在 QML 中控制带纹理的 3D 对象不透明度
Control a textured 3D object opacity in QML
我对 QML 中的 Qt 3D 有点陌生，我正在尝试控制 textured 3D 对象的不透明度。
为此，我正在使用 simpleqml3d 测试项目。
我玩过这些材料，但无法正常工作。
这是我从 simpleqml3d 测试项目中修改的 IronMan.qml 实体：
import Qt3D.Core 2.0
import Qt3D.Render 2.0
import Qt3D.Extras 2.0
Entity {
id: root
property real x: 0
property real y: 0
property real z: 0
property real scale: 1.0
Texture2D{
id: texture
TextureImage {
source: "qrc:/man.png"
}
}
//COPY RenderableEntity.qml in your project!!!!!!
RenderableEntity{
id: chest
source: "qrc:/man.obj" //Path to iron man model. You can open it with 3D Builder on Windows 10
position: Qt.vector3d(root.x, root.y, root.z)
scale: root.scale
// material: DiffuseMapMaterial {
// id: material
// diffuse: texture
// specular: Qt.rgba( 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0 )
// shininess: 2.0
// }
// material: DiffuseMapMaterial {
// diffuse: texture
// specular: Qt.rgba( 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0 )
// shininess: 2.0
// }
// material: DiffuseSpecularMaterial {
// alphaBlending: true
// diffuse: Qt.rgba(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.0)//texture
// specular: texture//Qt.rgba(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.5)
// shininess: 2.0
// }
// material: PhongMaterial {
// ambient: Qt.rgba( 1, 0, 0, 0 )
// diffuse: Qt.rgba( 1, 0, 0, 0 )
// shininess: 50
// }
// material: PhongAlphaMaterial {
// alpha: 0.0
// diffuse: Qt.rgba(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.0)//texture
// specular: Qt.rgba(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.0)
// shininess: 2.0
// }
material: PhongAlphaMaterial {
alpha: 0.0
ambient: Qt.rgba( 1, 0, 0, 0 )
diffuse: Qt.rgba( 1, 0, 0, 0 )
shininess: 50
}
}
}
评论的素材是我玩过的素材。即使使用 PhongAlphaMaterial，我也无法工作，当不透明度设置为 0.0 时，模型仍然显示如下：
有人可以帮我控制带纹理的 3D 对象不透明度，同时又不丢失纹理吗？
编辑：
我接受了 Florian Blume 的回答，因为答案基于 Github 存储库，所以我认为最好将代码也放在 Whosebug 上，以防他的分叉存储库分支出现问题。因此，我将 post 此处提供完全使项目正常运行的资源。
simpleqml3d.pro
TEMPLATE = app
QT += core gui widgets 3dcore 3drender 3dinput 3dquick qml quick 3dquickextras
CONFIG += c++11
SOURCES += main.cpp
RESOURCES += resources.qrc
# Additional import path used to resolve QML modules in Qt Creator's code model
QML_IMPORT_PATH =
# Additional import path used to resolve QML modules just for Qt Quick Designer
QML_DESIGNER_IMPORT_PATH =
# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any feature of Qt which as been marked deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
# deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
# You can also make your code fail to compile if you use deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000 # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0
# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target
main.cpp
/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2014 Klaralvdalens Datakonsult AB (KDAB).
** Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of the Qt3D module of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:BSD$
