在 Mac 上安装 `pymssql` 时出错 -- FreeTDS
Error during install of `pymssql` on Mac -- FreeTDS
我已经回顾了关于这个主题的许多问题，但所有问题似乎都已过时或没有帮助。我正在尝试使用 pip3 设置 pymssql。我有 python 版本 3.7 和 freetds 版本 1.1.26。当我 运行 pip3 install pymssql 这里是我遇到的冗长错误。乍一看，我认为这可能是 freetds 版本 (see here) 的问题，我也尝试直接从 github 存储库安装：pip3 install git+https://github.com/pymssql/pymssql 但 wheel 无法构建。
Collecting pymssql
Using cached pymssql-2.1.4.tar.gz (691 kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: pymssql
Building wheel for pymssql (setup.py) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-wheel-tfqq1pua
cwd: /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/
Complete output (35 lines):
setup.py: platform.system() => 'Darwin'
setup.py: platform.architecture() => ('64bit', '')
setup.py: platform.libc_ver() => ('', '')
setup.py: Detected Darwin/Mac OS X.
You can install FreeTDS with Homebrew or MacPorts, or by downloading
and compiling it yourself.
Homebrew (http://brew.sh/)
--------------------------
brew install freetds
MacPorts (http://www.macports.org/)
-----------------------------------
sudo port install freetds
setup.py: Not using bundled FreeTDS
setup.py: include_dirs = ['/usr/local/include']
setup.py: library_dirs = ['/usr/local/lib']
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_ext
cythoning src/_mssql.pyx to src/_mssql.c
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Main.py:369: FutureWarning: Cython directive 'language_level' not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/src/_mssql.pxd
tree = Parsing.p_module(s, pxd, full_module_name)
warning: src/_mssql.pyx:150:4: Exception already a builtin Cython type
cythoning src/pymssql.pyx to src/pymssql.c
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Main.py:369: FutureWarning: Cython directive 'language_level' not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/src/pymssql.pyx
tree = Parsing.p_module(s, pxd, full_module_name)
building '_mssql' extension
creating build
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/src
gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -I/usr/local/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m -c src/_mssql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/src/_mssql.o -DMSDBLIB
xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for pymssql
Running setup.py clean for pymssql
Failed to build pymssql
Installing collected packages: pymssql
Running setup.py install for pymssql ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-record-tjfo0sbt/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m/pymssql
cwd: /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/
Complete output (35 lines):
setup.py: platform.system() => 'Darwin'
setup.py: platform.architecture() => ('64bit', '')
setup.py: platform.libc_ver() => ('', '')
setup.py: Detected Darwin/Mac OS X.
You can install FreeTDS with Homebrew or MacPorts, or by downloading
and compiling it yourself.
Homebrew (http://brew.sh/)
--------------------------
brew install freetds
MacPorts (http://www.macports.org/)
-----------------------------------
sudo port install freetds
setup.py: Not using bundled FreeTDS
setup.py: include_dirs = ['/usr/local/include']
setup.py: library_dirs = ['/usr/local/lib']
running install
running build
running build_ext
cythoning src/_mssql.pyx to src/_mssql.c
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Main.py:369: FutureWarning: Cython directive 'language_level' not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/src/_mssql.pxd
tree = Parsing.p_module(s, pxd, full_module_name)
warning: src/_mssql.pyx:150:4: Exception already a builtin Cython type
cythoning src/pymssql.pyx to src/pymssql.c
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Main.py:369: FutureWarning: Cython directive 'language_level' not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/src/pymssql.pyx
tree = Parsing.p_module(s, pxd, full_module_name)
building '_mssql' extension
creating build
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/src
gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -I/usr/local/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m -c src/_mssql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/src/_mssql.o -DMSDBLIB
xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-record-tjfo0sbt/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m/pymssql Check the logs for full command output.
更新：看来 pymssql 项目可能再次激活。原来的停产公告在这里：https://github.com/pymssql/pymssql/issues/668
很遗憾，pymssql 项目已停止：
https://github.com/pymssql/pymssql
如果您需要连接到 SQL 服务器，我建议您使用 pyodbc。这是快速版本，看起来您已经完成了 FreeTDS 安装。
brew install freetds
python3 -m venv pyodbc_venv
source pyodbc_venv/bin/activate
pip install pyodbc
然后，在你的连接中明确，因为这解决了大多数问题：
conn = pyodbc.connect('DRIVER={FreeTDS};SERVER=yourserver.yourcompany.com;PORT=1433;DATABASE=yourdb;UID=user;PWD=password;TDS_Version=7.3')
pyodbc 的完整文档在此处：https://github.com/mkleehammer/pyodbc/wiki
祝你好运！
在 MacOs Big Sur 上
brew install freetds openssl
export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/freetds/lib -L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@1.1/lib"
export CFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/freetds/include"
pip3 install pymssql
我已经回顾了关于这个主题的许多问题，但所有问题似乎都已过时或没有帮助。我正在尝试使用 pip3 设置 pymssql。我有 python 版本 3.7 和 freetds 版本 1.1.26。当我 运行 pip3 install pymssql 这里是我遇到的冗长错误。乍一看，我认为这可能是 freetds 版本 (see here) 的问题，我也尝试直接从 github 存储库安装：pip3 install git+https://github.com/pymssql/pymssql 但 wheel 无法构建。
Collecting pymssql
Using cached pymssql-2.1.4.tar.gz (691 kB)
Building wheels for collected packages: pymssql
Building wheel for pymssql (setup.py) ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-wheel-tfqq1pua
cwd: /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/
Complete output (35 lines):
setup.py: platform.system() => 'Darwin'
setup.py: platform.architecture() => ('64bit', '')
setup.py: platform.libc_ver() => ('', '')
setup.py: Detected Darwin/Mac OS X.
