使用自定义 IXmlSerializer 反序列化注释

Question

我正在尝试将我的 Description 属性序列化为 Xml 评论。因此，为此我实现了 IXmlSerializable 并且下面的 WriteXml 产生了非常好的 XML。

[Serializable]
public sealed class Setting<T> : SettingBase, IXmlSerializable
{
    public Setting() { }

    public Setting(T value, string description)
    {
        Value = value;
        Description = description;
    }

    public Setting(string command, T value, string description)
        : this(value, description)
    {
        Command = command;
    }

    public XmlSchema GetSchema()
    {
        return null;
    }

    public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader)
    {
    }

    public void WriteXml(XmlWriter writer)
    {
        var properties = GetType().GetProperties();
        foreach (var propertyInfo in properties)
        {
            if (propertyInfo.IsDefined(typeof(XmlCommentAttribute), false))
                writer.WriteComment(Description);
            else if (!propertyInfo.CustomAttributes.Any((attr) => attr.AttributeType.Equals(typeof(XmlIgnoreAttribute))))
                writer.WriteElementString(propertyInfo.Name, propertyInfo.GetValue(this, null)?.ToString());
        }
    }

    [XmlComment, Browsable(false)]
    public string Description { get; set; }

    [XmlElement, Browsable(false)]
    public string Command { get; set; }

    [XmlElement, Browsable(false)]
    public T Value { get; set; }

    [XmlIgnore]
    public override object ValueUntyped { get { return Value; } }
}

[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple = false)]
public class XmlCommentAttribute : Attribute {}

然而，我已经多次尝试实现 ReadXml，但我似乎无法反序列化 Description 评论。

我如何实现 ReadXml 来取消我的 class？

Answer 1

实施 IXmlSerializable 时，您需要遵守 this answer to Proper way to implement IXmlSerializable? by Marc Gravell 中规定的规则以及文档：

IXmlSerializable.WriteXml(XmlWriter)：

The WriteXml implementation you provide should write out the XML representation of the object. The framework writes a wrapper element and positions the XML writer after its start. Your implementation may write its contents, including child elements. The framework then closes the wrapper element.

对于IXmlSerializable.ReadXml(XmlReader)：

The ReadXml method must reconstitute your object using the information that was written by the WriteXml method.

When this method is called, the reader is positioned on the start tag that wraps the information for your type. That is, directly on the start tag that indicates the beginning of a serialized object. When this method returns, it must have read the entire element from beginning to end, including all of its contents. Unlike the WriteXml method, the framework does not handle the wrapper element automatically. Your implementation must do so. Failing to observe these positioning rules may cause code to generate unexpected runtime exceptions or corrupt data.

事实证明，编写一个 ReadXml() 来正确处理边界情况（例如无序或意外元素、缺失或额外的空格、空元素等）是非常棘手的。因此，采用某种解析框架来正确遍历 XML 树是有意义的，例如 from ，并将其扩展为处理注释节点：

public static class XmlSerializationExtensions
{
    // Adapted from this answer 
    // To 
    // by handling comments.
    public static void ReadIXmlSerializable(XmlReader reader, Func<XmlReader, bool> handleXmlAttribute, Func<XmlReader, bool> handleXmlElement, Func<XmlReader, bool> handleXmlText, Func<XmlReader, bool> handleXmlComment)
    {
        //https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.xml.serialization.ixmlserializable.readxml?view=netframework-4.8#remarks
        //When this method is called, the reader is positioned on the start tag that wraps the information for your type. 
        //That is, directly on the start tag that indicates the beginning of a serialized object. 
        //When this method returns, it must have read the entire element from beginning to end, including all of its contents. 
        //Unlike the WriteXml method, the framework does not handle the wrapper element automatically. Your implementation must do so. 
        //Failing to observe these positioning rules may cause code to generate unexpected runtime exceptions or corrupt data.
        reader.MoveToContent();
        if (reader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.Element)
            throw new XmlException(string.Format("Invalid NodeType {0}", reader.NodeType));
        if (reader.HasAttributes)
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < reader.AttributeCount; i++)
            {
                reader.MoveToAttribute(i);
                handleXmlAttribute(reader);
            }
            reader.MoveToElement(); // Moves the reader back to the element node.
        }
        if (reader.IsEmptyElement)
        {
            reader.Read();
            return;
        }
        reader.ReadStartElement(); // Advance to the first sub element of the wrapper element.
        while (reader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.EndElement)
        {
            if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Element)
            {
                using (var subReader = reader.ReadSubtree())
                {
                    subReader.MoveToContent();
                    handleXmlElement(subReader);
                }
                // ReadSubtree() leaves the reader positioned ON the end of the element, so read that also.
                reader.Read();
            }
            else if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Text || reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.CDATA)
            {
                var type = reader.NodeType;
                handleXmlText(reader);
                // Ensure that the reader was not advanced.
                if (reader.NodeType != type)
                    throw new XmlException(string.Format("handleXmlText incorrectly advanced the reader to a new node {0}", reader.NodeType));
                reader.Read();
            }
            else if (reader.NodeType == XmlNodeType.Comment)
            {
                var type = reader.NodeType;
                handleXmlComment(reader);
                // Ensure that the reader was not advanced.
                if (reader.NodeType != type)
                    throw new XmlException(string.Format("handleXmlComment incorrectly advanced the reader to a new node {0}", reader.NodeType));
                reader.Read();
            }
            else // Whitespace, etc.
            {
                // Skip() leaves the reader positioned AFTER the end of the node.
                reader.Skip();
            }
        }
        // Move past the end of the wrapper element
        reader.ReadEndElement();
    }