** Commercial License Usage
** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
** and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
** information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us.
**
** BSD License Usage
** Alternatively, you may use this file under the terms of the BSD license
** as follows:
**
** "Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
** modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
** met:
** * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
** * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
** the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
** distribution.
** * Neither the name of The Qt Company Ltd nor the names of its
** contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
** from this software without specific prior written permission.
**
**
** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
** "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
** LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
** A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
** OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
** SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
** LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
** DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
** THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
** (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
** OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
**
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/
#include <Qt3DQuickExtras/qt3dquickwindow.h>
#include <Qt3DQuick/QQmlAspectEngine>
#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlEngine>
#include <QQmlContext>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
Qt3DExtras::Quick::Qt3DQuickWindow view;
// Expose the window as a context property so we can set the aspect ratio
view.engine()->qmlEngine()->rootContext()->setContextProperty("_window", &view);
view.setSource(QUrl("qrc:/main.qml"));
view.show();
return app.exec();
}
resources.qrc
<RCC>
<qresource prefix="/">
<file>main.qml</file>
<file>IronMan.qml</file>
<file>man.obj</file>
<file>man.png</file>
<file>TextureAlphaMaterial.qml</file>
</qresource>
<qresource prefix="/shaders">
<file>unlittexture.frag</file>
<file>unlittexture.vert</file>
</qresource>
</RCC>
main.qml
/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2016 Klaralvdalens Datakonsult AB (KDAB).
** Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of the Qt3D module of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:BSD$
** Commercial License Usage
** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
** and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
** information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us.
**
** BSD License Usage
** Alternatively, you may use this file under the terms of the BSD license
** as follows:
**
** "Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
** modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
** met:
** * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
** * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
** the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
** distribution.
** * Neither the name of The Qt Company Ltd nor the names of its
** contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
** from this software without specific prior written permission.
**
**
** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
** "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
** LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
** A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
** OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
** SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
** LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
** DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
** THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
** (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
** OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
**
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/
import QtQuick 2.1
import Qt3D.Core 2.0
import Qt3D.Render 2.9
import Qt3D.Input 2.0
import Qt3D.Extras 2.9
Entity {
id: root
objectName: "root"
// Use the renderer configuration specified in ForwardRenderer.qml
// and render from the mainCamera
components: [
RenderSettings {
activeFrameGraph: RenderSurfaceSelector {
id: renderSurfaceSelector
CameraSelector {
id: cameraSelector
camera: camera
Viewport {
id: viewport
normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0, 0, 1, 1)
ClearBuffers {
buffers: ClearBuffers.AllBuffers
clearColor: "white"
NoDraw{}
}
LayerFilter {
layers: [opaqueLayer]
}
LayerFilter {
layers: [opaqueLayer]
filterMode: LayerFilter.DiscardAllMatchingLayers
NoDepthMask {}
}
}
}
}
},
InputSettings { }
]
Camera {
id: camera
projectionType: CameraLens.PerspectiveProjection
fieldOfView: 45
nearPlane : 0.1
farPlane : 1000.0
position: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 4.0, -5.0 )
upVector: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 )
viewCenter: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 )
}
FirstPersonCameraController { camera: camera }
Entity {
components: [
PointLight {
enabled: parent.enabled
color: "black"
intensity: 0
}
]
}
Entity {
PlaneMesh {
id: groundMesh
width: 50
height: width
meshResolution: Qt.size(2, 2)
}
Transform {
id: groundTransform
translation: Qt.vector3d(0, 0, 0)
}
Layer {
id: opaqueLayer
}
PhongMaterial {
id: material
diffuse: Qt.rgba( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1 )
ambient: Qt.rgba( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1 )
}
components: [
groundMesh,
groundTransform,
material,
opaqueLayer
]
}
IronMan {
id: ironMan
}
}
IronMan.qml
import Qt3D.Core 2.0
import Qt3D.Render 2.0
import Qt3D.Extras 2.0
import QtQml 2.14
Entity {
id: root
property vector3d position: Qt.vector3d(0, 0, 0)
property real scale: 1.0
property real rotationAngle: 0.0
property vector3d rotationAxis: Qt.vector3d(1, 0, 0)
property alias source: mesh.source
property Material material
components: [ transform, mesh, material ]
Transform {
id: transform
scale: root.scale
rotation: fromAxisAndAngle(root.rotationAxis, root.rotationAngle)
translation: root.position
}
Mesh {
id: mesh
source: "qrc:/man.obj"
}
material: TextureAlphaMaterial {
id: material
opacity: 0.5
}
}
TextureAlphaMaterial.qml
import Qt3D.Core 2.0
import Qt3D.Render 2.0
Material {
id: root
property real opacity: 1.
