在父工厂上存储 factory-boy RelatedFactory 对象

Storing factory-boy RelatedFactory Object on Parent Factory

我有两个 Django 模型(CustomerCustomerAddress),它们都包含彼此的 ForeignKey。我正在使用 factory-boy 来管理这些模型的创建,并且无法将子工厂实例保存到父工厂(使用使用 RelatedFactory class 定义的关系)。

我的两个模型:

class ExampleCustomerAddress(models.Model):
    # Every customer mailing address is assigned to a single Customer,
    # though Customers may have multiple addresses.
    customer = models.ForeignKey('ExampleCustomer', on_delete=models.CASCADE)

class ExampleCustomer(models.Model):
    # Each customer has a single (optional) default billing address:
    default_billto = models.ForeignKey(
        'ExampleCustomerAddress',
        on_delete=models.SET_NULL,
        blank=True,
        null=True,
        related_name='+')

我有两个工厂,每个型号一个:

class ExampleCustomerAddressFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
    class Meta:
        model = ExampleCustomerAddress

    customer = factory.SubFactory(
        'ExampleCustomerFactory',
        default_billto=None)  # Set to None to prevent recursive address creation.

class ExampleCustomerFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
    class Meta:
        model = ExampleCustomer

    default_billto = factory.RelatedFactory(ExampleCustomerAddressFactory,
                                            'customer')

创建 ExampleCustomerFactory 时,default_billtoNone,即使已创建 ExampleCustomerAddress

In [14]: ec = ExampleCustomerFactory.build()

In [15]: ec.default_billto is None
Out[15]: True

(当使用create()时,数据库中存在一个新的ExampleCustomerAddress。我在这里使用build()来简化示例。

创建 ExampleCustomerAddress 按预期工作,自动创建 Customer

In [22]: eca = ExampleCustomerAddressFactory.build()

In [23]: eca.customer
Out[23]: <ExampleCustomer: ExampleCustomer object>

In [24]: eca.customer.default_billto is None
Out[24]: True  <-- I was expecting this to be set to an `ExampleCustomerAddress!`.

我觉得我在这里要疯了,缺少一些非常简单的东西。我得到的印象是我遇到了这个错误,因为两个模型如何相互包含 ForeignKeys

首先,一个简单的经验法则:当您关注 ForeignKey 时,总是 更喜欢 SubFactoryRelatedFactory意在遵循反向关系。

让我们依次走每个工厂。

ExampleCustomerAddressFactory

当我们在没有客户的情况下调用该工厂时,我们需要获取一个地址,链接到客户,并用作该客户的默认地址。

但是,当我们与客户调用它时,请不要更改它。

以下方法可行:

class ExampleCustomerAddressFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
    class Meta:
        model = ExampleCustomerAddress

    # Fill the Customer unless provided
    customer = factory.SubFactory(
        ExampleCustomerFactory,
        # We can't provide ourself there, since we aren't saved to the database yet.
        default_billto=None,
    )

    @factory.post_generation
    def set_customer_billto(obj, create, *args, **kwargs):
        """Set the default billto of the customer to ourselves if empty"""
        if obj.customer.default_billto is None:
            obj.customer.default_billto = obj
            if create:
                obj.customer.save()

在这里,我们将新创建的客户的值设置为“我们”;请注意,此逻辑也可以移至 ExampleCustomerAddress.save().

ExampleCustomerFactory

对于这个工厂,规则更简单:在创建客户时,创建一个默认的账单地址(除非已提供值)。

class ExampleCustomerFactory(factory.django.DjangoModelFactory):
    class Meta:
        model = ExampleCustomer

    # We can't use a SubFactory here, since that would be evaluated before
    # the Customer has been saved.
    default_billto = factory.RelatedFactory(
        ExampleCustomerAddressFactory,
        'customer',
    )

本厂将运行如下:

  1. 使用 default_billto=None 创建 ExampleCustomer 实例;
  2. 与新创建的客户通话ExampleCustomerAddressFactory(customer=obj)
  3. 该工厂将与该客户建立 ExampleCustomerAddress
  4. 该工厂中的 post 生成挂钩将检测到客户没有 default_billto,并将覆盖它。

备注

  • 我没有对此进行测试,因此可能会出现一些拼写错误或小错误;
  • 由您决定先声明哪个工厂,使用目标工厂的路径而不是直接引用;
  • 如上所述,当客户为空时设置客户的默认帐单地址并将地址添加到该客户的逻辑可以移至模型的 .save() 方法。