Python 中的定点迭代

Question

我是 Python 的新手，我对这项任务有疑问：

编写一个函数，使用定点迭代找到用户数学函数的根。
使用此函数求根：x^3 + x - 1。
根据迭代算法的步数画出根近似的依赖关系图

这是我第一次使用 Python，所以我真的需要帮助。这是我的代码，但它不起作用：

import math
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

def fixedp (function, x0, min = 0.001, max = 100):
  i = 0
  e = 1
  xp = []
  while (e > min and i < max):
    x = function(x0)
    e = norm(x0 - x)
    x0 = x
    xp.append(x0)
    i = i + 1
  return x, xp

fx = input("Wrote function : ")
function = lambda x: eval(fx)

x_start = 0.5
xf,xp = fixedp(function, x_start)

x = linspace(0,2,100)
y = function(x)
plot(x, y, xp, function(xp), 'bo', x_start, f(x_start), 'ro', xf, f(xf), 'go', x, x, 'k')
show()

Answer 1

首先，我会注意到您的代码逻辑很棒并且可以正常工作。缩进和语法有一些问题，所以我重写了你的代码。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from typing import Tuple, List
from math import *


def iteration(given_function, x0, min_error=0.001, max_iteration=3) -> Tuple[float, List]:
    i = 0
    error = 1
    xp = []
    x = None
    while error > min_error and i < max_iteration:
        x = given_function(x0)
        error = abs(x0 - x)
        x0 = x
        xp.append(x0)
        i += 1
    print(xp)
    return x, xp


def plot(xf, xp, x_start, given_function):
    function_v = np.vectorize(given_function)

    x = np.linspace(0, 2, 100)
    y = function_v(x)
    plt.plot(x, y)
    plt.plot(xp, function_v(xp), 'bo')
    plt.plot(x_start, given_function(x_start), 'ro')
    plt.plot(xf, given_function(xf), 'go')
    plt.plot(x, x, 'k')
    plt.show()


def main():
    fx = input("Write function: ")
    given_function = lambda x: eval(fx)

    x_start = 0.9
    xf, xp = iteration(given_function, x_start)

    plot(xf, xp, x_start, given_function)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

祝Python以后好运！

Python 中的定点迭代

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