parameters: [
Parameter {
name: "diffuseTexture"
value: Texture2D {
textureImages: [
TextureImage {
source: "qrc:/man.png"
}
]
}
}
]
effect: Effect {
id: rootEffect
parameters: [
Parameter
{
name: "opacity"
value: root.opacity
}
]
techniques: [
Technique {
graphicsApiFilter {
api: GraphicsApiFilter.OpenGL
profile: GraphicsApiFilter.CoreProfile
majorVersion: 3
minorVersion: 1
}
filterKeys: [ FilterKey { name: "renderingStyle"; value: "forward" } ]
renderPasses: [
RenderPass {
shaderProgram: ShaderProgram {
vertexShaderCode: loadSource("qrc:/shaders/unlittexture.vert")
fragmentShaderCode: loadSource("qrc:/shaders/unlittexture.frag")
}
renderStates: [
DepthTest {
depthFunction: DepthTest.LessOrEqual
},
NoDepthMask {
},
BlendEquation {
blendFunction: BlendEquation.Add
},
BlendEquationArguments {
sourceRgb: BlendEquationArguments.One
destinationRgb: BlendEquationArguments.OneMinusSourceAlpha
sourceAlpha: BlendEquationArguments.One
destinationAlpha: BlendEquationArguments.OneMinusSourceAlpha
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
}
unlittexture.frag
#version 150 core
uniform sampler2D diffuseTexture;
uniform float opacity;
in vec3 position;
in vec2 texCoord;
out vec4 fragColor;
void main()
{
fragColor = vec4(texture(diffuseTexture, texCoord).xyz * opacity, opacity);
}
unlittexture.vert
#version 150 core
in vec3 vertexPosition;
in vec2 vertexTexCoord;
out vec3 position;
out vec2 texCoord;
uniform mat4 modelView;
uniform mat4 mvp;
void main()
{
vec3 t = vec3(vertexTexCoord, 1.0);
texCoord = (t / t.z).xy;
position = vec3(modelView * vec4(vertexPosition, 1.0));
gl_Position = mvp * vec4(vertexPosition, 1.0);
}
注：
您可以分别用任何 3D 模型（使用 Blender 或任何其他 3D 软件导出到 obj）或贴图纹理替换 man.obj 和 man.png。然而，它们可以在 Florian's repository or on tripolskypetr's repository.
上找到
这是最终结果：
编辑 2
我修改了你的项目。它现在以透明纹理显示模型，您可以在 GitHub 上找到它。请务必查看分支 transparent_texture.
我没有实现允许动态设置透明度的功能，但我认为您可以从示例开始自己实现。该模型也未点亮，即仅显示纹理而没有任何闪电，但通过查看其他 Qt3D materials.
应该很容易实现一些简单的 phong 闪电
原答案
Qt3D 没有为透明纹理对象提供 material，这意味着您必须自己实现它。我稍后再讲。
简单透明
关于您的透明度问题，我尝试了代码并使以下内容正常工作但没有按钮：
main.cpp:
#include <Qt3DQuickExtras/qt3dquickwindow.h>
#include <Qt3DQuick/QQmlAspectEngine>
#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlEngine>
#include <QQmlContext>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
Qt3DExtras::Quick::Qt3DQuickWindow view;
view.engine()->qmlEngine()->rootContext()->setContextProperty("_window", &view);
view.setSource(QUrl("qrc:/main.qml"));
view.show();
return app.exec();
}
main.qml:
import QtQuick 2.1
import Qt3D.Core 2.0
import Qt3D.Render 2.9
import Qt3D.Input 2.0
import Qt3D.Extras 2.9
Entity {
id: root
objectName: "root"
// Use the renderer configuration specified in ForwardRenderer.qml
// and render from the mainCamera
components: [
RenderSettings {
activeFrameGraph: RenderSurfaceSelector {
id: renderSurfaceSelector
CameraSelector {
id: cameraSelector
camera: camera
