模板参数包的错误推导

incorrect deduction of template parameter pack

以下程序无法编译:

template <unsigned int dim, unsigned int N, bool P, bool C, class... ParametersType>
void test(ParametersType&&... par)
{
}

int main()
{
    test<2, 3, true, false>(2, 1, {8, 8});
}

看到了live on Coliru.

错误信息

g++ -std=c++17 -O1 -Wall -pedantic -pthread main.cpp && ./a.out

main.cpp: In function 'int main()':

main.cpp:8:41: error: too many arguments to function 'void test(ParametersType&& ...)
 [with unsigned int dim = 2; unsigned int N = 3; bool P = true; bool C = false; ParametersType = {}]'

    8 |     test<2, 3, true, false>(2, 1, {8, 8});

      |                                         ^

main.cpp:2:6: note: declared here

    2 | void test(ParametersType&&... par)

      |      ^~~~

表示参数包ParametersType...推导为空,而我希望它根据传递给test的参数类型推导。

问题出在传递给 test{8, 8} 参数中。 显式传递一个 std::array 给函数解决问题:

#include <array>

template <unsigned int dim, unsigned int N, bool P, bool C, class... ParametersType>
void test(ParametersType&&... par)
{
}

int main()
{
    test<2, 3, true, false>(2, 1, std::array<int, 2>{8, 8});
}

看到了live on Coliru.

为什么编译器在第一个示例中明显错误地推断出包?

如果编译器无法将 {8, 8} 推断为 std::array,我预计会出现 "impossible to deduce" 错误。为什么编译器将包推断为空包?

模板错误很难改正。这只是实施的质量。实例的 Clang 给出

main.cpp:2:6: note: candidate template ignored: substitution failure 
[with dim = 2, N = 3, P = true, C = false]: deduced incomplete pack <int, int, (no value)>
for template parameter 'ParametersType'

哪个更容易理解。是的,除非使用 auto.

来自cppreference

A braced-init-list is not an expression and therefore has no type, e.g. decltype({1,2}) is ill-formed. Having no type implies that template type deduction cannot deduce a type that matches a braced-init-list, so given the declaration template void f(T); the expression f({1,2,3}) is ill-formed.

您也可以在这种情况下使用 auto 来解决您的问题:

template <unsigned int dim, unsigned int N, bool P, bool C, class... ParametersType>
void test(ParametersType&&... par)
{
}

int main()
{
   auto x = { 8, 8 };
   test<2, 3, true, false>(2, 1, x);
}