    public static void ReadIXmlSerializable(XmlReader reader, Func<XmlReader, bool> handleXmlAttribute, Func<XmlReader, bool> handleXmlElement, Func<XmlReader, bool> handleXmlText)
    {
        ReadIXmlSerializable(reader, handleXmlAttribute, handleXmlElement, handleXmlText, r => true);
    }

    public static void WriteIXmlSerializable(XmlWriter writer, Action<XmlWriter> writeAttributes, Action<XmlWriter> writeNodes)
    {
        //https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.xml.serialization.ixmlserializable.writexml?view=netframework-4.8#remarks
        //The WriteXml implementation you provide should write out the XML representation of the object. 
        //The framework writes a wrapper element and positions the XML writer after its start. Your implementation may write its contents, including child elements. 
        //The framework then closes the wrapper element.
        writeAttributes(writer);
        writeNodes(writer);
    }
}

public static class XmlSerializerFactory
{
    // To avoid a memory leak the serializer must be cached.
    // 
    // This factory taken from 
    // 

    readonly static Dictionary<Tuple<Type, string, string>, XmlSerializer> cache;
    readonly static object padlock;

    static XmlSerializerFactory()
    {
        padlock = new object();
        cache = new Dictionary<Tuple<Type, string, string>, XmlSerializer>();
    }

    public static XmlSerializer Create(Type serializedType, string rootName, string rootNamespace)
    {
        if (serializedType == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException();
        if (rootName == null && rootNamespace == null)
            return new XmlSerializer(serializedType);
        lock (padlock)
        {
            XmlSerializer serializer;
            var key = Tuple.Create(serializedType, rootName, rootNamespace);
            if (!cache.TryGetValue(key, out serializer))
                cache[key] = serializer = new XmlSerializer(serializedType, new XmlRootAttribute { ElementName = rootName, Namespace = rootNamespace });
            return serializer;
        }
    }
}

然后修改你的class使用它如下：

[Serializable]
public sealed class Setting<T> : SettingBase, IXmlSerializable
{
    public Setting() { }

    public Setting(T value, string description)
    {
        Value = value;
        Description = description;
    }

    public Setting(string command, T value, string description)
        : this(value, description)
    {
        Command = command;
    }

    public XmlSchema GetSchema() { return null;}

    public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader)
    {
        XmlSerializationExtensions.ReadIXmlSerializable(reader, r => true,
            r =>
            {
                switch (r.LocalName)
                {
                    case "Command":
                        Command = r.ReadElementContentAsString();
                        break;
                    case "Value":
                        var serializer = XmlSerializerFactory.Create(typeof(T), "Value", reader.NamespaceURI);
                        Value = (T)serializer.Deserialize(r);
                        break;
                }
                return true;
            },
            r => true, r => { Description += r.Value; return true; });
    }

    public void WriteXml(XmlWriter writer)
    {
        XmlSerializationExtensions.WriteIXmlSerializable(writer, w => { },
            w =>
            {
                if (Description != null)
                    w.WriteComment(Description);
                if (Command != null)
                    w.WriteElementString("Command", Command);
                if (Value != null)
                {
                    var serializer = XmlSerializerFactory.Create(typeof(T), "Value", null);
                    serializer.Serialize(w, Value);
                }
            });
    }

    public string Description { get; set; }

    public string Command { get; set; }

    public T Value { get; set; }

    public override object ValueUntyped { get { return Value; } }
}

// ABSTRACT BASE CLASS NOT INCLUDED IN QUESTION, THIS IS JUST A GUESS
[Serializable]
public abstract class SettingBase
{
    public abstract object ValueUntyped { get; }
}

并且您可以将其往返 XML。

备注：

因为你的 class 是密封的，所以我用直接访问属性替换了反射的使用来序列化。
在您的版本中，您通过写入其 ToString() 值将 T Value 序列化为 XML：
```
writer.WriteElementString(propertyInfo.Name, propertyInfo.GetValue(this, null)?.ToString());
```
除非该值本身是一个字符串，否则这可能会产生错误的结果：
- 数字、DateTime、TimeSpan 和类似的原语将被 本地化 。 XML 基元应始终以文化不变的方式进行格式化。
- 不覆盖 ToString() 的复杂对象（例如 string []）将以完全不正确的方式进行格式化。
为了避免这些问题，我的版本通过构造适当的 XmlSerializer 将值序列化为 XML。这保证了正确性，但可能比您的版本慢。如果这里的性能很重要，您可以检查已知类型（例如 string）并将它们手动格式化为 XML，例如使用实用程序 class XmlConvert.
XmlReader.ReadSubtree()用于保证XmlReader不被HandleXmlElement(XmlReader reader)错位。

演示 fiddle here.

使用自定义 IXmlSerializer 反序列化注释

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