Viewport {
id: viewport
normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0, 0, 1, 1)
ClearBuffers {
buffers: ClearBuffers.AllBuffers
clearColor: "white"
NoDraw{}
}
LayerFilter {
layers: [opaqueLayer]
}
LayerFilter {
layers: [opaqueLayer]
filterMode: LayerFilter.DiscardAllMatchingLayers
}
}
}
}
},
// Event Source will be set by the Qt3DQuickWindow
InputSettings { }
]
Camera {
id: camera
projectionType: CameraLens.PerspectiveProjection
fieldOfView: 45
nearPlane : 0.1
farPlane : 1000.0
position: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 4.0, -5.0 )
upVector: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 )
viewCenter: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 )
}
FirstPersonCameraController { camera: camera }
Entity {
components: [
PointLight {
enabled: parent.enabled
color: "black"
intensity: 0
}
]
}
Entity {
PlaneMesh {
id: groundMesh
width: 50
height: width
meshResolution: Qt.size(2, 2)
}
Transform {
id: groundTransform
translation: Qt.vector3d(0, 0, 0)
}
Layer {
id: opaqueLayer
}
PhongMaterial {
id: material
diffuse: Qt.rgba( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1 )
ambient: Qt.rgba( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1 )
}
components: [
groundMesh,
groundTransform,
material,
opaqueLayer
]
}
Entity {
id: sphere1
Mesh {
id: man
source: "qrc:/man.obj"
}
components: [
man,
matSphere1Material
]
PhongAlphaMaterial {
id: matSphere1Material
alpha: 0.1
ambient: Qt.rgba( 1, 1, 0, 0.0 )
diffuse: Qt.rgba( 1, 1, 0, 0.0 )
shininess: 50
}
}
}
我简化了您的示例以找出问题所在，看起来您在 main.cpp 中使用了错误的 QML 引擎。但我建议您尝试一下 Scene3DView 示例，因为透明度与您的设置类似（如果您需要 UI 中的按钮）。我经常使用示例并根据需要修改它们。我只是想让您开始使用我提供的代码。
如果你问自己为什么我在那里有 LayerFilters，请查看我的 这解释了为什么当你的场景中有透明物体时这是必要的。
透明纹理对象
这更难（不幸的是我没有时间提供示例代码，也许开始然后在某些事情不起作用时提出问题）。在这里你必须实现你自己的着色器。 Qt3D 根本不提供任何考虑 alpha 的现成实现。 q3dpostproc repository 是一个对我帮助很大的存储库。您可以看到如何构建自己的 Qt3D materials，加载自己的着色器并将参数传递给它们。
还有 Advanced Custom Material 示例，它可以为如何创建自定义着色器和传递参数提供很多帮助。
如果您想了解如何在着色器中为对象添加纹理，请查看 shader of QTextureMaterial and its code。我试图在 QML 中重新创建它，但它并没有立即起作用。
我建议您尝试使用 q3dpostproc 代码并尝试对其中一个对象进行纹理处理（该项目的结构有点复杂，因为它是一个展示柜，但过了一段时间后一切都变得有意义了）。它已经有一个使用纹理的着色器，因为它首先将所有内容绘制到屏幕外缓冲区，然后使用该纹理绘制屏幕。在您使用自己的着色器成功地对其中一个对象进行纹理处理后，您可以在其中执行类似的操作：
fragColor = vec4(texture(...).xyz, 0.5);
这应该会给你一个透明的纹理。当您希望纹理正确点亮时，您可能只需要在最后用更精细的东西替换 texture(...).xyz 。但是为此，您可以查看我链接的 Qt3D GitHub 存储库中的 phong 着色器，或者从 this repository 或互联网上的其他地方获取一个。
希望这些信息对您有所帮助。
编辑 1
我修改了 q3dpostproc 代码以在 GitHub branch 中显示透明纹理。对象尚未点亮，但这应该使功能清晰。
我对 QML 中的 Qt 3D 有点陌生，我正在尝试控制 textured 3D 对象的不透明度。 为此，我正在使用 simpleqml3d 测试项目。
我玩过这些材料，但无法正常工作。
这是我从 simpleqml3d 测试项目中修改的 IronMan.qml 实体：
import Qt3D.Core 2.0
import Qt3D.Render 2.0
import Qt3D.Extras 2.0
Entity {
id: root
property real x: 0
property real y: 0
property real z: 0
property real scale: 1.0
Texture2D{
id: texture
TextureImage {
source: "qrc:/man.png"
}
}
//COPY RenderableEntity.qml in your project!!!!!!
