IntegrityError NOT NULL 约束失败：- 在验证表单中缺少用户 ID（另一个模型的外键）

Question

上一个标题：无法导入 'misaka' - Django

我正在学习有关如何构建社交网络的教程。

我运行进入这个错误：

IntegrityError at /posts/new/ NOT NULL constraint failed: posts_post.user_id

完整追溯（请注意粗体行）：

The above exception (NOT NULL constraint failed: posts_post.user_id) was the direct cause of the following exception:
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py in inner
            response = get_response(request) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py in _get_response
                response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py in _get_response
                response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py in view
            return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\contrib\auth\mixins.py in dispatch
        return super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\base.py in dispatch
        return handler(request, *args, **kwargs) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\edit.py in post
        return super().post(request, *args, **kwargs) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\edit.py in post
            return self.form_valid(form) …


▶ Local vars
C:\Users\Tommaso\Django rest framework\Udemy Django\simplesocial\posts\views.py in form_valid
        **return super().form_valid(form)** …


▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\views\generic\edit.py in form_valid
        self.object = form.save() …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\forms\models.py in save
            self.instance.save() …


▶ Local vars
C:\Users\Tommaso\Django rest framework\Udemy Django\simplesocial\posts\models.py in save
        **super().save(*args, **kwargs)** …


▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py in save
                       force_update=force_update, update_fields=update_fields) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py in save_base
                force_update, using, update_fields, …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py in _save_table
            result = self._do_insert(cls._base_manager, using, fields, update_pk, raw) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py in _do_insert
                               using=using, raw=raw) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py in manager_method
                return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py in _insert
        return query.get_compiler(using=using).execute_sql(return_id) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\sql\compiler.py in execute_sql
                cursor.execute(sql, params) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py in execute
            return super().execute(sql, params) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py in execute
        return self._execute_with_wrappers(sql, params, many=False, executor=self._execute) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py in _execute_with_wrappers
        return executor(sql, params, many, context) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py in _execute
                return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\db\utils.py in __exit__
                raise dj_exc_value.with_traceback(traceback) from exc_value …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\utils.py in _execute
                return self.cursor.execute(sql, params) …
▶ Local vars
C:\Applicazioni_Tommaso\Phyton\lib\site-packages\django\db\backends\sqlite3\base.py in execute
        return Database.Cursor.execute(self, query, params) …
▶ Local vars

粗体字指向这两段代码：

1: 在 my_project\posts\views.py 中 form_valid:

def form_valid(self, form):
    self.object = form.save(commit=False)
    self.object = self.request.user
    self.object.save()
    return super().form_valid(form) #<--highligted line

2：在my_project\posts\models.py中保存

def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
    self.message_html = m.html(self.message)
    super().save(*args, **kwargs) #<--highligted line

当用户 post 成为社交网络群组中的新 post 时，这些功能是运行。

我正在使用 VScode，所以我注意到显然我的代码无法识别 misaka，通过 pip 安装并按如下方式导入：

import misaka as m

Pylint import error: Unable to import 'misaka'

我已经阅读了 misaka 文档，但我不明白哪里出了问题。
请注意我使用的是 Misaka v. 2.1.0，显然不需要在设置中的 INSTALLED_APPS 中安装。

有什么想法吗？

因为有人建议我在不设置用户外键的情况下尝试在数据库中创建一个Post模型object，这里你可以看到我的my_project/posts/model.py :

from django.db import models
from django.urls import reverse #vho corretto io, ersione di django cambiata
from django.conf import settings

import misaka as m

from groups.models import Group

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
User = get_user_model()

class Post(models.Model):
    user = models.ForeignKey(User, related_name="posts", on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    message = models.TextField()
    message_html = models.TextField(editable=False)

    group = models.ForeignKey(Group, related_name="posts", null=True, blank=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.message

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.message_html = m.html(self.message)
        super().save(*args, **kwargs)

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('posts:single', kwargs={'username':self.user.username, 'pk':self.pk})

    class Meta:
            ordering = ['-created_at']
            unique_together = ['user', 'message']

Answer 1

您正试图在未设置用户外键的情况下将 Post 模型对象插入数据库。

您应该首先将其设置为附加到请求的用户对象。

def form_valid(self, form):
    form.instance.created_by = self.request.user
    return super().form_valid(form)

勾选Django Documentation

Answer 2

已解决：

正如@ebram-shehata 所建议的，代码试图在不设置用户外键的情况下将 Post 模型对象插入数据库，这是因为在 form_valid(self, form) 方法中我拼错一行。

我替换了

def form_valid(self, form):
    self.object = form.save(commit=False)
    self.object = self.request.user
    self.object.save()
    return super().form_valid(form)

与：

def form_valid(self, form):
    self.object = form.save(commit=False)
    self.object.user = self.request.user
    self.object.save()
    return super().form_valid(form)

现在可以正常使用了！

Answer 3

添加：

self.object.user = self.request.user

并将self.object替换为self.object()

让您获得：

def form_valid(self, form): 
    self.object = form.save(commit=False) 
    self.object.user = self.request.user 
    self.object.save() 
    return super().form_valid(form)

IntegrityError NOT NULL 约束失败：- 在验证表单中缺少用户 ID（另一个模型的外键）

IntegrityError NOT NULL constraint failed: - in validating form missing user id (foreing key of anothermodel)

python

django

django-forms

super

misaka