You can install FreeTDS with Homebrew or MacPorts, or by downloading
and compiling it yourself.
Homebrew (http://brew.sh/)
--------------------------
brew install freetds
MacPorts (http://www.macports.org/)
-----------------------------------
sudo port install freetds
setup.py: Not using bundled FreeTDS
setup.py: include_dirs = ['/usr/local/include']
setup.py: library_dirs = ['/usr/local/lib']
running bdist_wheel
running build
running build_ext
cythoning src/_mssql.pyx to src/_mssql.c
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Main.py:369: FutureWarning: Cython directive 'language_level' not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/src/_mssql.pxd
tree = Parsing.p_module(s, pxd, full_module_name)
warning: src/_mssql.pyx:150:4: Exception already a builtin Cython type
cythoning src/pymssql.pyx to src/pymssql.c
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Main.py:369: FutureWarning: Cython directive 'language_level' not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/src/pymssql.pyx
tree = Parsing.p_module(s, pxd, full_module_name)
building '_mssql' extension
creating build
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/src
gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -I/usr/local/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m -c src/_mssql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/src/_mssql.o -DMSDBLIB
xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Failed building wheel for pymssql
Running setup.py clean for pymssql
Failed to build pymssql
Installing collected packages: pymssql
Running setup.py install for pymssql ... error
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
command: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-record-tjfo0sbt/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m/pymssql
cwd: /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/
Complete output (35 lines):
setup.py: platform.system() => 'Darwin'
setup.py: platform.architecture() => ('64bit', '')
setup.py: platform.libc_ver() => ('', '')
setup.py: Detected Darwin/Mac OS X.
You can install FreeTDS with Homebrew or MacPorts, or by downloading
and compiling it yourself.
Homebrew (http://brew.sh/)
--------------------------
brew install freetds
MacPorts (http://www.macports.org/)
-----------------------------------
sudo port install freetds
setup.py: Not using bundled FreeTDS
setup.py: include_dirs = ['/usr/local/include']
setup.py: library_dirs = ['/usr/local/lib']
running install
running build
running build_ext
cythoning src/_mssql.pyx to src/_mssql.c
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Main.py:369: FutureWarning: Cython directive 'language_level' not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/src/_mssql.pxd
tree = Parsing.p_module(s, pxd, full_module_name)
warning: src/_mssql.pyx:150:4: Exception already a builtin Cython type
cythoning src/pymssql.pyx to src/pymssql.c
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/Cython/Compiler/Main.py:369: FutureWarning: Cython directive 'language_level' not set, using 2 for now (Py2). This will change in a later release! File: /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/src/pymssql.pyx
tree = Parsing.p_module(s, pxd, full_module_name)
building '_mssql' extension
creating build
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7
creating build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/src
gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch x86_64 -g -I/usr/local/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m -c src/_mssql.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-x86_64-3.7/src/_mssql.o -DMSDBLIB
xcrun: error: invalid active developer path (/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools), missing xcrun at: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/xcrun
error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/bin/python3.7 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-install-2jerl6n6/pymssql/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record /private/var/folders/ty/b0h4wy9938vbwh98tn_r9ryh0000gn/T/pip-record-tjfo0sbt/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/include/python3.7m/pymssql Check the logs for full command output.
更新：看来 pymssql 项目可能再次激活。原来的停产公告在这里：https://github.com/pymssql/pymssql/issues/668
很遗憾，pymssql 项目已停止：
https://github.com/pymssql/pymssql
如果您需要连接到 SQL 服务器，我建议您使用 pyodbc。这是快速版本，看起来您已经完成了 FreeTDS 安装。
brew install freetds
python3 -m venv pyodbc_venv
source pyodbc_venv/bin/activate
pip install pyodbc
然后，在你的连接中明确，因为这解决了大多数问题：
conn = pyodbc.connect('DRIVER={FreeTDS};SERVER=yourserver.yourcompany.com;PORT=1433;DATABASE=yourdb;UID=user;PWD=password;TDS_Version=7.3')
pyodbc 的完整文档在此处：https://github.com/mkleehammer/pyodbc/wiki
祝你好运！
在 MacOs Big Sur 上
brew install freetds openssl
export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/freetds/lib -L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@1.1/lib"
export CFLAGS="-I/opt/homebrew/opt/freetds/include"
pip3 install pymssql