RenderableEntity{
id: chest
source: "qrc:/man.obj" //Path to iron man model. You can open it with 3D Builder on Windows 10
position: Qt.vector3d(root.x, root.y, root.z)
scale: root.scale
// material: DiffuseMapMaterial {
// id: material
// diffuse: texture
// specular: Qt.rgba( 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0 )
// shininess: 2.0
// }
// material: DiffuseMapMaterial {
// diffuse: texture
// specular: Qt.rgba( 0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 1.0 )
// shininess: 2.0
// }
// material: DiffuseSpecularMaterial {
// alphaBlending: true
// diffuse: Qt.rgba(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.0)//texture
// specular: texture//Qt.rgba(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.5)
// shininess: 2.0
// }
// material: PhongMaterial {
// ambient: Qt.rgba( 1, 0, 0, 0 )
// diffuse: Qt.rgba( 1, 0, 0, 0 )
// shininess: 50
// }
// material: PhongAlphaMaterial {
// alpha: 0.0
// diffuse: Qt.rgba(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.0)//texture
// specular: Qt.rgba(0.2, 0.2, 0.2, 0.0)
// shininess: 2.0
// }
material: PhongAlphaMaterial {
alpha: 0.0
ambient: Qt.rgba( 1, 0, 0, 0 )
diffuse: Qt.rgba( 1, 0, 0, 0 )
shininess: 50
}
}
}
评论的素材是我玩过的素材。即使使用 PhongAlphaMaterial，我也无法工作，当不透明度设置为 0.0 时，模型仍然显示如下：
有人可以帮我控制带纹理的 3D 对象不透明度，同时又不丢失纹理吗？
编辑：
我接受了 Florian Blume 的回答，因为答案基于 Github 存储库，所以我认为最好将代码也放在 Whosebug 上，以防他的分叉存储库分支出现问题。因此，我将 post 此处提供完全使项目正常运行的资源。
simpleqml3d.pro
TEMPLATE = app
QT += core gui widgets 3dcore 3drender 3dinput 3dquick qml quick 3dquickextras
CONFIG += c++11
SOURCES += main.cpp
RESOURCES += resources.qrc
# Additional import path used to resolve QML modules in Qt Creator's code model
QML_IMPORT_PATH =
# Additional import path used to resolve QML modules just for Qt Quick Designer
QML_DESIGNER_IMPORT_PATH =
# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any feature of Qt which as been marked deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
# deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
# You can also make your code fail to compile if you use deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000 # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0
# Default rules for deployment.
qnx: target.path = /tmp/$${TARGET}/bin
else: unix:!android: target.path = /opt/$${TARGET}/bin
!isEmpty(target.path): INSTALLS += target
main.cpp
/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2014 Klaralvdalens Datakonsult AB (KDAB).
** Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of the Qt3D module of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:BSD$
