如何在 C# 中制作全局键盘钩子

How to make a global keyboard hook in C#

如何在 C# 中为 Electron.NET 应用程序创建全局键盘挂钩?我相信只要它在控制台应用程序中工作,它就应该在 Electron.Net 应用程序中正常工作。

我为这个问题做了一个'solution',但是它往往会用掉很多CPU (7-10%)。如果没有其他选择,也许有人能够以某种方式使其真正有效:

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Threading;

[DllImport("User32.dll")]
public static extern short GetAsyncKeyState(int vKey);

// Other VKey codes: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/inputdev/virtual-key-codes
public enum VKeys {
    LBUTTON = 0x01,     // Left mouse button
    RBUTTON = 0x02,     // Right mouse button
    KEY_0 = 0x30,       // 0 key
    KEY_1 = 0x31,       // 1 key
    KEY_2 = 0x32,       // 2 key
    KEY_3 = 0x33,       // 3 key
    KEY_4 = 0x34,       // 4 key
    KEY_5 = 0x35,       // 5 key
    KEY_6 = 0x36,       // 6 key
    KEY_7 = 0x37,       // 7 key
    KEY_8 = 0x38,       // 8 key
    KEY_9 = 0x39        // 9 key
}

public void Start()
{
    Thread HookThread = new Thread(delegate ()
    {
        var keys = Enum.GetValues(typeof(VKeys));

        while (true)
        {
            foreach (int key in keys)
            {
                var ks = GetAsyncKeyState(key);

                if (ks < 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine($"pressed {key}");
                    //Thread.Sleep(100);
                }

                //Thread.Sleep(1); // Even sleeping for '1ms' will delay it too much
            }
        }
    });

    HookThread.Start();
}

我发现的很多东西只有在我使用 WinForms 或 WPF 时才有效。

编辑:

我试过 hanabanashiku 的回答,以及我在网上找到的很多其他人的回答,但他们似乎都滞后于键盘输入,而且他们的回调函数似乎永远不会被调用。

我决定用 C++ 编写键盘钩子,将其编译为 DLL,然后在我的 C# 代码中引用该 DLL,希望能制作出一个功能正常且不会导致任何明显输入延迟的键盘钩子,但这并没有也不工作。

键盘挂钩 运行 当 运行 在 C++ 中作为 .exe 时完美,但是当我将它编译为 DLL 并在 C# 中 运行 它导致相同的问题之前 - 很多输入延迟和回调函数似乎没有被调用。

如果有人想尝试的话,这里是代码:

KeyboardHook.cpp

#include "KeyboardHook.h"
#include <iostream>

#define __event void KeyDown(int key), KeyUp(int key);

using namespace Hooks;

void KeyDown(int key)
{
    std::cout << "KeyDown\n";
}

void KeyUp(int key)
{
    std::cout << "KeyUp\n";
}

LRESULT CALLBACK KeyboardProc(int nCode, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
    if (nCode == HC_ACTION)
    {
        PKBDLLHOOKSTRUCT p = (PKBDLLHOOKSTRUCT)lParam;

        switch (wParam)
        {
            case WM_KEYDOWN:
            case WM_SYSKEYDOWN:
                KeyDown(p->vkCode);
                break;
            case WM_KEYUP:
            case WM_SYSKEYUP:
                KeyUp(p->vkCode);
                break;
        }
    }

    // Not processing keys so always return CallNextHookEx
    return(CallNextHookEx(NULL, nCode, wParam, lParam));
}

void KeyboardHook::Install() {
    // Install keyboard hook
    keyboardHook = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, KeyboardProc, 0, 0);
    std::cout << "Installed\n";
}

void KeyboardHook::Uninstall() {
    // Unhook keyboard hook
    UnhookWindowsHookEx(keyboardHook);
}

KeyboardHook.h

#include <Windows.h>

HHOOK keyboardHook;

namespace Hooks 
{
    class KeyboardHook
    {
    public:
        __declspec(dllexport) void Install();
        __declspec(dllexport) void Uninstall();
    };
}

Program.cs

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace HelloMyNameIsSpindiNiceToMeetYou
{
    class Program
    {
        private const string hooksPath = @"C:\Path\To\Hooks.dll";

        // If EntryPoint doesn't work, yours might be different
        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/interop/identifying-functions-in-dlls
        //
        // "For example, you can use dumpbin /exports Hooks.dll [...] to obtain function names." 
        // you need to be in the folder with the dll for above to work in Command Prompt for VS
        [DllImport(hooksPath, EntryPoint = "?Install@KeyboardHook@Hooks@@QEAAXXZ", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
        private extern static void Install();

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Install();

            // keep console app running
            while (true)
            {
                continue;
            }

            // or keep it running with this
            // Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

我现在正在 electron.net 应用程序之外测试这些东西,只是在控制台应用程序中,但仍然无法正常工作。我发现的所有内容都导致我无法使用 winforms。

您的解决方案使用了大量的计算能力,因为每次循环重复时,它都会对 Windows API 进行 11 次调用。为了更有效地完成此操作,您需要添加一个键盘 hook。一个简单的解决方案如下所示。

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
    private static extern IntPtr SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, LowLevelKeyboardProc lpfn, IntPtr hMod, uint dwThreadId);

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
private static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(IntPtr hhk);

[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr CallNextHookEx(IntPtr hhk, int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);

[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string lpModuleName);

private const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13;
private const int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x0100;
private delegate IntPtr LowLevelKeyboardProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);


private static InPtr hook_ = IntPtr.Zero;
private static LowLevelHookProc _proc = KeyboardProc;

public void Start() {
    using (var process = Process.GetCurrentProcess())
        using (var module = process.MainModule)
        {
            _hook = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, _proc,
                GetModuleHandle(module.ModuleName), 0);
        }

private static IntPtr KeyboardProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
    {
        if (nCode >= 0 && wParam == (IntPtr)WM_KEYDOWN) {
            switch(nCode) {
                 // Look for keys
            }
        }

        return CallNextHookEx(_hookID, nCode, wParam, lParam);
    }

每次按下按键时都会触发回调函数。只需查找您要查询的虚拟键即可。

Electron 有一种方法可以创建 global shortcuts built-in, you just have to adapt the syntax a little to work with Electron.Net, you can search the repo 来计算函数名称(通常名称是相同的,只是 PascalCase)。

正在注册快捷方式:

Electron.GlobalShortcut.Register("CommandOrControl+X", () =>
{
    Console.WriteLine("CommandOrControl+X pressed");
});

注销快捷方式:

// Unregister specific shortcut
Electron.GlobalShortcut.Unregister("CommandOrControl+X");

// Unregister all shortcuts
Electron.GlobalShortcut.UnregisterAll();