中四分之一用于实际打印结果。我开了一个bug report requesting better optimization. (Update: some optimizations have been applied).

最新的 snapshot of BaseX 为您的查询提供了优化:如果多次请求路径表达式的结果,它们现在将被缓存。优化将在8.2.2版本正式上线。