** Commercial License Usage
** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
** and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
** information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us.
**
** BSD License Usage
** Alternatively, you may use this file under the terms of the BSD license
** as follows:
**
** "Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
** modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
** met:
** * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
** * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
** the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
** distribution.
** * Neither the name of The Qt Company Ltd nor the names of its
** contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
** from this software without specific prior written permission.
**
**
** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
** "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
** LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
** A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
** OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
** SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
** LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
** DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
** THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
** (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
** OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
**
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/
#include <Qt3DQuickExtras/qt3dquickwindow.h>
#include <Qt3DQuick/QQmlAspectEngine>
#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlEngine>
#include <QQmlContext>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
Qt3DExtras::Quick::Qt3DQuickWindow view;
// Expose the window as a context property so we can set the aspect ratio
view.engine()->qmlEngine()->rootContext()->setContextProperty("_window", &view);
view.setSource(QUrl("qrc:/main.qml"));
view.show();
return app.exec();
}
resources.qrc
<RCC>
<qresource prefix="/">
<file>main.qml</file>
<file>IronMan.qml</file>
<file>man.obj</file>
<file>man.png</file>
<file>TextureAlphaMaterial.qml</file>
</qresource>
<qresource prefix="/shaders">
<file>unlittexture.frag</file>
<file>unlittexture.vert</file>
</qresource>
</RCC>
main.qml
/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2016 Klaralvdalens Datakonsult AB (KDAB).
** Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of the Qt3D module of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:BSD$
** Commercial License Usage
** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
** and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
** information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us.
**
** BSD License Usage
** Alternatively, you may use this file under the terms of the BSD license
** as follows:
**
** "Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
** modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
** met:
** * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
** * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
** notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
** the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
** distribution.
** * Neither the name of The Qt Company Ltd nor the names of its
** contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
** from this software without specific prior written permission.
**
**
** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
** "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
** LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
** A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
** OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
** SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
** LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
** DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
** THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
** (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
** OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
**
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/
import QtQuick 2.1
import Qt3D.Core 2.0
import Qt3D.Render 2.9
import Qt3D.Input 2.0
import Qt3D.Extras 2.9
Entity {
id: root
objectName: "root"
// Use the renderer configuration specified in ForwardRenderer.qml
// and render from the mainCamera
components: [
RenderSettings {
activeFrameGraph: RenderSurfaceSelector {
id: renderSurfaceSelector
CameraSelector {
id: cameraSelector
camera: camera
Viewport {
id: viewport
normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0, 0, 1, 1)
ClearBuffers {
buffers: ClearBuffers.AllBuffers
clearColor: "white"
NoDraw{}
}
LayerFilter {
layers: [opaqueLayer]
}
LayerFilter {
layers: [opaqueLayer]
filterMode: LayerFilter.DiscardAllMatchingLayers
NoDepthMask {}
}
}
}
}
},
InputSettings { }
]
Camera {
id: camera
projectionType: CameraLens.PerspectiveProjection
fieldOfView: 45
nearPlane : 0.1
farPlane : 1000.0
position: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 4.0, -5.0 )
upVector: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 )
viewCenter: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 )
}
FirstPersonCameraController { camera: camera }
Entity {
components: [
PointLight {
enabled: parent.enabled
color: "black"
intensity: 0
}
]
}
Entity {
PlaneMesh {
id: groundMesh
width: 50
height: width
meshResolution: Qt.size(2, 2)
}
Transform {
id: groundTransform
translation: Qt.vector3d(0, 0, 0)
}
Layer {
id: opaqueLayer
}
PhongMaterial {
id: material
diffuse: Qt.rgba( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1 )
ambient: Qt.rgba( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1 )
}
components: [
groundMesh,
groundTransform,
material,
opaqueLayer
]
}
IronMan {
id: ironMan
}
}
IronMan.qml
import Qt3D.Core 2.0
import Qt3D.Render 2.0
import Qt3D.Extras 2.0
import QtQml 2.14
Entity {
id: root
property vector3d position: Qt.vector3d(0, 0, 0)
property real scale: 1.0
property real rotationAngle: 0.0
property vector3d rotationAxis: Qt.vector3d(1, 0, 0)
property alias source: mesh.source
property Material material
components: [ transform, mesh, material ]
Transform {
id: transform
scale: root.scale
rotation: fromAxisAndAngle(root.rotationAxis, root.rotationAngle)
translation: root.position
}
Mesh {
id: mesh
source: "qrc:/man.obj"
}
material: TextureAlphaMaterial {
id: material
opacity: 0.5
}
}
TextureAlphaMaterial.qml
import Qt3D.Core 2.0
import Qt3D.Render 2.0
Material {
id: root
property real opacity: 1.
parameters: [
Parameter {
name: "diffuseTexture"
value: Texture2D {
textureImages: [
TextureImage {
source: "qrc:/man.png"
}
]
}
}
]
effect: Effect {
id: rootEffect
parameters: [
Parameter
{
name: "opacity"
value: root.opacity
}
]
techniques: [
Technique {
graphicsApiFilter {
api: GraphicsApiFilter.OpenGL
profile: GraphicsApiFilter.CoreProfile
majorVersion: 3
minorVersion: 1
}
filterKeys: [ FilterKey { name: "renderingStyle"; value: "forward" } ]
renderPasses: [
RenderPass {
shaderProgram: ShaderProgram {
vertexShaderCode: loadSource("qrc:/shaders/unlittexture.vert")
fragmentShaderCode: loadSource("qrc:/shaders/unlittexture.frag")
}
renderStates: [
DepthTest {
depthFunction: DepthTest.LessOrEqual
},
NoDepthMask {
},
BlendEquation {
blendFunction: BlendEquation.Add
},
BlendEquationArguments {
sourceRgb: BlendEquationArguments.One
destinationRgb: BlendEquationArguments.OneMinusSourceAlpha
sourceAlpha: BlendEquationArguments.One
destinationAlpha: BlendEquationArguments.OneMinusSourceAlpha
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
}
unlittexture.frag
#version 150 core
uniform sampler2D diffuseTexture;
uniform float opacity;
in vec3 position;
in vec2 texCoord;
out vec4 fragColor;
void main()
{
fragColor = vec4(texture(diffuseTexture, texCoord).xyz * opacity, opacity);
}
unlittexture.vert
#version 150 core
in vec3 vertexPosition;
in vec2 vertexTexCoord;
out vec3 position;
out vec2 texCoord;
uniform mat4 modelView;
uniform mat4 mvp;
void main()
{
vec3 t = vec3(vertexTexCoord, 1.0);
texCoord = (t / t.z).xy;
position = vec3(modelView * vec4(vertexPosition, 1.0));
gl_Position = mvp * vec4(vertexPosition, 1.0);
}
注：
您可以分别用任何 3D 模型（使用 Blender 或任何其他 3D 软件导出到 obj）或贴图纹理替换 man.obj 和 man.png。然而，它们可以在 Florian's repository or on tripolskypetr's repository.
上找到这是最终结果：
编辑 2
我修改了你的项目。它现在以透明纹理显示模型，您可以在 GitHub 上找到它。请务必查看分支 transparent_texture.
我没有实现允许动态设置透明度的功能，但我认为您可以从示例开始自己实现。该模型也未点亮，即仅显示纹理而没有任何闪电，但通过查看其他 Qt3D materials.
应该很容易实现一些简单的 phong 闪电原答案
Qt3D 没有为透明纹理对象提供 material，这意味着您必须自己实现它。我稍后再讲。
简单透明
关于您的透明度问题，我尝试了代码并使以下内容正常工作但没有按钮：
main.cpp:
#include <Qt3DQuickExtras/qt3dquickwindow.h>
#include <Qt3DQuick/QQmlAspectEngine>
#include <QGuiApplication>
#include <QQmlEngine>
#include <QQmlContext>
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
QGuiApplication app(argc, argv);
Qt3DExtras::Quick::Qt3DQuickWindow view;
view.engine()->qmlEngine()->rootContext()->setContextProperty("_window", &view);
view.setSource(QUrl("qrc:/main.qml"));
view.show();
return app.exec();
}
main.qml:
import QtQuick 2.1
import Qt3D.Core 2.0
import Qt3D.Render 2.9
import Qt3D.Input 2.0
import Qt3D.Extras 2.9
Entity {
id: root
objectName: "root"
// Use the renderer configuration specified in ForwardRenderer.qml
// and render from the mainCamera
components: [
RenderSettings {
activeFrameGraph: RenderSurfaceSelector {
id: renderSurfaceSelector
CameraSelector {
id: cameraSelector
camera: camera
Viewport {
id: viewport
normalizedRect: Qt.rect(0, 0, 1, 1)
ClearBuffers {
buffers: ClearBuffers.AllBuffers
clearColor: "white"
NoDraw{}
}
LayerFilter {
layers: [opaqueLayer]
}
LayerFilter {
layers: [opaqueLayer]
filterMode: LayerFilter.DiscardAllMatchingLayers
}
}
}
}
},
// Event Source will be set by the Qt3DQuickWindow
InputSettings { }
]
Camera {
id: camera
projectionType: CameraLens.PerspectiveProjection
fieldOfView: 45
nearPlane : 0.1
farPlane : 1000.0
position: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 4.0, -5.0 )
upVector: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 )
viewCenter: Qt.vector3d( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 )
}
FirstPersonCameraController { camera: camera }
Entity {
components: [
PointLight {
enabled: parent.enabled
color: "black"
intensity: 0
}
]
}
Entity {
PlaneMesh {
id: groundMesh
width: 50
height: width
meshResolution: Qt.size(2, 2)
}
Transform {
id: groundTransform
translation: Qt.vector3d(0, 0, 0)
}
Layer {
id: opaqueLayer
}
PhongMaterial {
id: material
diffuse: Qt.rgba( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1 )
ambient: Qt.rgba( 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1 )
}
components: [
groundMesh,
groundTransform,
material,
opaqueLayer
]
}
Entity {
id: sphere1
Mesh {
id: man
source: "qrc:/man.obj"
}
components: [
man,
matSphere1Material
]
PhongAlphaMaterial {
id: matSphere1Material
alpha: 0.1
ambient: Qt.rgba( 1, 1, 0, 0.0 )
diffuse: Qt.rgba( 1, 1, 0, 0.0 )
shininess: 50
}
}
}
我简化了您的示例以找出问题所在，看起来您在 main.cpp 中使用了错误的 QML 引擎。但我建议您尝试一下 Scene3DView 示例，因为透明度与您的设置类似（如果您需要 UI 中的按钮）。我经常使用示例并根据需要修改它们。我只是想让您开始使用我提供的代码。
如果你问自己为什么我在那里有 LayerFilters，请查看我的
透明纹理对象
这更难（不幸的是我没有时间提供示例代码，也许开始然后在某些事情不起作用时提出问题）。在这里你必须实现你自己的着色器。 Qt3D 根本不提供任何考虑 alpha 的现成实现。 q3dpostproc repository 是一个对我帮助很大的存储库。您可以看到如何构建自己的 Qt3D materials，加载自己的着色器并将参数传递给它们。
还有 Advanced Custom Material 示例，它可以为如何创建自定义着色器和传递参数提供很多帮助。
如果您想了解如何在着色器中为对象添加纹理，请查看 shader of QTextureMaterial and its code。我试图在 QML 中重新创建它，但它并没有立即起作用。
我建议您尝试使用 q3dpostproc 代码并尝试对其中一个对象进行纹理处理（该项目的结构有点复杂，因为它是一个展示柜，但过了一段时间后一切都变得有意义了）。它已经有一个使用纹理的着色器，因为它首先将所有内容绘制到屏幕外缓冲区，然后使用该纹理绘制屏幕。在您使用自己的着色器成功地对其中一个对象进行纹理处理后，您可以在其中执行类似的操作：
fragColor = vec4(texture(...).xyz, 0.5);
这应该会给你一个透明的纹理。当您希望纹理正确点亮时，您可能只需要在最后用更精细的东西替换 texture(...).xyz 。但是为此，您可以查看我链接的 Qt3D GitHub 存储库中的 phong 着色器，或者从 this repository 或互联网上的其他地方获取一个。
希望这些信息对您有所帮助。
编辑 1
我修改了 q3dpostproc 代码以在 GitHub branch 中显示透明纹理。对象尚未点亮，但这应该使功能清晰。